Chapter 18 – Americans Move West Section Notes Miners, Ranchers, and Railroads Wars for the West Farming and Populism Video The Impact of the West on American Culture Images Completion of the Transcontinental Railroad The Plains Indians Pioneer Family Deadwood, South Dakota Quick Facts Causes and Effects of Westward Expansion Effects of the Transcontinental Railroad Chapter 18 Visual Summary Maps Routes West Native American Land Loss in the West, 1850-1890 Skills Page Maps: Migration
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Chapter 18 – Americans Move West
Section Notes Miners, Ranchers, and Railroads Wars for the West Farming and Populism
Video The Impact of the West
on American Culture
Images Completion of the
Transcontinental Railroad The Plains Indians Pioneer Family Deadwood, South Dakota
Quick Facts Causes and Effects of
Westward Expansion Effects of the Transcontinental
Railroad Chapter 18 Visual Summary
Maps Routes West Native American Land Loss
in the West, 1850-1890 Skills Page Maps: Migration
Farming and Populism
The Big Idea
Settlers on the Great Plains created new communities and unique political groups.
Main Ideas
• Many Americans started new lives on the Great Plains.
• Economic challenges led to the creation of farmers’ political groups.
• By the 1890s, the western frontier had come to an end.
• Women were an important force in settling the frontier.
• Est. Women Suffrage and Temperance.
– Annie Bidwell, a founder of Chico, California, supported many social causes.
Who was Annie Bidwell?
Community founder who supported a variety of moral and social causes
New Lives in the West
Building Communities
• Harsh life on remote farms led farmers to form communities, creating churches and schools.
• Children helped with many chores on the farm.
• Laura Ingalls Wilder wrote books about prairie life.
Main Idea 2: Economic challenges led to the creation of
farmers’ political groups.
• The United States was growing during the period 1860-1900. – The population more than doubled. – The number of farms tripled. – Farmers could harvest a bushel of wheat 20 times faster in
1900 than in 1830.
Main Idea 2: Economic challenges led to the creation of
farmers’ political groups.
• Farm incomes fell. – More farms and greater productivity led to overproduction,
which led to lower prices. – Many farmers lost their farms and homes and became tenant
farmers. – By 1880, one-fourth of all farms were rented by tenants.
• Farmers formed associations to protect their interests.
The National Grange and the Railroads
The National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry was a social and educational organization for farmers.
The Grange called for laws to regulate railroad rates.
Why did farm income fall?
Overproduction led to falling crop prices.
What is the National Grange?
Social and educational organization for farmers.
The National Grange and the Railroads
The Supreme Court ruled: • 1877 that the government could regulate railroads • 1886 that government could regulate only companies doing
business across state lines
Congress passed the Interstate Commerce Act in 1887 to provide national regulations for trade, but could not enforce them.
Free Silver Debate
• The U.S. had been on the gold standard since 1873, resulting in deflation.(Decrease in money supply and overall lower of price)
• Many farmers supported the unlimited coining of silver and the backing of paper currency with silver.
• Congress passed the Sherman Silver Purchase Act to increase the amount of silver purchased for coinage, but it did not help farmers much.
Free Silver Debate and the Populist Party
Free Silver Debate and the Populist Party
Populist Party
• The Farmers’ Alliances formed the Populist Party to have power and a candidate that would represent them.
• It supported government ownership of railroads and communication systems, free silver, and labor regulation.