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Chapter 15 Section 1 Greek Mythology and Religion
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Anticipatory Set How are we united as a country? Laws Belief in
freedom Diversity Greeks never became unified to one state. They
lived apart from each other in city states and colonies The Greeks
became united by their Language Religion And traditional
stories
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Standards S.S. 6.4.4 Explain the significance of Greek
mythology to the everyday life of people in the region and how
Greek literature continues to permeate our literature and language
today, drawing from Greek mythology and epics, such as Homers Iliad
and The Odyssey, and from Aesops Fables. E-LA Reading 6.1.2
Identify and interpret figurative language and words with multiple
meanings.
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Objective Students will learn about the gods of ancient Greece,
as well as the significance of mythology and Homers epics in Greek
life.
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Language of the Discipline Deity Muse Mythology Homer Odysseus
Oracle
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Greek Religious Beliefs (Input) The Greeks were polytheists who
believed in many gods, or deities A deity is a being with
supernatural powers Greeks believed that gods and spirits were at
work all around them Unlike the gods we have seen in Egypt or
India, Greek deities looked like ordinary people They did not take
on the form of animals They did not have extra body parts Most
looked like attractive, athletic men or women
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The Gods of Mount Olympus (Input) The Greeks believed their
gods lived on Mount Olympus in northern Greece Zeus was the supreme
ruler of the gods and lord of the sky and god of rain His main
weapon is a thunderbolt This was used for those who displeased him
Hera, the wife of Zeus, protected married women and their
households Zeus had two brothers Poseidon (god of the sea) was
quarrelsome when he was angry and could make the earth shake and
seas churn
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The Gods of Mount Olympus (Input) Hades ruled the underworld.
He was greedy and was always looking for dead people to add to his
domain Other major gods Apollo- god of the arts, prophecy, and
healing Ares- the god of war Artemis- god of the woods and hunting
Aphrodite- goddess of love and beauty Demeter- god of farming and
harvest Eros- god of love Athena was the favorite deity of many
Greeks According to the myth she gave the Greeks the olive tree She
was the guardian of the city of Athens a a patron of crafts
(weaving and pottery)
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The Gods of Mount Olympus (Input) She helped in times of war
She was fierce and brave in battle She fought to protect the Greeks
from outside enemies Minor gods included Muses, a group of nine
sisters Gods inspired many poets, historians, scientists, and
musicians. Today the word muse is often used to refer to the
inspiration for a creative artist Museum originally meant the place
of the Muses
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Greek Mythology (Input) The Greeks based most of their
religious belief on their mythology Mythology is the collection of
stories that people tell about their history and their gods Greeks
used mythology to answer questions about the world around them
Myths explained changing seasons, trouble in the world, and human
behavior. It also included stories about heroes
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Greek Mythology (Input) Hercules Famous for amazing strength
and courage He was only half human His mother was human and his
father was Zeus Zeus did not protect Hercules from suffering Hera
casted a spell on Hercules that drove him mad and made him kill his
beloved wife and sons gods behaved like ordinary people They fell
in love They married They had children They celebrated They played
tricks They grew jealous and angry
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Homers Epics (Input) Two epic poems provided another source of
Greek religious beliefs The Iliad and the Odyssey told stories of
ancient times gods took a part in human affairs They were the work
of the poet Homer who lived in the eighth century B.C. His stories
may have been based on real events. Earlier stories had stated that
the Trojan war began with a quarrel among Hera, Athena, and
Aphrodite over who was the most beautiful During the war, some gods
sided with the Greeks, others with the Trojans
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Homers Epics (Input) After the war, different gods often
influenced the fate of Odysseus and his companions Homers epics
reflected the Greeks belief that the gods controlled much of their
loves They also portrayed human characters such as Odysseus as a
crafty and intelligent
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Religion in Everyday Life (Input) Greek myths and Homers epics
shaped the Greeks identify They saw little separation between the
gods and their own Public and private religious rituals were part
of everyday life Families had household shrines Public meetings
began with prayers and animal sacrifices Women participated in
these ceremonies even thought they could not participate in
government Each city-state built temples to their favorite deity
(sacrifices and asking favors happened)
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Festivals and Games (Input) Greeks honored the gods with
festivals and games Poets and musicians competed to offer the best
songs Contests were a feature of religious rituals Athletes
dedicated their skill and strength to the gods Boxing Wrestling
Running Throwing the javelin and discus Chariot and horse
races
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Festivals and Games (Input) Leading competitions brought
together athletes from many city-states City-states at war would
stop fighting Most of the competitions honored Zeus and the games
took place every 4 years at Olympia A huge gold ivory statue or
Zeus stood at the site Winners were given a wreath of leaves and
became heroes Often wealthy aristocrats supported these athletes
Cities awarded valuable gifts and free meals for life
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Sacred Places (Input) Many people believed that the gods lived
in Greece and therefore the landscape was sacred Groves of trees,
springs, and other places were thought to be the home to various
gods and spirits The Muses had many favorite mountains A great
temple to Apollo stood at Delphi, a religious center on Mount
Parnassus. They believed that a priestess names Delphic lived there
An oracle is a person who predicts what will happen in the
future
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Sacred Places (Input) People traveled to Delphi to ask the
priestess questions of the future The oracle was famous for
answering in puzzling statements that could be interpreted several
ways Tourists today no longer go to look for an oracle The Greek
religion died but the myths are still rad today and still hold
peoples interest
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Check for Understanding Please determine the BEST answer for
the following question. Please write your answer on your white
boards and wait for the teachers signal. On the teachers signal,
hold up your white boards.
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Checking for Understanding #1 Fill in the blank _______________
is the collection of stories that people tell about their history
and their gods. Mythology
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Checking for Understanding #2 Answer the following question.
How did the Greeks honor the gods publically? Festivals and
Games
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Checking for Understanding #3 Answer the following question.
What helped shape the Greeks identity or their idea of what it
meant to be Greek? Homers epics
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Guided Practice/Independent Practice Guided Practice Complete
questions 1 - 3 on the reading comprehension worksheet. Raise your
hand and wait to get stamped. If you received an R go to the back
table with Ms. Graham. Independent Practice Once you have been
stamped moved to independent practice and complete numbers 4 and 5
on the reading comprehension worksheet. Homework Note-taking guide
on the reverse side.