CHAPTER 14 THE NATION DIVIDED
Dec 14, 2015
CHAPTER 14
THE NATION DIVIDED
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Bullet points pg. 505 Read pgs. 482-485
CHAPTER 14
• I can understand how the question of admission of new states to the union fueled the debate over slavery and states rights.
CHAPTER 14
• Missouri Compromise (1820) seemed to stop sectional difference
• 1820 – 1848, 8 new states4 slave – 4 free (15 each)
CHAPTER 14• Mo. Compromise did not apply to 1848
Mexican Cession• Fearing a new slave state, Rep. David
Wilmot proposed law banning slavery from Mexican Cession
• Passed the House of Rep. But not Senate
WHY?
15 free states15 slave states
TIE VOTE IN SENATE
CONSEQUENCE #1
•SOUTHERN SLAVERY SUPPORTERS FEARED A LEGAL ATTACK ON SLAVERY
CONSEQUENCE #2
•A NEW POLITICAL PARTY
POLITICS
•2 PartiesDEMOCRATSWHIGS
POLITICS
•Neither party took firm stand on slavery
WHY?
POLITICS
•Both wanted southern votes.
POLITICS• Democratic Presidential
candidate, Sen. Lewis Cass proposed a solution
• Popular sovereignty
POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY
•People in the state or territory would vote on slavery, not their elected representatives
CONSEQUENCE
• Anti slavery Democrats and Whigs for new political party – THE FREE SOIL PARTY
PLATFORM
• Mexican Cession land would be FREE SOIL – NO SLAVERY
CANDIDATES
•Free Soil – Martin Van Buren
•Democrats - Lewis Cass•Whigs – Zachary Taylor
What territory wanted into the United States?
Why?
All the Gold in California
• 1848 – Gold discovered in California
• Grows quickly• Wants into the
U.S.
Problems
• Most of CA. is north of MO. Compromise line
• South fears anti slavery majority in Senate
• Threatens to SECEDE if CA. is admitted as free state
Other Issues
• Northerners want slave TRADE abolished in Wash. D.C.
• Southerners wants escaped slaves (FUGITIVES) returned
WHAT DO WE DO? .
COMPROMISE• Henry Clay has
idea, the Compromise of 1850
• His ideas are opposed by John C. Calhoun
The Great Debate• Calhoun is against compromise. He said,
A. CA. in U.S. as a free state threatens the South
B. There are only 2 ways to protect the South
1. Constitutional Amendment2. Secession
The Great Debate
• Daniel Webster said,A. Called to end fightingB. Supported Clay’s plan
CalhounPg. 484
Translation - Calhoun• Arrest it
to stop something• Abolition
getting rid of slavery• Secession
leaving the Union• Submission
give up• Resistance
fight
What does it mean?
1. We want a Constitutional amendment guaranteeing slavery in the south and the Territories forever
2. If we don’t get that, we quit the Union
3. If you attack us, we will fight
Daniel Webster Pg 484
Translation - Webster
• Preservationto keep as is
• Restorationto return to the original
What does it mean?
1. The Union must stay together2. Accept the compromise3. Let’s go back to good feelings
among all the states
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Bullet Points pg. 505 Read pgs. 486-491
PREDICT
•What is going to happen?
Ch 14 Sec 2 – Compromises Fail
•I CAN UNDERSTAND THE COMPROMISE OF 1850 AND WHY IT FAILED
Compromise of 1850• 5 laws
California admitted free stateSlave trade banned in D.C.Congress could not regulate slave trade
between slave statesPopular sovereignty in Mexican CessionFugitive slave law
Fugitive slave law• Accused slaves
arrested by government
• No trial• Only white
persons testimony
• Every citizen required to help
•President Zachary Taylor who opposes, dies
•Millard Fillmore, the new President signs it into law
OBJECTIONS• Northerners objected to fugitive
slave actWHY?
1. Black testimony was not admissible2. White slave owners testimony as proof
REACTIONS
• Slave catchers were threatened
• Runaways were taken to Canada
• Juries found helpers innocent
REACTIONS• BOOKS
UNCLE TOMS CABINFictional account of slaveryPut down by SouthPraised by North (pg 448)
RESULTS
• Everyone complained• Northerners did not like
-slavery continuing with possibility of expansion- Fugitive Slave Law
RESULTS
• Southerners did not like- Jury Nullification- Slave catchers being
threatened- Slaves escaping to Canada
A NEW WRINKLE• Illinois Senator Stephen Douglas wants
a railroad through ILL & MO to the west• RR would pass through Kansas &
Nebraska• These areas are closed to slavery (MO.
Comp)• Southerners screamed!!!
Douglas’ Plan
• Open Kansas & Nebraska to Popular Sovereignty
• Southerners happy• Northerners screamed –
This undid the MO. Comp.
Kansas – Nebraska Act - 1852
• Kansas & Nebraska Territories open to Popular Sovereignty
• Passed by Congress – Signed by Pres.
• Believed to be answer to slavery question
IS IT??
RESULTS• Proponents and opponents flooded into
Kansas• Of 3,000 registered voters, 8,000 votes were
counted• 3 non slavery vs. 36 slavery representatives
were elected
WHAT HAPPENED?
VOTER FRUAD
WHAT HAPPENED THEN?
2 GOVERNMENTS• ANTI SLAVERY GOVERNMENT• PRO SLAVERY GOVERNMENT
EACH CLAIMED AUTHORITY
WHAT HAPPENED THEN??
VIOLENCE
Proslavery Sheriff leads 800 men and attacks anti slavery Lawrence Kansas
Anti slavery activist, John Brown attacks Pottawatomie Creek Kansas
PREDICT
•WHAT WILL HAPPEN NEXT?
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Bullet Points pg. 505 Read pgs. 494-498
Ch 14 Sec 3
• I can understand how the Lincoln – Douglas debates and John Brown’s raid increased tensions between North and South
A New Political Party
• 1854 – Whig party split apart• New party called Republican Party• Attracted Northern Democrats and
Free Soil party members• Committed to stopping spread of
slavery
Growth
1854• 105 seats in Congress of 245 • All but two northern state legislatures
1856• Ran John C. Freemont for President• Won 11 of 16 free states• James Buchanan elected
Dred Scott Decision1857
• Dred Scott was a slave• Had lived in Wisconsin and
IllinoisWhat is important about
Wisconsin and Illinois?
Answer• Illinois and
Wisconsin are free states
• Dred Scott wants his freedom even though he is now in Missouri
Decision
• African Americans are NOT citizens
• Cannot sue in Court• Slaves are property so it doesn’t
matter where they lived• Property belongs to the owner
Decision
• Congress does not have the power to prohibit slavery in the territories
• MO Compromise illegal
Reaction
• Southerners pleased• Northerners shocked• A young Illinois lawyer speaks outThe idea that African Americans could
not be citizens was based on a false view of American History
Who is this masked man?
LINCOLN
• Not an abolitionist• Was anti slavery• Served in Illinois House of Reps.• Served 1 term in U.S. House of Rep.• Opposed Kansas-Nebraska Act• Joined Republican party
1858
• Republicans choose Lincoln to run for Senate
• Lincoln speaksturn to page 496
Debates
• Democrats choose Stephen Douglas• Lincoln debates him• Lincoln and Douglas both courted
Mary Todd• Lincoln won this one
DebatesLINCOLN
• If slavery is not wrong nothing is wrong
• Slavery should not expand to western territories
• Slavery will die on its own
• Blacks and whites are not equal but have rights
DOUGLAS• Popular sovereignty is
right• Illinois chose no slavery,
MO chose slavery• Lincoln is a dangerous
abolitionist and wants black equality
And the winner is
DOUGLAS
1859
• John Brown driven out of Kansas• Attacks Federal Arsenal in Harpers Ferry
VA.• Wants guns to give to blacks to stage a
revolt• Said the Bible guided his actions • Captured – tried – convicted - hanged
Reaction
• People in South saw justice served
• People in North considered him a hero
• People in South feared Northern response
John Brown
• Who or what is John Brown• Is it this?
OR IS IT THIS
Right – Wrong - Best
•Are either completely right?
•Are either completely wrong?
•Which is best?
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Bullet Points pg. 505 Read pg. 499 - 503
Ch 14 Sec 4
THE COMING OF THE CIVIL WAR
I CAN UNDERSTAND HOW THE ELECTION OF
ABRAHAM LINCOLN SPARKED THE SECESSION
OF SOUTHERN STATES
Election of 1860
• Lincoln popular because of L-D debates• Democrats split
North – Douglas – Supports Popular Sovereignty
South V.P. John Breckinridge – Supports slavery even though secession
• Constitution Union Party – John Bell – Against secession and supports slavery
THINK!!!
• What happens to a political party when its vote is split?
• What happens when there is a third party?
• Is it any wonder Lincoln won?
Secession Chronology
• Nov. 1860 – Lincoln elected• Dec. 1860 – S. Carolina• Jan. 1861 – Miss., FLA., ALA., GEO., LA.• Feb. – TX• Feb. C.S.A. born - New Constitution.
Jefferson Davis made President
Secession Chronology
• March 4th 1861 – Lincoln inaugurated• March 6th – CSA asks for 100,000
volunteers• April 12, CSA attacks Fort Sumter in
Charleston• April 13, Fort Sumter surrenders• April 16, Lincoln calls for 75,000 volunteers
Secession Chronology
• April 17, VA secedes• May – AK., TN., NC.
Why the war?
Why the war?- Slavery- Sectionalism- Nationalism / Honor- States rights- Free soil- Tariffs- Election of Lincoln