Chapter 17 Section 1: Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance *“Europe is waking out of a long, deep sleep….The time was when learning was only found in religious.

Chapter 17 Section 1: Chapter 17 Section 1: Italy: Birthplace of the Italy: Birthplace of the RenaissanceRenaissance

*“Europe is waking out of a long, deep sleep….The time was when learning was only found in religious orders….learning has passed to secular princes and peers.”

Setting the StageSetting the Stage During Middle Ages During Middle Ages

Europeans suffered from Europeans suffered from – WarWar– PlaguePlague

Catholic Church teaching began to be Catholic Church teaching began to be questionedquestioned

Feudalism began to be questioned Feudalism began to be questioned Educated people began to reject long Educated people began to reject long

held values for held values for ““CLASSICALCLASSICAL”” learning learning

ItalyItaly’’s Advantagess Advantages

1300 – 16001300 – 1600 Renaissance – means REBIRTHRenaissance – means REBIRTH

– Rebirth of art and learning.Rebirth of art and learning.– *High regard for individual achievement *High regard for individual achievement

(humanism)(humanism)– Began in Northern Italy because France Began in Northern Italy because France

and England locked in Hundred Years and England locked in Hundred Years WarWar

*It must be grasped that the Renaissance was primary a human event, propelled forward by a number of individuals of outstanding talent, which in some cases amounted to genius…The Renaissance was about the work of individuals, and in a sense it was about individualism”

*Reasons of Italy*Reasons of Italy Urban CentersUrban Centers

– Overseas trade helped byOverseas trade helped by the Crusades led to growth the Crusades led to growth of large city-states in Italy.of large city-states in Italy.– Wealthy Merchant classWealthy Merchant class

Merchants were the most powerful class due to their Merchants were the most powerful class due to their wealth which was based on wealth which was based on merit.merit.

Italian City-StatesItalian City-States– Ran own governmentRan own government– Collected taxesCollected taxes– Had own armyHad own army– *Gained wealth through the use of merchants in *Gained wealth through the use of merchants in

trade between Europe and the Easttrade between Europe and the East

Characteristics of Italian Characteristics of Italian RenaissanceRenaissance

*Scholars were curious about the world *Scholars were curious about the world outside of Europe and wanted to return to outside of Europe and wanted to return to the learning of the Greeks and Romans.the learning of the Greeks and Romans.

*Major goal of the Renaissance was to *Major goal of the Renaissance was to study and imitate the cultures of Greece study and imitate the cultures of Greece and Rome.and Rome.

*Renaissance architecture abandoned the *Renaissance architecture abandoned the “Gothic” style from the Middle Ages and “Gothic” style from the Middle Ages and borrowed from more classic styles.borrowed from more classic styles.

ItalyItaly’’s Advantages: s Advantages: The Medici The Medici

Florence was ruled by Florence was ruled by one powerful family – one powerful family – The MediciThe Medici– Cosimo de MediciCosimo de Medici

Virtual dictator of VeniceVirtual dictator of Venice

– Arranged marriages to Arranged marriages to strengthen family & strengthen family & business tiesbusiness ties

– Lorenzo the MagnificentLorenzo the Magnificent Virtual dictator Virtual dictator Supported the ARTSSupported the ARTS

ItalyItaly’’s Advantagess Advantages

Medici Family are Medici Family are famous forfamous forBEING RULERSBEING RULERSPATRONS (financial PATRONS (financial

supporter) OF THE supporter) OF THE ARTS ARTS

Nepotism – Nepotism – preferential preferential treatment of treatment of relativesrelatives

Classical and Worldly ValuesClassical and Worldly Values

Society became more Society became more SECULAR and less SECULAR and less religiousreligious

SECULAR – to be more SECULAR – to be more worldlyworldly and concerned and concerned with the here and now.with the here and now.

*Secular achievements *Secular achievements were given greater were given greater emphasis than earlier.emphasis than earlier.

Classical and Worldly ValuesClassical and Worldly Values

The Renaissance ManThe Renaissance Man– Idea that some people are artistic Idea that some people are artistic

geniuses. geniuses.– Individuals would strive to master Individuals would strive to master

every area of study.every area of study.– According to Baldassare According to Baldassare

Castiglione the ideal Renaissance Castiglione the ideal Renaissance Man was skilled in a variety of Man was skilled in a variety of areas (charming, witty, well areas (charming, witty, well educated, dance, sing, play educated, dance, sing, play music, write poetry, skilled rider, music, write poetry, skilled rider, wrestler, swordsmen)wrestler, swordsmen)

Classical and Worldly ValuesClassical and Worldly Values

The Renaissance The Renaissance WomanWoman– Women became more Women became more

educatededucated– Women were expected Women were expected

to marry whom their to marry whom their parents choose not for parents choose not for love but to strengthen love but to strengthen business or family ties. business or family ties.

Isabella d ’Este of Mantua

Renaissance Revolutionizes Renaissance Revolutionizes ArtArt

Artists changed Artists changed artistic stylesartistic styles– Paintings & Paintings &

sculptures became sculptures became more realisticmore realistic

– Glorified human Glorified human body body

– Portraits of famous Portraits of famous citizenscitizens

Renaissance ArtRenaissance Art New TechniquesNew Techniques

– Natural postures and Natural postures and expressions to show expressions to show personalitypersonality The DavidThe David

– *Perspective is the *Perspective is the technique that was technique that was perfected during the perfected during the Renaissance that Renaissance that showed dimension in showed dimension in paintingspaintings School of AthensSchool of Athens

Renaissance Revolutionizes Renaissance Revolutionizes ArtArt

*Leonardo Da Vinci, best of *Leonardo Da Vinci, best of example of a Renaissance Manexample of a Renaissance Man– PainterPainter– SculptorSculptor– InventorInventor– ScientistScientist

Student of anatomy, science, Student of anatomy, science, and art.and art.

*Skilled in a variety of disciplines*Skilled in a variety of disciplines *Had an immediate impact on *Had an immediate impact on

the scientific thinking worldwide, the scientific thinking worldwide, including the importance of the including the importance of the scientific methodscientific method

Leonardo Da VinciLeonardo Da Vinci’’s Workss Works

*The LAST SUPPER*The LAST SUPPER *The MONA LISA*The MONA LISA

Michelangelo – Renaissance Michelangelo – Renaissance ArtistArtist

Michelangelo Michelangelo greatest artist of the greatest artist of the Renaissance who Renaissance who was also skilled in was also skilled in many areas many areas

Most well known for Most well known for his portrayal of the his portrayal of the human bodyhuman body *Sistine Chapel*Sistine Chapel *David*David *Pieta*Pieta

*Michelangelo*Michelangelo’’s s WorkWork

Renaissance Renaissance RevolutionizRevolutioniz

es Artes Art

Raphael Advances Raphael Advances RealismRealism– Favorite work is the Favorite work is the

Madonna and ChildMadonna and Child– Famous WorkFamous Work

School of AthensSchool of Athens

– Died at the age of 37Died at the age of 37

*School of Athens - Raphael*School of Athens - Raphael

Renaissance Writers Change Renaissance Writers Change LiteratureLiterature

Renaissance WritersRenaissance Writers– *Used the VERNACULAR or *Used the VERNACULAR or

local language.local language.– Wrote with self-expression or Wrote with self-expression or

to portray the individuality of to portray the individuality of their subject matter.their subject matter.

– *One way in which the writers *One way in which the writers of the Renaissance were of the Renaissance were influenced by the writers of influenced by the writers of the “western” classical culture the “western” classical culture was that they emphasized the was that they emphasized the power of human reason.power of human reason.

Renaissance Writers Change Renaissance Writers Change LiteratureLiterature

Machiavelli Advises RulersMachiavelli Advises Rulers– Father of Modern Political ThoughtFather of Modern Political Thought– Wrote the Wrote the ““Il PrinceIl Prince””

Outlines how a ruler can gain power, Outlines how a ruler can gain power, keep it, and control enemies.keep it, and control enemies.

Thought rulers should be shrewd & Thought rulers should be shrewd & deceitfuldeceitful

*Effective rulers are feared by their *Effective rulers are feared by their subjectssubjects

*Advises that a wise ruler is one who *Advises that a wise ruler is one who does what is necessary to stay in does what is necessary to stay in powerpower

– ““The end justifies the means.The end justifies the means.””

*Political Impact of the *Political Impact of the RenaissanceRenaissance

*State is supreme over the church*State is supreme over the church *New monarchs assert control over *New monarchs assert control over

national churchesnational churches *Machiavelli has an impact*Machiavelli has an impact

Quick ReviewQuick Review

1.1. How did Italian city-states gain wealth during the How did Italian city-states gain wealth during the Renaissnace?Renaissnace?

2.2. Curiosity about the world outside of Europe was Curiosity about the world outside of Europe was typical of the era of the Renaissance because?typical of the era of the Renaissance because?

3.3. In what ways did Renaissance architecture differ In what ways did Renaissance architecture differ from Gothic architecture?from Gothic architecture?

4.4. What is humanism? What is humanism?

5.5. One of the major goals of the Renaissance was to One of the major goals of the Renaissance was to study and imitate what cultures?study and imitate what cultures?

6.6. How were the writers of the Renaissance influenced How were the writers of the Renaissance influenced by writers of the “western” classical cultures?by writers of the “western” classical cultures?

7.7. What is the political impact of the Renaissance?What is the political impact of the Renaissance?

8.8. How is an effective rulers viewed by their How is an effective rulers viewed by their subjects?subjects?

9.9. Define vernacularDefine vernacular

10.10. One of the major characteristics of the One of the major characteristics of the Renaissance in Europe was what given a Renaissance in Europe was what given a greater emphasis?greater emphasis?

11.11. What impact did Leonardo da Vinci have on What impact did Leonardo da Vinci have on the scientific thinking world?the scientific thinking world?

12.12. Where did the Renaissance begin?Where did the Renaissance begin?

13.13. How does Machiavelli advise ruler to stay in How does Machiavelli advise ruler to stay in power?power?

14.14. What is the new artistic technique used What is the new artistic technique used during the Renaissance that showed during the Renaissance that showed dimension?dimension?