Chapter 19 Section 1. Metals Properties of Metals Where do you find metals on the periodic table? Where do you find metals on the periodic table? Left.

Chapter 19Chapter 19

Section 1Section 1

MetalsMetals

Properties of MetalsProperties of Metals

Where do you find metals on the periodic Where do you find metals on the periodic table?table?

Left of the stair step lineLeft of the stair step line

What are main properties of metals?What are main properties of metals?1.1. Good conductors of heatGood conductors of heat

2.2. Good conductor of electricityGood conductor of electricity

3.3. All but Mercury are solid at room temp.All but Mercury are solid at room temp.

Properties of MetalsProperties of Metals Other properties:Other properties:

1.1. Luster:Luster: Reflect lightReflect light

2.2. MalleableMalleable Can be rolled thin into sheetsCan be rolled thin into sheets

3.3. DuctileDuctile Can be drawn into wiresCan be drawn into wires

These properties make metals suitable for use These properties make metals suitable for use in objects like eyeglasses, computers, and in objects like eyeglasses, computers, and buildings. buildings.

Properties of MetalsProperties of Metals

LusterLuster

MalleableMalleable

DuctileDuctile

Ionic BondingIonic Bonding

How many electrons do metals have in How many electrons do metals have in their outer energy level? Hint: If it helps their outer energy level? Hint: If it helps write out the electron configuration!write out the electron configuration!1 to 3 1 to 3

Do metals tend to give up or gain Do metals tend to give up or gain electrons?electrons?Give upGive up

Electron Dot DiagramsElectron Dot Diagrams

Ionic BondingIonic Bonding

When metals combine with nonmetals When metals combine with nonmetals what type of bond forms?what type of bond forms? Ionic bondIonic bond

The metal and the nonmetal are now more The metal and the nonmetal are now more stable as an ionstable as an ion

Take on the electron configuration of the Take on the electron configuration of the nearest noble gasnearest noble gas

Ionic BondingIonic Bonding

Alkali MetalsAlkali Metals

What group are alkali metals in?What group are alkali metals in?Group 1Group 1

They have the same properties as other They have the same properties as other metals! What properties make them metals! What properties make them different?different?Softer than most metalsSofter than most metalsMost reactive!Most reactive!

Alkali MetalsAlkali Metals

Why do you think alkali metals are the Why do you think alkali metals are the most reactive?most reactive?They have only 1 electron to give up to They have only 1 electron to give up to

become stable!become stable!

Since they are so reactive they don’t occur Since they are so reactive they don’t occur in nature in their element formin nature in their element form

Alkali MetalsAlkali Metals

When an alkali metal reacts with a When an alkali metal reacts with a nonmetal does it have a + or – charge?nonmetal does it have a + or – charge?+ charge+ charge It has to gain an electron back to get its It has to gain an electron back to get its

original electron configuration backoriginal electron configuration back

Uses of Alkali MetalsUses of Alkali Metals

We need potassium and sodium We need potassium and sodium compounds to stay healthycompounds to stay healthy

Lithium keeps chemicals important to Lithium keeps chemicals important to mental healthy within a narrow rangemental healthy within a narrow range

Francium is rare and radioactiveFrancium is rare and radioactiveRadioactive: Nucleus breaks down and gives Radioactive: Nucleus breaks down and gives

off particles and energyoff particles and energy

Alkaline Earth MetalsAlkaline Earth Metals

Which group are the alkaline earth metals Which group are the alkaline earth metals in?in?Group 2Group 2

Same properties as other metalsSame properties as other metals

Combine easily with other metals so they Combine easily with other metals so they are not found free in natureare not found free in nature

Alkaline Earth MetalsAlkaline Earth Metals

How many electrons are in the outer How many electrons are in the outer energy level?energy level?2 electrons2 electronsThey combine with nonmetals and lose 2 They combine with nonmetals and lose 2

electronselectrons+2 charge+2 charge

Alkaline Earth Metals and Alkaline Earth Metals and FireworksFireworks

Magnesium is used to produce the white color in Magnesium is used to produce the white color in fireworksfireworks

Strontium compounds produce the red Strontium compounds produce the red

Magnesium is also used in cars, planes, Magnesium is also used in cars, planes, spacecraft, ladders, and bats.spacecraft, ladders, and bats.

Chlorophyll is a magnesium compound that Chlorophyll is a magnesium compound that plants needplants need

Alkaline Earth Metals and Your Alkaline Earth Metals and Your BodyBody

Calcium phosphate makes your bones Calcium phosphate makes your bones strongstrong

Barium sulfate is used to diagnose Barium sulfate is used to diagnose digestive problems because it absorbs x-digestive problems because it absorbs x-ray radiationray radiation

Radium was once used to treat cancerRadium was once used to treat cancer

Transition ElementsTransition Elements

Transition metals are what we think of as Transition metals are what we think of as being actual metals.being actual metals. Iron, cobalt, and nickelIron, cobalt, and nickel

Occur in nature as uncombined elementsOccur in nature as uncombined elements

Iron TriadIron Triad

What three transition metals make up the What three transition metals make up the iron triad?iron triad? Iron, cobalt, and nickelIron, cobalt, and nickel

All 3 are used in the process to create All 3 are used in the process to create steel and other metal mixturessteel and other metal mixtures

Iron TriadIron Triad

Iron is the most widely used of all metals Iron is the most widely used of all metals Main component of steelMain component of steel

22ndnd most abundant element in Earth’s crust most abundant element in Earth’s crust

Nickel is added to some metals to give Nickel is added to some metals to give them strengththem strengthAlso used to give a shiny, protective coating Also used to give a shiny, protective coating

to other metalsto other metals

Copper, Silver, and GoldCopper, Silver, and Gold

All 3 were once used to make coinsAll 3 were once used to make coins

Silver and gold are so expensive they are Silver and gold are so expensive they are rarely used in coins anymorerarely used in coins anymoreGold stopped in 1993Gold stopped in 1993Silver in 1964Silver in 1964Coins today are mostly nickel and copperCoins today are mostly nickel and copper

Copper, Silver, and GoldCopper, Silver, and Gold

Today they are used in:Today they are used in:Copper: electrical wiringCopper: electrical wiring

Silver compounds: when exposed to light they Silver compounds: when exposed to light they break down and create an image – used for break down and create an image – used for photographs and moviesphotographs and movies

Silver and gold: JewelrySilver and gold: Jewelry

Zinc, Cadmium, and MercuryZinc, Cadmium, and Mercury

All three are found in Group 12All three are found in Group 12 Zinc: used to coat other metals because of its Zinc: used to coat other metals because of its

protective qualityprotective quality

Cadmium: Rechargeable batteriesCadmium: Rechargeable batteries

Mercury: Used in thermometers, thermostats, Mercury: Used in thermometers, thermostats, switches, and batteries.switches, and batteries.

Only metal that is liquid at room temperatureOnly metal that is liquid at room temperature Poisonous and can accumulate in the bodyPoisonous and can accumulate in the body People have died of mercury poisoning after eating fish in People have died of mercury poisoning after eating fish in

mercury contaminated watermercury contaminated water

Inner Transition MetalsInner Transition Metals

What are the two groups called?What are the two groups called?LanthanidesLanthanidesActinidesActinides

ActinidesActinidesAll are radioactive and unstableAll are radioactive and unstable

Metals in Earth’s CrustMetals in Earth’s Crust

Earth’s crust contains many compounds Earth’s crust contains many compounds and a few uncombined metals like gold and a few uncombined metals like gold and copperand copper

Metals must be mined and separated from Metals must be mined and separated from their orestheir oresMost of our chromium is imported from S. Most of our chromium is imported from S.

Africa, Turkey, and the Philippines. It is used Africa, Turkey, and the Philippines. It is used to harden steelto harden steel

OresOres

Ore:Ore:Metal in Earth’s crust that combine with other Metal in Earth’s crust that combine with other

elementselementsMost are a mixture of a metal compound, or Most are a mixture of a metal compound, or

mineral, within a mixture of clay or rockmineral, within a mixture of clay or rockAfter an ore is mined it is the rock is After an ore is mined it is the rock is

separated from the mineralseparated from the mineralThen the mineral is converted to another Then the mineral is converted to another

physical formphysical formThen the metal is refined to its pure formThen the metal is refined to its pure form