Chapter 15

CHAPTER 15Years of Crisis, 1919-1939

CHAPTER 15 OBJECTIVES • CHAPTER 15 OBJECTIVE

– SWBT analyze the economic, political, social, and scientific changes that brought the world to the brink of a second world war

_________________________________________• Monday, 2/11/13

– SWBT Identify and List contributions to various fields after WWI

– SWBT Identify key terms and explain their significance World Wide

– SWBT analyze the worldwide effects of the Great Depression

• Tuesday, 2/12/13– SWBT analyze the worldwide effects of the

Great Depression– SWBT Identify and explain Fascism and the

reasons for the rise of Fascist Mussolini– SWBT compare and contrast Fascism vs.

Communism

• Wednesday, 2/13/13– SWBT examine and understand Fascism and the

reasons for the rise of Fascist Mussolini• Thursday, 2/14/13

– SWBT create extended response explaining Mussolini’s rise to Fascism

– SWBT assess their knowledge on Fascism and the rise of Mussolini

• Tuesday, 2/19/13– SWBT construct notes in order to understand the

rise of Hitler and Nazism– SWBT analyze and evaluate the impact that Adolf

Hitler had on Germany• Wednesday, 2/20/13

– SWBT examine and analyze Primary Sources (Hitler’s Mein Kampf)

– SWBT understand Mein Kampf by collaborating their ideas with peers

• Thursday, 2/21/13– SWBT examine and understand the ideologies of

Nazism– SWBT Understand how and why aggressors

invade other nations before WWII

EXPANSION IN EUROPE, 1931-1939

AGGRESSORS

AGGRESSION IN ASIA, 1931-1937

JAPAN

AGGRESSION IN AFRICA, 1935

WHAT COUNTRIES WERE VULNERABLE TO ATTACK BY GERMANY??

• Poland• Czechoslovakia• Austria• Denmark• Netherlands• Belgium• Luxembourg • Switzerland• France

SO WHY POLAND? WHAT DOES GERMANY GAIN BY INVADING POLAND?

• What do you notice about East Prussia?– Part of Germany– Separated to Germany

by Poland

• Germany would also acquire Poland's land and resources

SECTION 1 AND 2

• With a partner, complete the following graph on the back of your notes:

Field Contributor #1

Contribution Contributor #2

Contribution

Science

Literature and Philosophy

Art and Music

Technology

Albert Einstein

Theory of Relativity

Sigmund Freud

Theories of Human Mind & Behavior

Franz Kafka, T.S.Eliot, W.B. Yeats

The Trial,The Castle,Loss of Spiritual values

FriedrichNietzsche

Urged ReturnOf Heroism

Arnold Schoenberg

Newer and lessTraditional Music

Paul Klee, Pablo Picasso

Expressionism,Surrealism, Cubism

Charles Lindbergh

InternationalAir-travel,33hrs

Auto Industries

Electric Start, Air-Filled Tires

THE GREAT DEPRESSION WORLDWIDE

A WORLDWIDE DEPRESSION

• Key Terms:1. Coalition Government2. Weimar Republic3. Great Depression4. Franklin D. Roosevelt5. New Deal

A. When no single party won a majority, this temporary alliance of several parties was needed to form a parliamentary majority. These coalitions usually never lasted long because of policy disagreements

B. A long business slump due to stock market crashing, unemployment, and industrial production, prices and wages declined

C. Large public works project implemented by President Roosevelt that helped to provide jobs for the unemployed

D. Germanys new democratic government set up in 1919. This new government had serious weaknesses from the start that led to its demise

E. United States President elected in 1932 to help get the country out of the depression

THE EFFECTS OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION WORLDWIDE

Great Depression

FASCISM REARS ITS HEAD IN EUROPE

Fascism - A new, militant political movement that emphasized loyalty to the state and obedience to its leader.

Benito Mussolini - A newspaper editor ad politician that boldly promised to Rescue Italy by reviving its economy and rebuilding its Armed forces.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=igXA4lAAykI&list=PLDB30E8C3A7675D36

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Vf_gUvPVUU

Rising Inflation Unemployment Failure to win Territorial gains at Paris PeaceConference

SOCIAL UNREST!Helpless democratic government+

++

=

Led 30,000 Fascists to march on Rome. Threatened widespread violence if the King did not put Mussolini in charge of the government

MUSSOLINI AND FASCISM

1. The classroom needs to be divided into 3 groups. 2. Each group is designated a section of the reading and the

questions. 3. The group NEEDS to designate or vote on a group reporter that

will share the answers with the rest of the class when asked to4. EVERYONE reads the first main paragraph that is marked5. Read your assigned section quietly to yourself, and then discuss

and answer your questions as a group (See note below)6. Once we come together as a class, we will then discuss and share

our answers (EVERYONE is accountable for knowing ALL answers; so YOU MUST pay attention)

***USE YOUR CORNELL NOTE PAGES TO ANSWER YOUR QUESTIONS!

THE RISE OF HITLER AND NAZISM

Nazism

Nationalist Socialist German Workers Party Tiny right-winged political group sharing beliefs that Germany had to overturn the Treaty of Versailles and combat CommunismNazi for short

The fascist policies of the NSGWP, based on totalitarianism, a belief in Racial superiority, and state control of industry

THE RISE OF HITLER AND NAZISMAdolf Hitler - Volunteered to fight for Germany in WWI;Awarded the Iron Cross twice for bravery- Inspired by Mussolini’s March on Rome; plotted to Seize power in Munich with Nazis; failed and sentencedTo prison for treason- Called Germans, “Aryans” and he declared that non-Aryan races such as Jews, Slavs, and Gypsies were inferior

- Enraged by the Treaty of Versailles and vowed to regain German Lands

- Believed that Germany was becoming over crowded and Needed more Lebensraum; or Living Space

This will give way towards the oppression of other “non-aryan” races

THE RISE OF HITLER AND NAZISM- Most ignored Hitler’s message until the effects of WHATStarted to set in, in Germany????

THE GREAT DEPRESSION

- Looking for a strong leader to turn too, Social Unrest in Germany Led to Hitler being named Chancellor of Germany after the Nazi Party becomes the LARGEST political party in Germany in 1932

“ By naming Hitler as Chancellor, you have delivered up our Holy Fatherland to one of the greatest rabble-rousers of allTime. I solemnly predict that this accursed man will plunge Our Reich into the abyss and bring our nation into inconceivable Misery

~ General Erich Ludendorff to President Hindenburg, 1933Hitler #1Hitler #2

HITLER VS. MUSSOLINI

• Do you think that Hitler and Mussolini are more alike? Or Different?

HITLER MUSSOLINI

RISE

GOALS

Depression; leading to socialUnrest; leading to peopleStriving for strong leader

Depression; leading to socialUnrest; leading to peopleStriving for strong leader

Revive the economy, Regain Territory lost, Revive Nationalism and Pride inGermany

Revive the economy, Regain Territory lost, Revive Nationalism and Pride inItaly

ADOLF HITLER, MEIN KAMPF (MY STRUGGLE)

1) Branch off into assigned teamsTeam 1 – Read “War Propaganda”Team 2 – Read “Causes of the Collapse”Team 3 – Read “Nation and Race”Team 4 – Read “Eastern Orientation or Policy”

2) After QUIETLY reading your section, largely write down (with your team) 3-4 key points that summarizes that section on the paper provided.

**WE WILL BE POSTING THESE ON THE WALL TO SHARE WITH CLASS!!! DON’T BE AFRAID TO ASK QUESTIONS!!!

NAZI IDEOLOGY The Gestapo – The Nazi Secret Police; used to force Germans into obedience

- Banned Strikes

- Dissolved independent labor unions- Gave government authority over business and labor

- Wanting to control every aspect of German life

- Turned the press, radio, literature, painting, and film into propaganda tools- Churches were forbidden to criticize the Nazi government

- Continuous struggle brought victory to the strong

TO REVIVE THE ECONOMY, HITLER and THE NAZIS…

- Putting millions to work: constructing factories, highways, manufacturing weapons

- Number of unemployed dropped from 6 million to 1.5 million in 1936

- Anti-Semitism: Hatred of Jews, blaming them for struggles

AGGRESSORS INVADE NATIONS- Just like elsewhere, the depression had struck in Japan causing Military leaders to take control of the country- Japanese militarists were extreme nationalists- Japan challenges the League of Nations and attacked Manchuria and then China 4 years later (1931-1937) See map- Mussolini and Italy invade Ethiopia in 1935; See Map- League of Nations did nothing - Great Britain allowed Italy to move troops and supplies throughThe Britain-controlled Suez Canal- League of Nations forbad Germany to enter the Rhineland (The Zone between Germany and France that acted as a buffer)- Hitler defied the Treaty of Versailles and entered anyway in 1936- Neither France or Britain were willing to enter another war, so Britain Urged APPEASEMENT; the giving in to an aggressor to keep peace- This showed Hitler how much Power and Prestige he had gained while Aligning himself with other AXIS POWERS; Italy, Japan, and Germany

- To demonstrate the effects of the depression on society, Spain wasAlso facing Social Unrest; leading to the rise of Fascism in Francisco Franco – Hitler and Mussolini aided this revolution