Chapter 17: Retirement Planning Garman/Forgue Personal Finance Tenth Edition PPT slide program prepared by Amy Forgue and Ray Forgue.

Chapter 17:Retirement Planning

Garman/Forgue

Personal FinanceTenth Edition

PPT slide program prepared by Amy Forgue and Ray Forgue.

Copyright ©Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 17 - 2

Introduction

A comfortable retirement takes planning:

Invest early. Invest regularly. Use tax-sheltered accounts. Diversify.


Your Next Five Years

In the next five years:

1. Save continuously within a tax-sheltered employer-sponsored retirement plan at least the amount required to obtain the full matching contribution from your employer.



2. Start saving early in life by diversifying through mutual funds and limit company stock to no more than 10 percent of your portfolio.

3. Accept enough risk to increase the likelihood that you will have enough money in retirement.



4. Contribute to Roth IRA and traditional IRA accounts to supplement your employer-sponsored plans.

5. Keep your hands off your retirement money. Do not borrow it. Do not withdraw it. When changing employers, roll over the funds into the new employer’s plan or a rollover IRA account.


Learning Objective #1

Recognize that you are solely responsible for funding your retirement and must sacrifice some current spending and invest for your future lifestyle.


Retirement Planning Is Your Responsibility

Retirement: The time in life when the major sources of income changed from earned income to employer-based retirement benefits, private savings and investments, Social Security, etc.

Figure 17.1: Sources of Retirement Income


Concept Check 17.1

Summarize how retirement planning has changed in recent years and has now become each individual’s responsibility.

List the financial planning actions that individuals must take during their working life to prepare for retirement.

Comment on the cost of delaying saving for retirement.




Estimate your Social Security retirement income benefit.


Understanding Your Social Security Retirement Income Benefits

FICA Taxes: Social Security taxes withheld from wages to support income payments. 6.2 percent of your employment income

up to maximum taxable yearly earnings (or MTYE) for retirement, disability and survivor benefits

Medicare Taxes: 1.45 percent of your employment income


Understanding Your Social Security Retirement Income Benefits

How you can become qualified for Social Security benefits: Social Security Credits are earned for

every $1090 (2010) in income for up to 4 per year.

Being fully insured for retirement requires 40 credits.


How to Estimate Your Social Security Retirement Benefits

Indexing: adjusting earnings to account for changes in wages since the year the earnings were received.

Basic Retirement Benefit (or Primary Insurance Amount)

Full-benefit retirement age: 67 for those born after 1960



1. Begin receiving benefit at your full-benefit age.

2. Begin receiving reduced benefits at a younger age; 62 is the earliest.

3. Begin receiving larger benefits at a higher age.



Check the accuracy of your Social Security statement.

Errors can only be corrected within 3 years.

Concept Check 17.2

Summarize how workers become qualified for Social Security benefits.

Distinguish between the benefits provided under Social Security for a worker who is fully insured and a worker who is currently insured.


Concept Check 17.2

How is the dollar amount of one’s Social Security benefit determined?

Explain what happens if you choose to retire earlier than your full retirement age, which is probably 67.




Calculate your estimated retirement savings needs in today’s dollars.


How to Calculate Your Estimated Retirement Needs in Today’s Dollars

Retirement Savings Goal (or Retirement Nest Egg)

Build your nest egg during your working years and live off of it during retirement. How long will you work? How long will you live?


How to Calculate Your Estimated Retirement Needs in Today’s Dollars

Projecting your annual retirement expenses and income. Projected expenses Current nest egg Additional deposits needed

Concept Check 17.3

List the steps in the process of estimating your retirement savings goal in today’s dollars.

In the text example, what can Erik do to save more for his retirement?

Give your impression of the idea of buying retirement on the “layaway plan”.




Understand why you should save for retirement within tax-sheltered retirement accounts.


Why Invest in Tax-Sheltered Retirement Accounts?

Funds put into regular investment accounts are after-tax money.

A tax-sheltered retirement accounts is one for which contributions are not subject to income taxes.



Your contributions may be tax deductible, i.e. pretax money.

Your earnings are tax-deferred.

You can accumulate more money by delaying taxes.



You have ownership and portability.

You withdrawals might be tax free, i.e. withdrawals are never taxed. This is the case for “Roth” type accounts.

Concept Check 17.4

Distinguish between after-tax money put into investments and pretax money.

Give your impression of the logic of the “net pay” numbers of participating 401(k) plan.

Explain what is meant by tax-sheltered investment growth on money contributed to qualified retirement accounts.




Distinguish among the types of employer-sponsored and personally established tax-sheltered retirement plans.


Employer-Sponsored Retirement Plans

Employer-sponsored retirement plans (or Qualified Plans)

Employee retirement income security Act (or ERISA)



Defined-contribution retirement plan: today’s standard.

A plan can be either a noncontributory plan or a contributory plan.

Benefits are based on the success of the investments made with the funds.



Types of defined-contribution retirement plans: 401(k) Plans (with Roth versions) 403(b) Plans (with Roth versions) 457 Plans Savings Incentive Match Plan for

Employees IRA (SIMPLE IRA)



Matching contributions: employers fully or partially match employee contributions

Limits on contributions: $16,500 for 401(k), 403(b), and 457; $11,500 for SIMPLE IRAs (in 2009 with annual increase for inflation).



Catch-up provision: Workers over the age of 50 can contribute and extra $5000 to retirement plan.

Vesting gives you rights to your benefits. Cliff vesting Graduated vesting



Retirement plan contribution tax credit for low-income and moderate-income savers.

For singles with adjusted gross incomes of less the $25,000 and joint filers with adjusted gross incomes less than $50,000.



How Manage Retirement Money When Leaving an Employer Leave it Transfer it to a new employer or a

rollover IRA. Take all or part and pay any taxes and

penalties.

Avoid the 20 Percent Withholding Rule by using a trustee-to-trustee rollover.



Defined-benefit retirement plans are yesterday’s standard; A.K.A. Pension

Defined-benefit plans are totally employer funded.

Benefits are based on a formula using salary and years worked for the employer.



Normal or early retirement?

Disability and survivors benefits


Additional Employer-Sponsored Plans

Cash-balance plan is a hybrid plan with features of a defined-benefit plan and aspects of a defined-contribution plan.


Additional Employer-Sponsored Plans

Employee stock-ownership plan (or ESOP)

Profit-sharing plan


Withdrawing Retirement Money Early

Penalty-Free Withdrawals Early retirement at age 55 with penalties

waived if you agree to IRS withdrawal rate. Certain expenses for medical, college or

home buying are allowed from IRA accounts. Account loans are available from certain

employer-based accounts but must repaid when leaving employment to avoid penalties.


Withdrawing Retirement Money Early

Negative Impacts of Early Withdrawals Taxes must be paid (except for Roth

accounts) Penalties may be assessed; 10 percent. Your investments stop growing.


You Can Also Contribute to Personal Retirement Accounts

Individual Retirement Account (or IRA) Traditional (or regular) IRA Roth IRAs

Keoghs and Simplified Employee Pension-Individual Retirement Account (SEP-IRAs)

Concept Check 17.5

Summarize the main differences between defined-contribution and defined-benefit pension plans.

Explain why defined-contribution retirement plans are called self-directed.

Offer your impressions of working for an employer that offers a sizable matching contribution compared with one that does not.


Concept Check 17.5

List three differences between a traditional IRA and a Roth IRA.

List three negative impacts of withdrawing money early from a tax-sheltered retirement account.




Make use of professional investment advisors and Monte Carlo simulations when deciding on how to invest for retirement.


Use Financial Advice and Monte Carlo Simulations

When starting out, try investing in a low-fee target-date retirement fund.

Use Monte Carlo simulations to help guide retirement investment decisions.

Figure 17.2: Monte Carlo Simulation from Financial Engines


Concept Check 17.6

Do you visualize yourself as a “do-it-yourself” or as a “hands-off” type of investor of retirement funds? Tell why.

Summarize the importance of low-cost mutual fund fees to long-term investing success.

Offer some impressions of Monte Carlo simulations as a tool to use in retirement planning.




Describe techniques for living in retirement without running out of money.


Living in Retirement Without Running Out of Money

Figure out how many years your money will last in retirement and make monthly withdrawals accordingly.

Buy an annuity (or immediate annuity) with some of your nest-egg and receive monthly checks. There are immediate, deferred, and

variable annuities. Often offered by employers

Table 17.4: How Long Will the Retirement Money Last?

The odds your funds will last:

Withdrawal Rate 20 yrs. 30 yrs. 40 yrs.

3% 99% 99% 93%

4% 99% 86% 68%

5% 93% 67% 41%

6% 74% 35% 18%



Living in Retirement Without Running Out of Money

What retirement money to spend first:

1. Taxable Assets

2. Tax-Deferred Assets

3. Tax-Free Assets

Concept Check 17.7

Use Appendix A.4 to calculate how much could be withdrawn each year form a $900,000 retirement nest egg earning 5 percent if you wanted the nest egg to last 20 years? How much less could be withdrawn so that the nest egg lasts 25 years?


Concept Check 17.7

Offer some positive and negative observations on the wisdom of buying an annuity with all or some of your retirement nest egg money when you retire.



The Top 3 Financial Missteps In Retirement Planning

People slip up in investing in retirement planning when they do the following:

1. Starting to save for retirement in their thirties, or worse, their forties.2. Putting away too little money.3. Using mutual funds with high-expense ratios for their 401(k) or IRA accounts.


Do It NOW!

Wise financial planners begin saving for retirement right away after beginning their careers. Start today by:

1. Calculating your retirement savings amount at both age 60 and 67 based on your projected income following graduation.


Do It NOW!

2. Deciding tentatively whether you would invest retirement savings in an employer-sponsored plan or a personally established tax-sheltered retirement account.

3. Thinking about the types of mutual funds you will use to invest for retirement as mutual funds will be the primary sources available to you.

Chapter 17: Retirement Planning Garman/Forgue Personal Finance Tenth Edition PPT slide program prepared by Amy Forgue and Ray Forgue.

Documents

learning objective

retirement money

social security taxes

income payments

major sources of income

employersponsored plans

roth ira

traditional ira accounts