Chapter 16 Depressio n
Jan 03, 2016
Chapter 16
Depression
Mood Disorders and Creativity
Two Major Categories of Mood Disorder
• Major depressive disorder (unipolar): Lengthy, uninterrupted periods of depressed mood.
• Manic depressive disorder (bipolar): Cycling between periods of elevated mood (mania) and depression.
• While sharing the common feature of depression, these are unique and separate disorders.
Major Depressive Disorder Symptoms• Depressed mood most of the time• Loss of pleasure in normally fun activities• Sleep disturbances• Eating disturbances• Lack of energy or restlessness• Difficulty concentrating• Feelings of hopelessness, worthlessness• Suicidal thoughts
Major Depressive Disorder is the “Common Cold” of Mental Disorders• As many as 12% of men and 21% of women may
experience major depressive disorder during their lifetimes.• Most patients with MDD
are women.– Prior to adolescence, boys
and girls are equally likely to experience depression.
– In adults, about 2/3 of patients with depression are female.
• Most patients experience 5–6 episodes during their lifetimes.
Bipolar Disorder• Periods of mania alternate with depression. • Mania is characterized by:
– Inflated self-esteem (grandiosity)– Reduced need for sleep– Talkativeness– Racing thoughts– Distractibility– Goal-oriented behavior– Excessive involvement in pleasurable activities
Risk FactorsGenetics: Concordance rate for mood disorders among identical and fraternal twins
Risk FactorsStress: The HPA Axis
Antidepressants• Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (nardil)
• Classic tricyclics (elavil)
• Selective reuptake inhibitors (prozac, zoloft, paxil)
• Atypical antidepressants (wellbutrin)
Therapies for Affective DisordersAcute and long-term effects of MAO-Is on synaptic function
Acuteeffects
Chroniceffects
Normal
Therapies for Affective DisordersTricyclic antidepressants
Therapies for Affective DisordersSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Therapies for Bipolar DisordersLithium
Theories on Affective Disordersmonoamine hypothesis
Theories on Affective Disordersglucocorticoid hypothesis
Neurochemical Bases of Mood DisordersEffect of stress and antidepressant treatment on BDNF in hippocampal cells