CHAPTER 14 NOTES WORLD WAR I 1914 - 1918. The Mexican Revolution 1884-1911 1884-1911 Porfirio Diaz Porfirio Diaz Dictator that ruled Mexico Francisco.

CHAPTER 14 CHAPTER 14 NOTESNOTES

WORLD WAR IWORLD WAR I1914 - 19181914 - 1918

The Mexican RevolutionThe Mexican Revolution

1884-19111884-1911 Porfirio Diaz Porfirio Diaz

Dictator that ruled MexicoDictator that ruled Mexico Francisco Madero who replaced Diaz Francisco Madero who replaced Diaz

was a reformer who appeared to support was a reformer who appeared to support democracy, constitutional government democracy, constitutional government and land reform.and land reform.

Victoriano Huerta seized power and Victoriano Huerta seized power and murdered Madero.murdered Madero.

The Mexican RevolutionThe Mexican Revolution Venustiano CarranzaVenustiano Carranza

Forces acquired arms from the United Forces acquired arms from the United States, became Mexico’s President.States, became Mexico’s President.

Guerrilla forces Guerrilla forces led by Pancho Villa led by Pancho Villa made raids into the U.S. causing made raids into the U.S. causing President Wilson to send General John J. President Wilson to send General John J. Pershing to find and capture Villa. Pershing to find and capture Villa. Pershing was recalled to be Pershing was recalled to be

involved in WWI and never involved in WWI and never

caught Pancho Villa.caught Pancho Villa.

Four Events That Led Up to Four Events That Led Up to World War IWorld War I

ImperialismImperialism European countries competing for colonies in Asia and AfricaEuropean countries competing for colonies in Asia and Africa Competing for power in Europe – Balkan PeninsulaCompeting for power in Europe – Balkan Peninsula

MilitarismMilitarism Armies doubling in sizeArmies doubling in size Gain and protect territoryGain and protect territory Want to be most powerfulWant to be most powerful Military leaders have power over political leaders in many countriesMilitary leaders have power over political leaders in many countries

NationalismNationalism Guided by own interestsGuided by own interests Ethnic minorities want own countryEthnic minorities want own country

System of AlliancesSystem of Alliances Form alliance to stop others from attacking youForm alliance to stop others from attacking you

Event That Started World War IEvent That Started World War I

The assassination of Archduke The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand from Austria-HungaryFerdinand from Austria-Hungary

Assassination of Archduke Franz Assassination of Archduke Franz FerdinandFerdinand

Late June 1914 heir to Austro-Hungarian throne, Late June 1914 heir to Austro-Hungarian throne, visited the Bosnian capital of Serajevo. The visited the Bosnian capital of Serajevo. The Archduke and his wife were attending an assembly Archduke and his wife were attending an assembly when a member of the “Black Hand” a Serbian when a member of the “Black Hand” a Serbian nationalist group tried to assassinate him. The first nationalist group tried to assassinate him. The first attempt was unsuccessful and the Archduke and his attempt was unsuccessful and the Archduke and his wife were whisked away in his car. The chauffer wife were whisked away in his car. The chauffer went down a one way street and was passed by went down a one way street and was passed by Gavrilo Princip the person who had earlier Gavrilo Princip the person who had earlier attempted the previous assassination he then attempted the previous assassination he then climbed aboard the side rail of the car and shot the climbed aboard the side rail of the car and shot the Archduke and his wife Sophia to death. Princip Archduke and his wife Sophia to death. Princip himself was later put to death so that there would himself was later put to death so that there would be no link back to the “Black Hand”.be no link back to the “Black Hand”.

Two Events That Got The Two Events That Got The United States In World War IUnited States In World War I

Sinking of the LusitaniaSinking of the LusitaniaBritish cruise ship that had nearly 1,200 British cruise ship that had nearly 1,200

passengers (128 Americans) was sank passengers (128 Americans) was sank on May 7,1915.on May 7,1915.

Naval WarfareNaval Warfare

Goal: to prevent supplies from reaching Goal: to prevent supplies from reaching enemyenemy

Submarine/U-Boat – newSubmarine/U-Boat – new Unrestricted Submarine WarfareUnrestricted Submarine Warfare

Germans fire on ships without warningGermans fire on ships without warning Sinking neutral countries –USA - shipsSinking neutral countries –USA - ships

LusitaniaLusitania British passenger liner sunk by U-Boat 5/17/15British passenger liner sunk by U-Boat 5/17/15 Killing 1,100 people – 128 AmericansKilling 1,100 people – 128 Americans Contributes to American anger to GermansContributes to American anger to Germans

Two Events That Got The United Two Events That Got The United States In World War IStates In World War I

The Zimmerman TelegramThe Zimmerman TelegramBritish intelligence intercepted the British intelligence intercepted the

telegram and leaked to the American telegram and leaked to the American newspaper. The telegram proposed that newspaper. The telegram proposed that Mexico ally itself with German in the Mexico ally itself with German in the event of war between Germany and the event of war between Germany and the U.S. In return, Mexico would regain its U.S. In return, Mexico would regain its “lost territory in Texas, New Mexico, and “lost territory in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona.”Arizona.”

19 January, 1917: The Zimmerman Note

to the German Minister to Mexico Berlin, January 19, 1917 On the first of February we intend to begin submarine warfare unrestricted.

In spite of this, it is our intention to endeavor to keep neutral the United States of America.

If this attempt is not successful, we propose an alliance on the following basis with Mexico: That we shall make war together and together make peace. We shall give general financial support, and it is understood that Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona. The details are left to you for settlement....

You are instructed to inform the President of Mexico of the above in the greatest confidence as soon as it is certain that there will be an outbreak of war with the United States and suggest that the President of Mexico, on his own initiative, should communicate with Japan suggesting adherence at once to this plan; at the same time, offer to mediate between Germany and Japan.

Please call to the attention of the President of Mexico that the employment of ruthless submarine warfare now promises to compel England to make peace in a few months.

Zimmerman(Secretary of State)

US MobilizationUS Mobilization

Selective ServiceSelective Service - need to build up size - need to build up size of militaryof military

War Industries BoardWar Industries Board increased increased production of industry and agricultureproduction of industry and agriculture

Rationing, Victory Gardens, Liberty Bonds Rationing, Victory Gardens, Liberty Bonds and Victory Bonds - ways to help war effortand Victory Bonds - ways to help war effort

Government propaganda to unite public in Government propaganda to unite public in favor of warfavor of war

Espionage ActEspionage Act and and Sedition ActSedition Act: laws : laws passed to try and stop treasonpassed to try and stop treason

Triple Alliance - Triple Alliance - beforebefore war war beganbegan

GermanyGermany Austria-HungaryAustria-Hungary ItalyItaly

Triple Entente – Triple Entente – beforebefore war war beganbegan

France France Great BritainGreat Britain RussiaRussia

Central Powers - Central Powers - beginningbeginning of of World War IWorld War I

Germany Germany Austria-HungaryAustria-Hungary BulgariaBulgaria Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire

Allied Powers – beginning of Allied Powers – beginning of World War IWorld War I

France France Great BritainGreat Britain RussiaRussia ItalyItaly

World War I MapWorld War I Map

You will need to be able to locate You will need to be able to locate

the Central Powers and the Allied the Central Powers and the Allied Powers on a map (page 451 in Powers on a map (page 451 in textbook).textbook).

Most Decorated War Hero From Most Decorated War Hero From WWIWWI

Sgt. Alvin YorkSgt. Alvin York

From TennesseeFrom Tennessee U.S. ArmyU.S. Army Used his fame to start a school in Tennessee for Used his fame to start a school in Tennessee for

underprivileged children, still open today.underprivileged children, still open today. Won the Congressional Medal of HonorWon the Congressional Medal of Honor

““Red Baron”Red Baron”

Manfred Von Richthofen Manfred Von Richthofen Confirmed w/80 air combat Confirmed w/80 air combat killskills

Air CombatAir Combat

First use of airplanes were for spying First use of airplanes were for spying behind enemy lines.behind enemy lines.

Pilots would use bricks, rocks, or pistols to Pilots would use bricks, rocks, or pistols to drive down their opponent.drive down their opponent.

Fokker a German Engineer developed a Fokker a German Engineer developed a gear that would interlock the propeller gear that would interlock the propeller with a machine gun mounted on the with a machine gun mounted on the airplane so that the propeller would not be airplane so that the propeller would not be shot off during a “dog fight”. That was shot off during a “dog fight”. That was called the Fokker gear.called the Fokker gear.

Jeannette RankinJeannette Rankin

BornBorn11 June 1880 11 June 1880 Missoula, MontanaMissoula, Montana DiedDied18 May 1973 (aged 92) 18 May 1973 (aged 92) Carmel,Carmel, CaliforniaCalifornia

Political party Political party RepublicanRepublican

Profession Profession Social workerSocial worker,,

activistactivist

Office Held Office Held Member U.S. Member U.S.

House of RepresentativesHouse of Representatives

End of the WarEnd of the War Fresh US troops boosted Allied moraleFresh US troops boosted Allied morale General John J. Pershing - US commanderGeneral John J. Pershing - US commander US soldiers not the best fighters at first but US soldiers not the best fighters at first but

the numbers made the difference for Alliesthe numbers made the difference for Allies Battle of Chateau-ThierryBattle of Chateau-Thierry

Last German offensive of the warLast German offensive of the war Allies won because of fresh US troopsAllies won because of fresh US troops

Battle of Meuse ArgonneBattle of Meuse Argonne (Argonne Forest) (Argonne Forest) Last major Allied offensive of the warLast major Allied offensive of the war Allies wonAllies won

Armistice signed 11/11/1918Armistice signed 11/11/1918

Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles Germany must admit blame for warGermany must admit blame for war Germany pay total cost of war ($300 billion)Germany pay total cost of war ($300 billion) German Army limited in size and Navy given to German Army limited in size and Navy given to

AlliesAllies German colonies given to AlliesGerman colonies given to Allies Land take by Central Powers given back to Allies Land take by Central Powers given back to Allies

or made into new countriesor made into new countries New countries made to stop spread of New countries made to stop spread of

communismcommunism League of Nations establishedLeague of Nations established US congress never signs treaty because of US congress never signs treaty because of

League of NationsLeague of Nations

Woodrow WilsonWoodrow Wilson

Soldiers involved in WWISoldiers involved in WWI

Country MenMobilized

Killed and died TotalCasualties

Casualties in %of total mobilized

Russia 12,000,000 1,700,000 9,150,000 76.3France 8,410,000 1,357,800 6,160,800 73.3

British Empire 8,904,467 908,371 3,190,235 35.8USA 4,355,000 126,000 350,300 8

Total AlliedPowers 42,188,810 5,152,115 22,089,709 52.3

Germany 11,000,000 1,773,700 7,142,558 64.9Austria-Hungary 7,800,000 1,200,000 7,020,000 90Ottoman Empire 2,850,000 325,000 975,000 34.2

Total CentralPowers 22,850,000 3,386,200 15,404,477 67.4

Grand Total 65,038,810 8,538,315 37,494,186 57.6

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