Chapter 17 WW II

Chapter 17 WW IIChapter 17 WW II

United States enters World War IIUnited States enters World War II

1941-19451941-1945

Vocabulary Vocabulary

Found in Glossary Found in Glossary D-dayD-day Battle of the Battle of the

BulgeBulge Battle of MidwayBattle of Midway KamikazeKamikaze

Pages 569 - 579Pages 569 - 579 Harry S. TrumanHarry S. Truman Douglas MacArthurDouglas MacArthur Dwight D. Dwight D.

EisenhowerEisenhower Omar BradleyOmar Bradley George PattonGeorge Patton

Leaders in WWIILeaders in WWII

Germany- Adolf HitlerGermany- Adolf Hitler Japan- General TojoJapan- General Tojo Italy- Benito Mussolini Italy- Benito Mussolini

• USA- Franklin D. Roosevelt • Great Britain- Winston Churchill• USSR- Joseph Stalin

Axis as Aggressors Axis as Aggressors All pretty much Dictatorships GER/ITA Fascists All pretty much Dictatorships GER/ITA Fascists

and Japan Empireand Japan Empire 1936- Hitler remilitarized Germany1936- Hitler remilitarized Germany

– Mussolini announces Rome-Berlin AxisMussolini announces Rome-Berlin Axis– Germany Signs Anti-Communism Pact with Germany Signs Anti-Communism Pact with

JapanJapan Japan Invades ChinaJapan Invades China GER annexes Austria and CzechoslovakiaGER annexes Austria and Czechoslovakia GER and USSR sign non-aggression pactGER and USSR sign non-aggression pact GER invades PolandGER invades Poland

So begins World So begins World War IIWar II France and Britain declare France and Britain declare

war on the Axiswar on the Axis Soviets invade PolandSoviets invade Poland Germans started take over of Germans started take over of

EuropeEurope Winston Churchill became Winston Churchill became

prime ministerprime minister On the same day Germany On the same day Germany

started the invasion of Francestarted the invasion of France A month and a half later A month and a half later

France surrendered France surrendered

TacticsTactics

German War tactics German War tactics BlitzkriegBlitzkrieg– Using tanks in small Using tanks in small

divisions to pierce divisions to pierce the enemy line, then the enemy line, then attack the line flankattack the line flank

– Great speed was a Great speed was a mustmust

– To combat this To combat this divisions fought in divisions fought in columns columns

"The Battle of France is over. I "The Battle of France is over. I expect the Battle of Britain is about expect the Battle of Britain is about to begin....“- Winston Churchillto begin....“- Winston Churchill

Luftwaffe (German Air Force) Luftwaffe (German Air Force) bombed England attempting bombed England attempting destroy England’s Air defense and destroy England’s Air defense and force a surrenderforce a surrender

RAF (English Air Force) turned RAF (English Air Force) turned them awaythem away

Germany attacks Germany attacks Soviet Union Soviet Union June 22, 1941June 22, 1941

Purpose was to Purpose was to rid the world rid the world communismcommunism

Very bloody with Very bloody with little regard for little regard for human lifehuman life

US policy towards US policy towards JapanJapan

US stopped selling US stopped selling oil and steel to oil and steel to JapanJapan

Japan saw that as Japan saw that as an act of war.an act of war.

Japan wants raw Japan wants raw materialsmaterials

Singapore- (UK) Singapore- (UK) was taken by was taken by Japan Japan

Pearl Harbor Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941December 7, 1941

Tora, Tora, Tora, Tora, Tora, Tora, code name of the code name of the attack on Pearl attack on Pearl Harbor.Harbor.

USS Yorktown Carrier

USS ArizonaUSS Arizona

US battleship that was hit by the US battleship that was hit by the JapaneseJapanese

Schofied Barracks were also hitSchofied Barracks were also hit Wheeler Field- airfields attacked Wheeler Field- airfields attacked

by Japan and Hichan Field – air by Japan and Hichan Field – air force attackedforce attacked

““A day in which will live in A day in which will live in infamy” FDRinfamy” FDR

Jeanette RankinJeanette Rankin

Jeanette Rankin - a member of Jeanette Rankin - a member of Congress to vote against the war.Congress to vote against the war.

Japan moves to Japan moves to dominate the Pacificdominate the Pacific The United States is the only power The United States is the only power

blocking Japan’s plan to conquer the blocking Japan’s plan to conquer the PacificPacific

The Japanese had destroyed 75% of The Japanese had destroyed 75% of US naval power in the Pacific.US naval power in the Pacific.

Philippines- was a US protectorate Philippines- was a US protectorate since 1898.since 1898.

Douglas Macarthur- commanding Douglas Macarthur- commanding officer.officer.

General Douglas MacarthurGeneral Douglas Macarthur

Commander of Commander of American forces American forces in the Philippines.in the Philippines.

“ “ I shall return”I shall return”

Bataan Death March 1942Bataan Death March 1942

Bataan Death March 1942Bataan Death March 1942

American troops were captured American troops were captured by the Japanese. US troops were by the Japanese. US troops were forced to march 6 days, 90 miles forced to march 6 days, 90 miles

Japanese AmericansJapanese Americans

Internment Internment campscamps were were rounded up and rounded up and put in camps.put in camps.

Lost propertyLost property

Japanese-American Boy Japanese-American Boy Scout Troop in an Scout Troop in an Internment CampInternment Camp

Japanese-American Boy Japanese-American Boy Scout Troop in an Scout Troop in an Internment CampInternment Camp

United States will fight a two United States will fight a two front war.front war.

European front European front “European Theatre”- “European Theatre”- North Africa, ItalyNorth Africa, Italy

Eastern front, and northern France.Eastern front, and northern France.

Pacific front Pacific front “Pacific Theatre”- “Pacific Theatre”- using air, using air, naval, and man power,naval, and man power,

Island hoppingIsland hopping

Operation TorchOperation Torch

United States troops will fight United States troops will fight with British troops to stop with British troops to stop Germans in North Africa.Germans in North Africa.

Dwight Eisenhower- Commander Dwight Eisenhower- Commander of US troops.of US troops.

Dwight EisenhowerDwight Eisenhower

US Commander US Commander of all US troops- of all US troops- North Africa.North Africa.

His plan was to His plan was to stop Hitler’s stop Hitler’s troops in North troops in North Africa.Africa.

oiloil

General George PattonGeneral George Patton

US tank US tank commander commander under under EisenhowerEisenhower

““Old Blood and Old Blood and Guts”Guts”

Battle of the Battle of the Bulge- largest Bulge- largest battle of WWIIbattle of WWII

General Omar General Omar BradleyBradley US commander US commander Served under Served under

EisenhowerEisenhower ““G.I. General”G.I. General” 5 star general5 star general Lived in El PasoLived in El Paso

Soft underbelly of Soft underbelly of EuropeEurope

US and British US and British troops attacked troops attacked Sicily then Sicily then moved into Italy.moved into Italy.

Patton and Patton and MontgomeryMontgomery

Operation OverlordOperation Overlord

Code name for the invasion of Code name for the invasion of Europe by Allies more commonly Europe by Allies more commonly known as known as D-Day on June 6, 1944.D-Day on June 6, 1944.

Largest fleet of ships and men.Largest fleet of ships and men. Normandy, FranceNormandy, France Dwight Eisenhower commands the Dwight Eisenhower commands the

invasion forces at D-Dayinvasion forces at D-Day What does the “D” in D-Day stand What does the “D” in D-Day stand

for?for?

Major U.S. campaignsMajor U.S. campaigns Invaded North AfricaInvaded North Africa Storming the beaches at NormandyStorming the beaches at Normandy

– 160,000 allied troops cross the English 160,000 allied troops cross the English Channel onto FranceChannel onto France

Battle of the BulgeBattle of the Bulge Last major offensive from Germany Last major offensive from Germany

launched in December 1944.launched in December 1944.

HolocaustHolocaust-name given to the -name given to the killing of 6 million Jewskilling of 6 million Jews

German Concentration German Concentration CampsCamps

AuschwitzAuschwitz DauchauDauchau TreblinkaTreblinka BuchenwaldBuchenwald

Steps to the HolocaustSteps to the Holocaust HISTORY OF THE HOLOCAUST - TIME LINEHISTORY OF THE HOLOCAUST - TIME LINE 19331933

– Books with ideas considered dangerous to Nazi beliefs are burned.Books with ideas considered dangerous to Nazi beliefs are burned. 19341934

– Jewish newspapers can no longer be sold in the streets.Jewish newspapers can no longer be sold in the streets. 19351935

– Jews are deprived of their citizenship and other basic rights. Jews are deprived of their citizenship and other basic rights. – The Nazis intensify the persecution of political people that don’t agree with his philosophy.The Nazis intensify the persecution of political people that don’t agree with his philosophy.

19361936 – Nazis boycott Jewish-owned business. Nazis boycott Jewish-owned business. – Jews no longer have the right to vote.Jews no longer have the right to vote.

19381938 – On Kristallnacht, the 'Night of Broken Glass,' Nazis terrorized Jews throughout Germany and Austria On Kristallnacht, the 'Night of Broken Glass,' Nazis terrorized Jews throughout Germany and Austria

- 30,000 Jews are arrested.- 30,000 Jews are arrested. 19391939

– Hitler orders that Jews must follow curfews; Jews must turn in radios to the police; Jews must wear Hitler orders that Jews must follow curfews; Jews must turn in radios to the police; Jews must wear yellow stars of David.yellow stars of David.

19401940 – Nazis begin deporting German Jews to Poland. Nazis begin deporting German Jews to Poland. – Jews are forced into ghettos.Jews are forced into ghettos.– Nazis begin the first mass murder of Jews in Poland.Nazis begin the first mass murder of Jews in Poland.– Jews are put into concentration campsJews are put into concentration camps

Atrocities of the Atrocities of the HolocaustHolocaust Death MarchesDeath Marches Starvation Starvation Gas ChambersGas Chambers Medical ExperimentsMedical Experiments

– Dr. MangeleDr. Mangele– Freeze, pressure chambers, chemical testingFreeze, pressure chambers, chemical testing– Sewed twins togetherSewed twins together

6,000,000 Jews were murdered6,000,000 Jews were murdered– Other victims include: Homosexuals, Mentally Other victims include: Homosexuals, Mentally

Disabled, Slavs and Gypsies Disabled, Slavs and Gypsies

Dr. Mengele Dr. Mengele Angel of DeathAngel of Death Josef Mengele left Auschwitz disguised as a member of the regular German infantry.

GeneticistGeneticist

Many Nazi war Many Nazi war criminals escaped to criminals escaped to Argentina using false Argentina using false identities supplied by identities supplied by the Red Crossthe Red Cross .

In attempts to fabricate blue eyes, drops or injections of chemicals would be put in the eyes. This often caused severe pain, infections, and temporary or permanent blindness.

Various surgeries without anesthesia including organ removal, castration, and amputations

VE Day- Victory in Europe VE Day- Victory in Europe May 8, 1945May 8, 1945

..

On top of Hitler's bunker

The entrance

Hitler’s suicide

General George General George MarshallMarshall Chief of StaffChief of Staff

5 star general (25 star general (2ndnd man to do so after man to do so after Pershing)Pershing)

Head of all US Head of all US forces in Pacific forces in Pacific and Atlantic and Atlantic theaters.theaters.

Time Magazine in Time Magazine in 1944 named 1944 named Marshall “Man of Marshall “Man of the Year”the Year”

Once dubbed the “organizer Once dubbed the “organizer of victory” by Winston of victory” by Winston Churchill for his leadership Churchill for his leadership of the Allied victory in of the Allied victory in World War II, Marshall later , Marshall later became instrumental in the became instrumental in the post-war reconstruction post-war reconstruction effort in Europe, which effort in Europe, which became known as the became known as the Marshall Plan. For this latter . For this latter role Marshall received the role Marshall received the Nobel Peace Prize, the only , the only professional soldier to hold professional soldier to hold that distinction.that distinction.

United States & Australia United States & Australia are the two nations still are the two nations still fighting Japan in the Pacificfighting Japan in the Pacific

Jimmy DoolittleJimmy Doolittle

Aviator in Air Aviator in Air ForceForce

Who comes up Who comes up with plan to bomb with plan to bomb Tokyo, and pilots Tokyo, and pilots how to take off how to take off from aircraft from aircraft carriers.carriers.

““Doolittle’s Raid” Doolittle’s Raid” in 1942in 1942

Douglas MacArthurDouglas MacArthur

US Military US Military commander in the commander in the PacificPacific

““Old soldiers never Old soldiers never die, they just fade die, they just fade away.”away.”

He received the He received the formal Japanese formal Japanese surrender in surrender in September 1945, V-J September 1945, V-J Day.Day.

Battle of Midway –turning Battle of Midway –turning point of the warpoint of the war. 1942. 1942

Pacific TheaterPacific Theater U.S.’s war with U.S.’s war with JapanJapan– This included This included

Naval battles at Naval battles at seasea

– And Island And Island hopinghoping

– Used Navajo Used Navajo Code Talkers- Code Talkers- messengers for messengers for the U.S. spoke the U.S. spoke in Native in Native languagelanguage

US broke the Japanese codeUS broke the Japanese code

United States broke the Japanese United States broke the Japanese code United States had an code United States had an advantage over Japan.advantage over Japan.

Code TalkersCode Talkers

Navajo Indians would send Navajo Indians would send transmissions for United States.transmissions for United States.

Japanese military never broke the Japanese military never broke the code.code.

Battles in the PacificBattles in the Pacific

SaipanSaipan-site where Marines attacked -site where Marines attacked Japanese. Japanese committed Japanese. Japanese committed suicide rather then surrender. suicide rather then surrender. 20,00020,000

Iwo Jima-Iwo Jima-sitesite where Americans where Americans raised the US flag and now a statueraised the US flag and now a statue– Washington DCWashington DC

Coral Seas-Coral Seas- Australia Australia

Kamikaze PilotsKamikaze Pilots

““Divine wind” Divine wind” suicide pilots of suicide pilots of JapanJapan

Truman’s decision to use the Truman’s decision to use the Atomic BombAtomic Bomb

• President Truman later wrote that he "regarded the bomb as a military weapon and never had any doubts that it should be used." His advisers had warned him to expect massive casualties if the United States invaded Japan. Truman believed it was his duty as president to use every weapon available to save American lives.

Manhattan ProjectManhattan Project

Code name for the Code name for the development of the development of the Atomic BombAtomic Bomb

• Manhattan Project- efforts to develop the atomic bomb created by Robert Oppenheimer and General Leslie R. Groves Pg. 583

Alamogordo New MexicoAlamogordo New Mexico

Fat Man and Little Boy- Fat Man and Little Boy- names of Atomic Bombsnames of Atomic Bombs

Hiroshima-August 6.1945Hiroshima-August 6.1945

Nagasaki August 9, 1945Nagasaki August 9, 1945

V-J DayV-J Day August 15, 1945

It’s Finally It’s Finally Over!!!!!Over!!!!!

It’s Finally It’s Finally Over!!!!!Over!!!!!

Women in the war Women in the war efforteffort Rosie the Riveter-symbol of women Rosie the Riveter-symbol of women

making history working for victory.making history working for victory. NursesNurses Hollywood cafeHollywood cafe USO USO Pin up girlsPin up girls Victory GirlsVictory Girls

African AmericansAfrican Americans

African African Americans were Americans were in segregated in segregated units. units.

Most were cooks, Most were cooks, butlers, and butlers, and fighting units.fighting units.

Tuskegee AirmenTuskegee Airmen

Segregated UnitsSegregated UnitsSegregated UnitsSegregated Units

Rationing Rationing

Issuing coupons to Issuing coupons to limit how much a limit how much a person could person could buy.buy.

sugar, oil, gas, sugar, oil, gas,

S..t..r..e..t..c..h That Food!S..t..r..e..t..c..h That Food!S..t..r..e..t..c..h That Food!S..t..r..e..t..c..h That Food!

Get Your Ration CardsGet Your Ration CardsGet Your Ration CardsGet Your Ration Cards

Buy, Buy, Buy, Buy a Buy, Buy, Buy, Buy a Bond:Bond:

It Will Lead to VICTORY!It Will Lead to VICTORY!

Buy, Buy, Buy, Buy a Buy, Buy, Buy, Buy a Bond:Bond:

It Will Lead to VICTORY!It Will Lead to VICTORY!

Potsdam ConferencePotsdam Conference

Truman, Stalin, Truman, Stalin, and Churchilland Churchill

WW II Memorial in WW II Memorial in Washington, DCWashington, DC

WW II Memorial in WW II Memorial in Washington, DCWashington, DC

Dedicated on April 29, 2004Dedicated on April 29, 2004

Chapter 17 Study GuideChapter 17 Study Guide10 Matching10 Matching

12 Multiple Choice12 Multiple Choice10 TAKS map10 TAKS map

Matching:Matching: Pearl HarborPearl Harbor VJ DayVJ Day VE DayVE Day Axis PowersAxis Powers AlliesAllies Fat ManFat Man Manhattan ProjectManhattan Project D DayD Day

Multiple Choice:Multiple Choice: Operation TorchOperation Torch Battle of the BulgeBattle of the Bulge D DayD Day Hiroshima/NagasakiHiroshima/Nagasaki Internment campsInternment camps KamikazesKamikazes EisenhowerEisenhower PattonPatton