Chapter 17 Reconstruction and the New South (1865-1896) Section 3 The South During Reconstruction.

Chapter 17 Reconstruction and the New South (1865-1896)

Section 3 The South During Reconstruction

A. A

B. B

In your opinion, should President Johnson have been removed from office?

A. Yes

B. No

0%0%

In what ways did government in the Southern states change during Reconstruction?

African Americans in Government• African American voters

played an important role in Reconstruct

• Contributing to Republican victories in the South

• Some African Americans were able to win seats as elected officials

• In South Carolina, African Americans held a majority in the lower house of the legislature

• In other states, African Americans held important positions, but never in proportion to their numbers

At the National Level• 16 African Americans served in

the House of Representatives (1869-1880)

• 2 African Americans served in the Senate (1869-1880)

• One was Hiram Revels-Hiram Revels- an ordained minister

• Revels had recruited African Americans for the Union army

• He also started a school for freed African Americans in Missouri

• He also served as chaplain of an African American regiment in Mississippi

• Revels stayed in Mississippi and was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1870

Blanche K. BruceBlanche K. Bruce• The other African

American senator• Also from Mississippi• A former escaped

slave• Taught in a school for

African Americans in Missouri

• In 1869 he went to Mississippi, entered politics, and was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1874

Scalawags and Carpetbaggers• Some Southern whites

backed the Republicans• Former Confederates called

them scalawagsscalawags (scoundrel or worthless rascal)

• Some Northern whites moved to the South after the war and supported the Republican party

• Critics called these Northerners carpetbaggerscarpetbaggers

• Some were dishonest, but many were reformers who wanted to help the South

• Many Southerners accused the Reconstruction governments of corruptioncorruption

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

A B

C

D

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Southern whites who supported Republicans were called

A. scalawags

B. sharecroppers

C. carpetbaggers

D. freedmen

Resistance to Reconstruction• Most Southerners

opposed efforts to expand African Americans’ rights

• Most white landowners refused to rent land to freed people

• Store owners refused them creditcredit and employers would not hire them

• Secret societies, such as the Ku Klux Klan, used fear and violence to deny rights to freed men and women

• The KKK wore white sheets and hoods

The KKK• Klan members killed 1000s of

African Americans and their white friends

• Wounded many more• Burned African American

homes, schools, and churches• Many southerners, especially

planters and the Democrats, back the KKK

• They saw violence as a defense against Republican rule

• 1870 and 1871- Laws were passed to stop the violence of the Klan

• But most Southerners refused to testify against those who attacked African Americans and their white supporters

Education• During Reconstruction, African

Americans created their own schools

• The Freedmen’s Bureau also helped spread education

• 1870s- Reconstruction governments created public schools for both races

• Within a few years about 50% of white children and 40% of African American children in the South were enrolled

• Northern missionary societies set up academiesacademies

• These academies grew into African American colleges and universities

• Fisk University in Tennessee and Morehouse College in Georgia

• Only a few states required that schools be integratedintegrated, but the laws were not enforced

Farming• Some African Americans

purchased land with the help of the Freedmen’s Bank

• Most were unable to get land• The most common form of

farmwork for freed people was sharecroppingsharecropping

• A landowner rented a plot of land to a sharecropper

• An a crude shack, some seeds, and tools (also maybe a mule)

• In return, sharecroppers shared a percentage of their crops with the landowners

• After paying the landowner, sharecroppers often had little left to sell

• For many, sharecropping was little better than slavery

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D A B

C

D

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What was the relationship between sharecroppers and landowners?

A. Landowners owned sharecroppers.

B. Landowners sold small parcels of land to sharecroppers.

C. Sharecroppers rented a parcel of land from a landowner.

D. Sharecroppers worked the landowner’s land for asmall annual salary.

In what ways did government in the Southern states change during Reconstruction?

-Before the Civil War, only whites could vote or hold office in the South

- During Reconstruction, African American men gained these rights

-African American voters mostly supported Republicans, helping Radical Republicans take control of Southern state governments

-Several African Americans were elected to office

Chapter 17 Section 3 Quiz

African American voters were supporters of the Republican Party.

Tru

e

Fal

se

50%50%A. True

B. False

Hiram Revels was a plantation owner.

Tru

e

Fal

se

50%50%A. True

B. False

A carpetbagger was a poor person from the South who tried to make money in the North.

Tru

e

Fal

se

50%50%A. True

B. False

Many Democrats supported the actions of the Ku Klux Klan.

Tru

e

Fal

se

50%50%A. True

B. False

The Freedmen's Bank lent money to help African Americans buy land.

Tru

e

Fal

se

50%50%A. True

B. False

Southern whites who supported Republican policy throughout Reconstruction were

called

car

petbag

gers.

Rep

ublic

an h

osta

ges.

sca

law

ags.

free

dmen

.

25% 25%25%25%A. carpetbaggers.

B. Republican hostages.

C. scalawags.

D. freedmen.

Northerners who moved to the South and supported the Republicans were called

car

petbag

gers.

Rep

ublic

an h

osta

ges.

sca

law

ags.

free

dmen

.

25% 25%25%25%A. carpetbaggers.

B. Republican hostages.

C. scalawags.

D. freedmen.

One way some Southerners made life difficult for freed African Americans was to

kee

p them

from

hol

di..

kee

p them

out

of s

ch...

refu

se to

giv

e th

em w

...

supply

them

with

dis

...

25% 25%25%25%A. keep them from holding government positions.

B. keep them out of schools.

C. refuse to give them work.

D. supply them with diseased food.

What did Southerners who had the most to gain from the reestablishment of white supremacy see

as a defense against Republican rule?

votin

g rig

hts

vio

lence

cooper

atio

n

Dem

ocrat

ic P

arty

25% 25%25%25%A. voting rights

B. violence

C. cooperation

D. Democratic Party

What did African Americans find to be little better than slavery?

inte

gratio

n

mov

ing

to th

e North

shar

ecro

pping

land

owner

ship

25% 25%25%25%A. integration

B. moving to the North

C. sharecropping

D. land ownership

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