Chapter 16: trade

Chapter 16: tradeChapter 16: tradeMichael PickettMichael Pickett

Sydney Le CrasSydney Le Cras

Dana GreenDana Green

Nathan TuckerNathan Tucker

Jaehyeong LeeJaehyeong Lee

The west first outreach colon The west first outreach colon maritime powermaritime power

• Beginnings of European KnowledgeBeginnings of European Knowledge• CrusadesCrusades

• Islamic world, wealth and superior goodsIslamic world, wealth and superior goods• MongolMongol

• Trade exchanges with civilizationTrade exchanges with civilization

• Spurs to discover trade route to Asia around Spurs to discover trade route to Asia around Middle EastMiddle East• upper class was used to the goods of Asiaupper class was used to the goods of Asia

• Lack of gold to pay for goodsLack of gold to pay for goods• Fear of the Ottoman EmpireFear of the Ottoman Empire

• DisadvantagesDisadvantages• Belief in flat worldBelief in flat world• Wrong types of shipsWrong types of ships

New TechnologyNew Technology

• New Technology Helps Trade New Technology Helps Trade • New ships for Europe!New ships for Europe!• ExplosivesExplosives• Better armyBetter army• Metal workingMetal working

blogs.ign.com

pixelparadox.com

Old Ships vs. New Ship

Portugal and Spain Portugal and Spain Lead the PackLead the Pack

• Henry the Navigator- Portuguese prince who sponsored Henry the Navigator- Portuguese prince who sponsored expeditionsexpeditions

• Ferdinand Magellan- Spanish, circumnavigates globeFerdinand Magellan- Spanish, circumnavigates globe

• Amerigo Vespucci- Spanish, America is not India Amerigo Vespucci- Spanish, America is not India

• PortugalPortugal• First couple attempts failed got to Cape of Good Hope and First couple attempts failed got to Cape of Good Hope and

stoppedstopped• Vasco da Gama Vasco da Gama

• Went all the way around cape of good hope and to IndiaWent all the way around cape of good hope and to India

• SpainSpain• Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus

• Italian but sailing for the Spanish Italian but sailing for the Spanish • Did not land in America exactly Did not land in America exactly

aisg7.pbworks.comnndb.com

zacsunderland.com

wilstar.com

Northern European Northern European Expeditions Expeditions

• Leaders in Exploration – Northern EuropeLeaders in Exploration – Northern Europe• France and EnglandFrance and England• Protestants in Britain and Holland – Rivaled Protestants in Britain and Holland – Rivaled

Catholic gainCatholic gain• Dutch and BritishDutch and British

• Improved the design of oceanic vesselsImproved the design of oceanic vessels

• Vied for dominance on the seasVied for dominance on the seas

• 1534: French Explorers first crossed the Atlantic 1534: French Explorers first crossed the Atlantic OceanOcean• Claimed CanadaClaimed Canada

• British turned their attention to North AmericaBritish turned their attention to North America• 1717thth century: Colonization of East Coast America century: Colonization of East Coast America

Northern European Northern European Expeditions Expeditions

• Trading CompaniesTrading Companies• Chartered by the Netherlands, Britain and FranceChartered by the Netherlands, Britain and France• Given Monopolies of tradeGiven Monopolies of trade

• Not vigorously supervised (by own states)Not vigorously supervised (by own states)

• Had rights to raise armies and coin money on their Had rights to raise armies and coin money on their ownown

• Acted like independent governments in the regions Acted like independent governments in the regions they claimedthey claimed

mapsofworld.com

planetware.com

The Columbian Exchange of The Columbian Exchange of Disease and FoodDisease and Food

• DiseaseDisease• Native American exposed to new diseases=lots Native American exposed to new diseases=lots

of deathof death• Native American death gives advantage to Native American death gives advantage to

European settlersEuropean settlers

• FoodFood• New World crops popular in Old WorldNew World crops popular in Old World• Animals from Old World raised in New WorldAnimals from Old World raised in New World

The West's Commercial The West's Commercial OutreachOutreach

• Europe had most power in oceanic tradeEurope had most power in oceanic trade

• Europe established harbors throughout Europe established harbors throughout African and Asian coastsAfrican and Asian coasts

• Europeans had special influence through Europeans had special influence through enclaves in existingenclaves in existing

asij.ac.jp mrdowling.com

Imbalances in world Imbalances in world tradetrade

• World economic systems proved to be highly World economic systems proved to be highly durable-Coercive labor systems spread          durable-Coercive labor systems spread          • *Dependent economies relied on cheap *Dependent economies relied on cheap

production of unprocessed goods.production of unprocessed goods.

A system of international A system of international inequalityinequality

• Active world trade emerged from the Active world trade emerged from the European nation          * It lacked a European nation          * It lacked a commercial banking system; couldn't support commercial banking system; couldn't support full commercial tradefull commercial trade

• - Tariff policies discouraged manufacturing in - Tariff policies discouraged manufacturing in colonial areas- Beyond Europe other areas colonial areas- Beyond Europe other areas that were meshed in the worlds economy that were meshed in the worlds economy produced low cost goodsproduced low cost goods

• - Africa produced slaves- Africa produced slaves

How Much world in the How Much world in the world economy?world economy?

• Many countries left out (hehe) i.e. India, Ottoman, Many countries left out (hehe) i.e. India, Ottoman, Safavid, and African.Safavid, and African.• Did not evolve as rapidly as core countriesDid not evolve as rapidly as core countries• Not a problem (till 18Not a problem (till 18thth century) century)

• China participated less, still grew.China participated less, still grew.• Took gun invention, nothing else.Took gun invention, nothing else.• Used coastal navy to keep Europeans in check.Used coastal navy to keep Europeans in check.• Europeans hated China for its backwardness.Europeans hated China for its backwardness.

• Europe tried to copy Chinese goods, mostly Europe tried to copy Chinese goods, mostly unsuccessful.unsuccessful.

• Japan considered Europeans bad influences. Japan considered Europeans bad influences. Instead of trading, they made their own guns.Instead of trading, they made their own guns.

The Expansionist TrendThe Expansionist Trend

• Expanded from a handful of countries to many.Expanded from a handful of countries to many.• South America, West Indies, North America, West AfricaSouth America, West Indies, North America, West Africa

• Late 17Late 17thth c. – India’s Mughal Empire falls apart. c. – India’s Mughal Empire falls apart.• British places tariff on Indian cotton to get more trade for British places tariff on Indian cotton to get more trade for

themselves.themselves.• India suffers countless miseries (poverty, hunger, etc.)India suffers countless miseries (poverty, hunger, etc.)

• India retained its regional economy, slowly started to India retained its regional economy, slowly started to decline.decline.

• Eastern Europe was sucked into the world economy.Eastern Europe was sucked into the world economy.• Exported grainsExported grains• Used bound laborers and serfs to produce foodUsed bound laborers and serfs to produce food• Similar to Latin America, government is much stronger, Similar to Latin America, government is much stronger,

though.though.

VocabularyVocabulary

• British East India Company – British East India Company – the Company in the 18the Company in the 18thth century century who mainly traded furs in North America.who mainly traded furs in North America.

• Ceylon – Ceylon – Old name for the country of Sri Lanka.Old name for the country of Sri Lanka.

• Columbian Exchange – Columbian Exchange – Exchange of wildlife and culture, plus Exchange of wildlife and culture, plus diseases, from the Eastern and Western hemispheres.diseases, from the Eastern and Western hemispheres.

• Henry the Navigator - Henry the Navigator - Portuguese prince, responsible for the Portuguese prince, responsible for the development of European exploration and maritime trade with development of European exploration and maritime trade with other continents.other continents.

• John Locke – John Locke – English philosopher who argued that people could English philosopher who argued that people could learn everything they needed to know through their senses and learn everything they needed to know through their senses and reason; faith was irrelevant.reason; faith was irrelevant.

• Vasco de Gama – Vasco de Gama – 11stst Count of Vidigueira, Portuguese explorer Count of Vidigueira, Portuguese explorer who commanded one of the first ships to sail from Europe to who commanded one of the first ships to sail from Europe to India.India.

• Vasco de Balboa – Vasco de Balboa – Establisher of first colony in the Americas, Establisher of first colony in the Americas, characterized as able but unscrupulous.characterized as able but unscrupulous.

• Christopher Columbus – Christopher Columbus – Italian navigator, who in the name of the new Italian navigator, who in the name of the new Spanish Monarchy, sailed to the west in search of India with the thought Spanish Monarchy, sailed to the west in search of India with the thought that the world was round.that the world was round.

• Treaty of Paris – Treaty of Paris – In 1763, settled the Seven Year War and lost France its In 1763, settled the Seven Year War and lost France its colony.colony.

• Amerigo Vespucci – Amerigo Vespucci – Italian explorer, navigator, and cartographer, is Italian explorer, navigator, and cartographer, is believed to be the origins of the name America (feminized Latin version of believed to be the origins of the name America (feminized Latin version of his first name).his first name).

• Ferdinand Magellan –Ferdinand Magellan – Leader of Spanish Expedition to the west in 1519, Leader of Spanish Expedition to the west in 1519, passing the tip of South America and across the Pacific to the Indonesian passing the tip of South America and across the Pacific to the Indonesian islands in 1521islands in 1521

• Boers – Boers – Dutch word for farmers, sent to Africa, caused a lot of fighting Dutch word for farmers, sent to Africa, caused a lot of fighting with the Bantu tribes and native peoples there.with the Bantu tribes and native peoples there.