Chapter 18 Part 2 Pages 609-615
Jan 12, 2016
Chapter 18
Part 2Pages 609-615
Terms to Know
• Chaing kai-shek• Mao Zedong (tse-tong)• Taiwan• Korean War• 38th Parallel
1945-1991 The Cold War
• Policy of Containment in Europe:
• Berlin…the Berlin Air Lift• Western Europe…The Marshall Plan• Greece and Turkey
Containment in Asia
• China• Korea• The Philippines
The Philippines
• Gained its independence…July 4, 1946
• U.S. Troops left
• Then the Philippines was threatened by a communist terrorist group…
The Hukbalahops
• The United States sent troops back to the Philippines and defeated the dreaded Hukbalahops
Containment in China
• The last Chinese dynasty fell in 1911
• Dr. Sun yat-sen…a popular leader, a Chinese nationalist
• Tried to convince foreign powers in China to get out
• It worked for some but not Russia or Japan
China
• Mao Zedong was a Chinese communist who was trying to take over China as well
• During WWII Chaing and Mao were at war with each other and both were fighting Japanese aggression as well
• Sometimes they cooperated against Japan
The United States
• Was able to send help to Chaing without violating the neutrality acts because Japan had never formally declared war against China
After WWII
• The U.S. continued to send aid…everything but troops…so Chaing could defeat the communists
• This would serve our policy of containment• The U.S. sent $2 Billion to China between
The Communists v the Nationalists
• Chaing’s government was corrupt and in S. and E China. Was supported by the U.S.
• Collected grain taxes from peasants even during famine
• Mao was in the North supported by the USSR and was sympathetic to the peasants
By 1949
• Mainland China fell to the Communists
• Chaing’s (Nationalist) China took power in Taiwan
• Was containment successful in China?• Repercussion's at home.
Containment and Korea
• Korea had been promised its independence at Cairo Conference during the war.
• After WWII Korea was divided at the 38th parallel.
• There was to be a brief occupation by the USSR in the North and the US in the South
North Korea
• The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea was led by Kim Il Sung
• It was a communist state• Occupied and supported by the Soviet Union
• Its capital was Pyongyang
South Korea
• The Republic of Korea was led by Syngman Rhee
• It was supported by the U.S.
• Its capital was Seoul
After a brief occupation
• Elections were to be held and whoever won was to rule over a united Korea
• But by 1948 North Korea refused to allow United Nations inspectors into the North
So the United Nations
• Recognized the government of South Korea under the leadership of Syngman Rhee as the lawful government of Korea
• In 1949 U.S. troops withdrew from South Korea
WAR
• In 1950 North Korea, with support from the USSR invaded South Korea
• The United Nations charged North Korea with Breach of Peace
• The UN authorized Harry Truman to lead a UN action against North Korea
Limited War
• Both Truman and the United Naitons wanted a limited war
• That is, they wanted to recapture the land south of the 38th parallel…NOT all of Korea
The Korean War 1950-1953
• Truman sent MacArthur to take command of an international army representing 16 countries though most were Americans MacArthur had been involved in Japan’s occupation
• MacArthur and his troops made a surprise landing well North of the 38th parallel…north of the Yalu River!
The Yalu River
• Separated North Korea from China!
• The Chinese (by now communist) poured south and pushed MacArthur’s troops to the 38th parallel
Korea
MacArthur
• Commanded 500,000 UN troops and an additional 500,000 South Korean troops
• BUT the North and Russia outnumbered the South 10 to 1!
MacArthur
• disagreed with Truman and the UN
• He wanted to engage the Chinese!
• McCarthy agreed with MacArthur
• America was divided between Truman and MacArthur
MacArthur
• Was recalled by Truman• He came home to a hero’s welcome and made
a speech
• “Old soldiers never die, they just fade away.”
The war ended in 1953
• The 38th parallel is still the boundary
• It cost the U.S. – 54,000 lives– $67 million
– Was containment successful in Korea?