Chapter 15

Chapter 15

Rizal’s Second Sojourn in Paris and the Universal Exposition of 1889

R.D.L.M Society• Redencion de los Malayos (Redemption of the Malays) •founded by Rizal in Paris during the Universal Exposition of 1889• mentioned this Secret Society:

1. Rizal’s Letter to Jose Maria Basa (Paris, September 21, 1889)

2. Rizal’s Letter to Marcelo H. del Pilar (Paris, November 4, 1889)

• Dr Leoncio Lopez-Rizal – grandnephew of the hero• patterned after Freesmasonry• Trusted friends of Rizal (some members)• Gregorio Aguilera, Jose Ma. Basa, Julio Llorente, Marcelo

H. del Pilar, Mariano Ponce, Baldomero Roxas & Father Jose Maria Changco (Filipino priest)

•AIM: the propagation of all useful knowledge – scientific, artistic, literary, etc. – in the Philippines & the Redemption of the Malay Race

inspired by a famous book entitled Max Havelaar

(1860) written by Multatuli

R.D.L.M Society• Dr. Leoncio Lopez-Rizal • To have freedom of action to attain the

aims of R.D.L.M which means the Redemption of the Malay Race

• Novemeber 23, 1892 – Rizal’s writing to Blumentritt from Hongkong >>> revealed his intention to be a leader of FREEDOM, if not in the Philippines, then in other lands.• Provisions for Bornean colonization:• Right of the colonists to buy the lands• Free use of the seashores• Unusual long term of lease for 999 years• “a period of time long enough for many

generations to form a nation and to consolidate its status”

Map of BORNEO

Annotated Edition of Morga Published• Rizal’s outstanding achievement in Paris (1980)• wrote in the British Museum • printed by Garnier Freres•Professor Blumentritt – wrote the Prologue• Rizal’s errors:

1. Rizal commits the error of many historians in appraising the events of the past in the light of present standards

2. Rizal’s attacks on the church were unfair and unjustified because the abuses of the friars should not be construed to mean that Catholicism is bad.

• Rizal published Morga’s Sucesos = best of the many histories of the Philippines written by the early Spanish writers•Dedicated new edition of Morga to the Filipino people >> to know their glorious past : TO THE FILIPINOS (p.159)• Proved that Filipinos were already civilized before

the advent of Spain

BLUMENTRITT

Comment on Morga’s Publication Date

• “Paris, Libreria de Garnier Hermanos, 1890” – title page of Rizal’s annotated edition of Morga• Documentary evidence to show that Rizal’s edition of Morga must have come off the press in 1889 – not 1890. • 3 Letters:

• October 12, 1889 – Blumentritt received the edition (Leitmeritz)

• December 28, 1889 – Rizal sent copies to Dr. Baldomero Roxas from Paris to Lipa

• December 31, 1889 – Mariano Ponce received the book

• Incontrovertible proofs that Morga’s Sucesos came off the press in 1889.

MARIANO PONCE

Rizal as Historian• Rizal’s research studies in the British Museum

(London) and in the Bibliotheque Nationale (Paris) enriched his historical knowledge

• His knowledge of foreign languages enabled Rizal to read historical documents:• Pigafetta’s famous First Voyage Around the

World (Italian)• Works of Marsden, Raffles, Lord Stanley, and

Wallace (English)• Writings of Blumentritt, Jagor, and Virchow

(German)

• Historical Commentaries which qualify Rizal to be a real historian:• Ma-yi (December 6, 1888) and Tawalisi of Ibn

Batuta (January 7, 1889) (both written in London) JOSE RIZAL

The Philippines Within a Century

• Article in which he expressed his views on the Spanish colonization in the Philippines• Predicted with amazing accuracy the tragic end of Spain’s sovereignty in Asia• Parts:

• Beginning = glorious past of the Filipino people • Middle = economic stagnation and happiness under the harsh Spanish Rule• Last = peered into the future and warned Spain of what would happen to her

colonial empire in Asia if she would not adopt a more liberal & enlightened policy toward the Philippines

The Indolence of the Filipinos

• Essay• Defense of the alleged indolence of the

Filipinos• Critical study of the causes why the Filipinos

did not work hard during the Spanish regime• Main thesis: the Filipinos are not by nature

indolent

The Indolence of the Filipinos• 10 Causes of decline in economic life:1) Native revolts and other internal disorders2) Wars which the Filipinos fought for Spain (Dutch,

Portuguese, English, etc.)3) Raids on the coastal towns and village by the Muslim

pirates of Mindanao and Sulu4) Forced labor5) Lack of stimulus to work harder (people could not enjoy the

fruits of their labor)

The Indolence of the Filipinos

6) Government neglect and indifference (agriculture, industry, and commerce)

7) Bad example shown by Spaniards = despising manual labor

8) Teaching of Spanish missionaries9) Gambling10) System of Spanish education

International Association of Filipinologists

• Universal Exposition of 1889 (Paris)• Letter to Blumentritt – January 14, 1889• Prospectus: aim of the association – “to study

the Philippines from the scientific and historical point of view”

International Association of Filipinologists

• Officers:– President: Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt (Austrian)– Vice-President: Mr. Edmund Plauchut (French)– Counsellors:

Dr. Reinhold Rost (Anglo-German)Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor (Filipino-Spanish)

– Secretary: Dr. Jose Rizal (Filipino)

Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor

International Association of Filipinologists

• August 1889 (Paris) – scheduled holding of the inaugural convention

• Renowned scholars in Europe:– Dr. Reinhold Rost– Sir Henry Yule– Dr. Feodor Jagor– Dr. A.B. Meyer– Dr. H. Kern– Dr. Czepelak

Dr. Reinhold RostSir Henry Yule

Project for Filipino College in Hong Kong

• Planned by Rizal while still in Paris• To establish a modern college in Hong Kong• Jose Maria Basa• Aim: “to train and educate men of good family and financial

means in accordance with the demands of modern times and circumstances”

• Mr. Mariano Cunanan (Mexico, Pampanga) – 40,000 pesos (initial capital)

Project for Filipino College in Hong Kong

• Curriculum (Subjects):– Ethics– Religion– Natural Law– Civil Law– Deportment– Hygiene– Mathematics– Physics and Chemistry– Natural History– Geography

Project for Filipino College in Hong Kong

• Curriculum (Subjects):– Political Economy– Universal History– Philippine History– Logic, Rhetoric, and Poetics– Spanish– English– French– German– Chinese– Tagalog

Project for Filipino College in Hong Kong

• Curriculum (Subjects):– Gymnastics– Equitation– Fencing– Swimming– Music– Drawing– Dancing

“Por Telefono”• La Vision del Fray Rodiguez

– Fray Jose Rodriguez• Por Telefono (Barcelona, 1889)

– Fr. Salvador Font (banning of Noli)• Mariano Ponce• August 13, 1889• “Dimas Alang”• Telephone conversation between Fr. Font (Madrid) and the

father provincial (San Agustin Convent-Manila)

Christmas in Paris

• December 25, 1889• Jose Albert• Capitan Justo Trinidad• Christmas dinner: fried chicken, rice,

and vegetables• Rizal’s last Christmas dinner in Paris• After New Year – brief visit to London

(unknown purpose)

Christmas in Paris

• 2 theoretical reasons:1)To check up his annotated edition of Morga’s

Sucesos with the original copy in the British Museum; and

2)To see Gertrude Beckett for the last time• Middle of January 1890 – back in Paris

Jose Maria Basa

Jose Albert

Mariano Ponce

Chapter 16In Belgian Brussels (1890)

Chapter 16 On January 28, 1890, Rizal left Paris for Brussels, capital of

Belgium.

Two reasons why Rizal left Paris:• The cost of living in Paris was very high• The gay social life of the city hampered his literary works

Life in Brussels

• Rizal was accompanied by Jose Albert

• They lived in a boarding house in 38 Rue Philippe Champagne, which was run by two Jaceby sisters, Suzanne and Marie.

• Later Albert left the city and was replaced by Jose Alejandro.

38 Rue Philippe Champagne

Life in Brussels

• Rizal was busy writing his second novel which was a continuation of the Noli.

• He wrote articles for La Solaridaridad and letters to his family and friends.

• Spent part of his time in the medical clinic.

• For recreation he had gymnastics, target practice and fencing.