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Chapter 17 Section 3 The Government of the Republic
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Anticipatory Set We have learned about many different types of
government Monarchy Oligarchy Republic What were the forms of
government in Rome? At different period Rome has had all of these
government types Today we are going to learn how Rome began moving
towards a democracy
Slide 4
Standards S.S. 6.7.2 Describe the government of the Roman
Republic and its significance (e.g. written constitution and
tripartite government, checks and balances, civic duty). E-LA
Reading 6.1.3 Recognize the origins and meanings of frequency used
foreign words in English and use these words accurately in speaking
and writing.
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Objective Students will learn about the government of the Roman
Republic. They will learn that Rome had three branches representing
three types of government: monarchy, oligarchy, and democracy.
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Language of the Discipline Tripartite Dictator Cincinnatus Veto
Constitution Checks and balances
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Tripartite Government (Input) The Roman Republic has a
tripartite, or three-part government Magistrates Senate
Assembly
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The Magistrates (Input) The magistrates were the main officials
of the Roman Republic They represented the tradition of a monarchy
2 consuls served as the top magistrates They were elected for 1
year terms leading the government and the army, while also acting
as judges and high priests Magistrates also occupied the position
the king formally had. They had the power to block the others
decisions, so they had to work together to get things done
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The Magistrates (Input) When consuls left for war they
appointed a dictator to serve in their place A dictator is a ruler
with unlimited power The dictators served for 6 month periods or
less During a war a former soldier was appointed dictator. His name
was Cincinnatus. He raised an army, defeated the enemy, and handed
power back to the consuls in just 16 days. The lower officials
managed specific areas of government, such as collected taxes or
maintenance of the road
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The Senate (Input) The senate was the 2 nd branch of government
It represented the tradition of oligarchy The senate continued to
advise the consuls, control state finances, and passed laws The
original Roman Senate had 300 members who served for life They came
from the oldest and richest patrician families in Rome Over time,
the entrance of wealthy plebeians caused the Senate to grow
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The Senate (Input)
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The Assemblies (Input) 2 assemblies made up the third branch of
government The 2 groups represented the democratic element The
Centuriate Assembly developed from a system that placed all men in
classes according to how much military equipment they could provide
Wealthy patricians gained more votes than plebeians could afford
less equipment
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The Assemblies (Input) In the Tribal Assembly, the plebeians
were in charge Over time they became a powerful force in Rome It
elected tribunes, who had the power to veto other branches A veto
is the power to reject a proposed action or law. It means I
forbid
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The Roman Constitution (Input) The powers of the branches were
adjusted according to the Roman constitution A constitution is a
set of laws and principles that forma basis for a government The
Roman constitution included laws and practices that formed over
time, unlike the U.S. constitution that is a single written
document
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The Roman Constitution (Input)
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Checks and Balances (Input) The basic principles of the Roman
constitution evolved during the Struggle of the Orders One
principle was checks and balances Checks and balances represent a
means for keeping any one branch of a government from gaining more
power than the others No one branch could become too powerful Each
consul had the power to veto the other This is a key feature of the
U.S. government today
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The Rule of Law (Input) The second basic principle was the rule
of law With the passage of the Twelve Tables, Romans accepted the
idea that they should be ruled by written laws, rather than whims
of judges Over time the Roman law changed to give rights to the
common people The law code was altered to allow plebeians to marry
patricians and for one consul to be a plebeian Later laws
prohibited debt bondage and allowed plebeians to become
priests
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The Lex Hortensia (Input) Plebeians won a great passage of a
law called the Lex Hortensia which gave the Tribal Assembly the
power to pass laws without the approval of the Senate or consuls
The Roman Republic then became a democracy at least in theory In
reality the patricians still dominated the government Members of
the old aristocracy controlled the Senate and held most of the
magistrate positions. They also dominated the Centuriate Assembly
and had influence over the Tribal Assembly Most Roman citizens
remained loyal to the Republic As long as the plebeians had the
right to vote in their assembly, they felt like they had a role in
the system
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Check for Understanding Please determine the BEST answer for
the following question. Please write your answer on your white
boards and wait for the teachers signal. On the teachers signal,
hold up your white boards.
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Checking for Understanding #1 Fill in the blank _______________
the power to reject a proposed action or law Veto
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Checking for Understanding #2 Answer the following question.
Two assemblies made up the ___________ branch of government.
Third
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Checking for Understanding #3 Answer the following question.
Why were checks and balances important to the Roman government?
Check and balances were important because no one branch could
become too powerful
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Guided Practice/Independent Practice Guided Practice Complete
questions 1 - 3 on the reading comprehension worksheet. Raise your
hand and wait to get stamped. If you received an R go to the back
table with Ms. Graham. Independent Practice Once you have been
stamped moved to independent practice and complete numbers 4 and 5
on the reading comprehension worksheet. Homework Note-taking guide
on the reverse side.