Chapter 16 Designing Homes for Today’s Needs Housing & Design Winter 2013.

Chapter 16 Chapter 16 Designing Homes for Today’s Designing Homes for Today’s

Needs Needs

Housing & Design Housing & Design

Winter 2013 Winter 2013

How did William Penn’s plan How did William Penn’s plan for Philadelphia change the for Philadelphia change the

way urban communities were way urban communities were laid out? laid out? • Penn brought to the colonies a Penn brought to the colonies a

GRIDIRON design which meant GRIDIRON design which meant straight streets crossing one another straight streets crossing one another at right angles. at right angles.

• A goal of deliberate planning is often A goal of deliberate planning is often referred to as smart growth. referred to as smart growth.

• Haphazard planning results in traffic Haphazard planning results in traffic congestion, pollution and loss of congestion, pollution and loss of natural habitat and urban sprawl. natural habitat and urban sprawl.

What is the purpose of building What is the purpose of building laws & regulations? laws & regulations?

• To make sure growth is orderly and To make sure growth is orderly and neighborhoods are attractive, most neighborhoods are attractive, most towns and cities have passed laws towns and cities have passed laws regulating the use of land. regulating the use of land.

• Usually, these laws are created and Usually, these laws are created and enforced by a city council or another enforced by a city council or another local government body. local government body.

What are zoning laws? What are zoning laws?

• Laws that Laws that determine the type determine the type

of building that of building that may be may be

constructed in a constructed in a particular zone or particular zone or

section of a section of a community. community.

Name & describe 5 types of Name & describe 5 types of zones created by zoning laws zones created by zoning laws

• Restricted residential zoning = only single Restricted residential zoning = only single family homes may be built in this area family homes may be built in this area

• General residential zoning = apt. houses, General residential zoning = apt. houses, town houses, duplexes & some stores town houses, duplexes & some stores

• Commercial zoning = stores & office Commercial zoning = stores & office buildings buildings

• Industrial = factories & warehouses Industrial = factories & warehouses

• Greenbelts = parklands & farmlands = no Greenbelts = parklands & farmlands = no building / trusts building / trusts

List 7 ways building codes List 7 ways building codes regulate construction regulate construction

• Type & quality of building materials Type & quality of building materials

• Form of construction Form of construction

• Provisions for health, safety, and sanitation Provisions for health, safety, and sanitation

• Use of flammable materials Use of flammable materials

• Installation of fire exits where necessary Installation of fire exits where necessary

• Electrical work Electrical work

• Type/installation of plumbing, heating and Type/installation of plumbing, heating and ventilation systems ventilation systems

What do aesthetic codes What do aesthetic codes regulate? regulate?

• Codes that Codes that regulate the regulate the appearance of appearance of buildings in order buildings in order to maintain the to maintain the beauty & desired beauty & desired look of a certain look of a certain area (like a area (like a subdivision)subdivision)

What is a planning What is a planning commission? commission?

• Planning Planning Commissions Commissions usually offer usually offer general general recommendations recommendations about land about land development development within a within a community or town community or town

Planned Communities Planned Communities

• Planned Planned neighborhoods have neighborhoods have the layout, the type the layout, the type and appearance of and appearance of housing units, and housing units, and

the use of the the use of the surrounding land are surrounding land are

planned BEFORE planned BEFORE construction construction

Master Planned Master Planned Communities Communities

• A development A development that is virtually a that is virtually a

self-contained town self-contained town with community with community pools, recreation pools, recreation

centers, shopping, centers, shopping, schools and other schools and other services all in one services all in one

place place

What attracts some families to What attracts some families to cooperative housing cooperative housing

communities? communities? • These communities These communities

balance home balance home ownership with ownership with shared common shared common facilities such as a facilities such as a large dining room, large dining room, meeting rooms, rec meeting rooms, rec areas, workshops areas, workshops and child care. and child care. Common in Europe Common in Europe = builds trust = builds trust

Give 4 examples of lifestyle Give 4 examples of lifestyle changes that are reflected in changes that are reflected in

housing housing • Cellars = freezers & refrigerators Cellars = freezers & refrigerators

• Formal parlor = casual family room Formal parlor = casual family room

• Specialized rooms = open space and Specialized rooms = open space and multipurpose rooms multipurpose rooms

• Two – three stories = one level or Two – three stories = one level or split-level split-level

Name the 3 activity zones and Name the 3 activity zones and their purpose their purpose

• Private Zone = Private Zone = provides quiet, provides quiet, comfortable areas comfortable areas for sleeping, for sleeping, relaxing and relaxing and privacy for privacy for dressing and dressing and bathing bathing

Service Zone & Social Zone Service Zone & Social Zone • Service Zone = Service Zone =

where housework is where housework is done, like kitchen, done, like kitchen, laundry, workshop laundry, workshop or garage or garage

• Social Zone = Social Zone = Where people Where people gather, socialize gather, socialize and perform tasks, and perform tasks, such as such as reading/watching reading/watching TVTV

Open Floor Plan Open Floor Plan

• Few dividing wallsFew dividing walls

• Seems more Seems more spacious spacious

• Informal Informal

• Flexibility for Flexibility for entertaining entertaining

• Personal option Personal option

Closed Floor PlanClosed Floor Plan

• Rooms are self-Rooms are self-contained contained

• Separated rooms Separated rooms

• More traditional More traditional

• More formal More formal

• Throwback to Throwback to Victorian times Victorian times

Evaluating a Floor Plan Evaluating a Floor Plan

• One of most One of most important important

considerations = considerations = traffic patterntraffic pattern

• Convenience Convenience • Easy access Easy access • Economy of Economy of

construction construction • Number of levels Number of levels

Advantages of One-Level Advantages of One-Level Home Home

• All parts of the living All parts of the living area are easily area are easily accessible accessible

• No stairs = more No stairs = more usable space usable space

• Exterior maintenance Exterior maintenance = simpler = simpler

• More universal More universal appeal appeal

Disadvantages of One-Level Disadvantages of One-Level Home Home

• Uses up a lot of Uses up a lot of land land

• Increases the cost Increases the cost of the lot, of the lot, foundation and foundation and roof construction roof construction

4 Trends in Housing Design 4 Trends in Housing Design

• Front porches are coming back in Front porches are coming back in style as people make their style as people make their neighborhoods more friendly neighborhoods more friendly

• Using outdoor areas = decks, ponds, Using outdoor areas = decks, ponds, courtyards courtyards

• Laundry on the 2Laundry on the 2ndnd floor floor • Flexibility = universal design to fit Flexibility = universal design to fit

more changing lifestyles more changing lifestyles