Chapter 17 Becoming a World Power Section 1 The Imperialist Vision.

Chapter 17Chapter 17Becoming a World PowerBecoming a World Power

Section 1 Section 1

The Imperialist VisionThe Imperialist Vision

Building Support for Building Support for ImperialismImperialism• Beginning in the Beginning in the

1880s Americans 1880s Americans attitudes changed attitudes changed as a result of as a result of economic and economic and military competition military competition from other nations from other nations and a growing and a growing feeling of cultural feeling of cultural superiority.superiority.

A Desire for New MarketsA Desire for New Markets

• ImperialismImperialism is the economic and is the economic and political domination of a strong political domination of a strong nation over weaker nations.nation over weaker nations.

• Several European nations were Several European nations were expanding their power overseas, a expanding their power overseas, a development known as New development known as New Imperialism.Imperialism.

• One reason was their dependence on One reason was their dependence on raw materials from all over the world.raw materials from all over the world.

A Desire for New MarketsA Desire for New Markets

• To protect their investments, To protect their investments, European nations exerted control European nations exerted control over territories where they had over territories where they had invested capital and sold products.invested capital and sold products.

• Some areas became colonies, others Some areas became colonies, others became became protectorates.protectorates.

ProtectoratesProtectorates

• In a protectorate, the imperial power In a protectorate, the imperial power allowed local rulers to remain in allowed local rulers to remain in control while protecting them against control while protecting them against rebellion and invasion.rebellion and invasion.

• In return local rulers had to accept In return local rulers had to accept advice from the Europeans on how to advice from the Europeans on how to govern their country.govern their country.

A Feeling of SuperiorityA Feeling of Superiority

• *Don’t Write**Don’t Write*• Americans wanted to develop Americans wanted to develop

overseas markets to keep the overseas markets to keep the economy strong. economy strong.

• Social Darwinists argued that as Social Darwinists argued that as nations competed, only the strongest nations competed, only the strongest would survive.would survive.

• Americans used these ideas to justify Americans used these ideas to justify expanding American power overseas.expanding American power overseas.

A Feeling of SuperiorityA Feeling of Superiority

• John Fiske – wrote John Fiske – wrote about “Anglo-about “Anglo-Saxinism”, the idea Saxinism”, the idea that the English-that the English-speaking nations had speaking nations had superior character, superior character, ideas, and systems of ideas, and systems of government and were government and were destined to dominate destined to dominate the planet. the planet.

Quoted in Quoted in Expansionists of Expansionists of 18981898• ““The work which the English race began The work which the English race began

when it colonized North America is when it colonized North America is destined to go on until every land…that destined to go on until every land…that is not already the seat of an old is not already the seat of an old civilization shall become English in its civilization shall become English in its language, in its religion, in political language, in its religion, in political habits and traditions, and to a habits and traditions, and to a predominant extent in the blood of its predominant extent in the blood of its people.”people.”

A Feeling of SuperiorityA Feeling of Superiority

• Josiah Strong Josiah Strong linked missionary linked missionary work to Anglo-work to Anglo-Saxonism, Saxonism, convincing many convincing many Americans to Americans to support support imperialism.imperialism.

Expansion in the PacificExpansion in the Pacific

• Americans hoped to expand trade to Americans hoped to expand trade to China & Japan, but Japan only China & Japan, but Japan only allowed trade with the Chinese & allowed trade with the Chinese & Dutch.Dutch.

• 1852 Pres. Franklin Pierce ordered 1852 Pres. Franklin Pierce ordered Commodore Matthew C. Perry to Commodore Matthew C. Perry to travel to Japan to negotiate a trade travel to Japan to negotiate a trade treaty.treaty.

Perry Opens JapanPerry Opens Japan

• 1854, impressed 1854, impressed by American by American technology and technology and power, Japan power, Japan signed a treaty signed a treaty opening two ports opening two ports to American trade.to American trade.

Annexing HawaiiAnnexing Hawaii

• During an 1872 recession in Hawaii, During an 1872 recession in Hawaii, the U.S. exempted Hawaiian sugar the U.S. exempted Hawaiian sugar from tariffs.from tariffs.

• Treaty came up for renewal and Treaty came up for renewal and Senate insisted Hawaii give U.S. Senate insisted Hawaii give U.S. exclusive rights to a naval base at exclusive rights to a naval base at Pearl Harbor. Pearl Harbor.

• Treaty led to a boom in the Hawaiian Treaty led to a boom in the Hawaiian sugar industry.sugar industry.

Annexing HawaiiAnnexing Hawaii

• 1891 – Queen 1891 – Queen Liliuokalani became Liliuokalani became queen of Hawaii.queen of Hawaii.

• 1893 – group of 1893 – group of planters, supported planters, supported by Marines forced the by Marines forced the queen to give up her queen to give up her power.power.

• U.S. then annexed U.S. then annexed the islands.the islands.

Trade & Diplomacy in Latin Trade & Diplomacy in Latin AmericaAmerica

• Late 1800s, the U.S. wanted to Late 1800s, the U.S. wanted to increase its influence in L.A. by increase its influence in L.A. by increasing the sale of American increasing the sale of American products.products.

Trade & Diplomacy in Latin Trade & Diplomacy in Latin AmericaAmerica

• Sec of St. James G. Blaine Sec of St. James G. Blaine led early efforts to led early efforts to expand American expand American influence in Latin influence in Latin America.America.

• He proposed the idea He proposed the idea that the U.S. and L.A. that the U.S. and L.A. work together in what work together in what became known as Pan-became known as Pan-Americanism.Americanism.

Pan-American ConferencePan-American Conference

• 1889 in Washington, D.C.1889 in Washington, D.C.

• Goals: (which were both rejected)Goals: (which were both rejected)– Create a customs union between L.A. Create a customs union between L.A.

and the U.S.and the U.S.– Create a system for American nations to Create a system for American nations to

work out their disputes peacefully.work out their disputes peacefully.

Organization of American Organization of American States (OAS)States (OAS)

• Latin Americans agreed to create the Latin Americans agreed to create the Commercial Bureau of the American Commercial Bureau of the American Republics, an organization that Republics, an organization that worked to promote cooperation worked to promote cooperation among nations of the Western among nations of the Western Hemisphere.Hemisphere.

Building a Modern NavyBuilding a Modern Navy

• Americans were willing to risk war to Americans were willing to risk war to defend American interests overseas.defend American interests overseas.

• This led to support for a large This led to support for a large modern navy.modern navy.

Alfred MahanAlfred Mahan

• Published lectures in a Published lectures in a book called book called The Influence The Influence of Seapower Upon of Seapower Upon History, 1660-1783History, 1660-1783..

• Suggests that a nation Suggests that a nation needs a large navy to needs a large navy to protect its merchant protect its merchant ships & defend its right ships & defend its right to trade with other to trade with other countries.countries.

• Felt it necessary to Felt it necessary to acquire territory for naval acquire territory for naval bases.bases.

Henry Cabot LodgeHenry Cabot Lodge

• Senators Lodge & Senators Lodge & Albert J. Beveridge, Albert J. Beveridge, pushed for construction pushed for construction of a new navy.of a new navy.

• By late 1890s, U.S. was By late 1890s, U.S. was one of the top-ranked one of the top-ranked naval powers in world.naval powers in world.

• Spring 1898, war began Spring 1898, war began b/w Spain & the U.S.b/w Spain & the U.S.

End of Section 1End of Section 1

Next: Section 2 Next: Section 2

The Spanish-American WarThe Spanish-American War