Chapter 14 From Gothic to Renaissance: Italy 1200-1400
Chapter 14From Gothic to Renaissance:
Italy 1200-1400
Renaissance = “Rebirth”
Early Renaissance Contemporaneous with Gothic Art
Italy Around 1400
The Byzantine Empire
God in the Middle AgesThe Geometer, Manuscript Illustration.
GOD
Man
Nature
God
Man
Nature
Humanist Tradition:Nude human
Recognizable Portrait
Landscape
Establishment of Preaching Orders:
FranciscansBased on teachings of St. FrancisLive like ChristBeg on the streets
DominicansBased on teachings of St. DominickBuild monasteriesEducate the masses
BONAVENTURA BERLINGHIERI, panel from the Saint Francis Altarpiece, San Francesco, Pescia, Italy, 1235. Tempera on wood, approx. 5’ x 3’ x 6”.
Italo-Byzantine Style:
• Combination of Italian and Byzantine visual concerns that develops in the 13th century
• Transcendent• Didactic• Stressed unity of political, social and
religious order
BONAVENTURA BERLINGHIERI, panel from the Saint Francis Altarpiece, San Francesco, Pescia, Italy, 1235. Tempera on wood, approx. 5’ x 3’ x 6”.
Receives Stigmata
St. Francis Preaching To birds
Posthumous Miracle
Posthumous MiracleOf the pear
Posthumous MiracleHealing crippled man
Posthumous MiracleCasting out demons
BONAVENTURA BERLINGHIERI, panel from the Saint Francis Altarpiece, San Francesco, Pescia, Italy, 1235. Tempera on wood, approx. 5’ x 3’ x 6”.
Italian artistByzantine Artist
NICOLA PISANO, pulpit of Pisa Cathedral baptistery, Pisa, Italy, 1259–1260. Marble, approx. 15’ high.
First Proto-RenaissanceWork of Art
NICOLA PISANO, pulpit of Pisa Cathedral baptistery, Pisa, Italy, 1259–1260. Marble, approx. 15’ high.
First Proto-RenaissanceWork of Art
Fortitude
Baptistry Pulpit Drew From Following Sources:
1) The immediate past: Medieval Art2) Contemporaneous Ideas: Gothic Art3) Byzantine Art4) Antiquity
NICOLA PISANO, The Annunciation and the Nativity, detail of Pisa baptistery pulpit, Pisa, Italy, 1259–1260. Marble relief, approx. 2’ 10” x 3’ 9”.
GIOVANNI PISANO, The Annunciation and the Nativity, detail of the pulpit of Sant’Andrea, Pistoia, Italy, 1297–1301. Marble relief, approx. 2’ 10” x 3’ 4”.
Two main schools of the Early Renaissance:
FlorenceTraditionalMonumental Republican
SienaLyricalDecorativeLinear
CIMABUE, Madonna Enthroned with Angels and Prophets, ca. 1280–1290. Tempera on wood, 12’ 7” x 7’ 4”. Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence.
GIOTTO DI BONDONE, Madonna Enthroned, ca. 1310. Tempera on wood, 10’ 8” x 6’ 8”. Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence.
Arena Chapel, Padua
Interior of the Arena Chapel (Cappella Scrovegni), Padua, Italy, 1305–1306.Commissioned by Enrico Scrovegni
“The Golden Legends” By Jacobus de Voragine, Archbishop of Genoa
GIOTTO DI BONDONE, Lamentation, Arena Chapel, Padua, Italy, ca. 1305. Fresco, 6’ 6 3/4” x 6’ 3/4”.
GIOTTO DI BONDONE, Lamentation, Arena Chapel, Padua, Italy, ca. 1305. Fresco, 6’ 6 3/4” x 6’ 3/4”.
The Competing Styles of the 14th Century Italy:
Giotto: Florence, Intellectual, Sculptural
Duccio: Siena, Emotional, Linear, Delicate
DUCCIO DI BUONINSEGNA, Maestà altarpiece, from the Siena Cathedral, Siena, Italy, 1308–1311. Tempera on wood, panel 7’ x 13’. Museo dell’Opera del Duomo, Siena.
DUCCIO DI BUONINSEGNA, Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saints, principal panel of the Maestà altarpiece, from the Siena Cathedral, Siena, Italy, 1308–1311. Tempera on wood, panel 7’ x 13’. Museo dell’Opera del Duomo, Siena.
DUCCIO DI BUONINSEGNA, Betrayal of Jesus, detail from the back of the Maestà altarpiece, from the Siena Cathedral, Siena, Italy, 1309–1311. Tempera on wood, detail approx. 1’ 10 1/2” x 3’ 4”. Museo dell’Opera del Duomo, Siena.
SIMONE MARTINI AND LIPPO MEMMI(?), Annunciation, 1333 (frame reconstructed in the nineteenth century). Tempera and gold leaf on wood, approx. 10’ 1” x 8’ 8 3/4”. Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence.
PIETRO LORENZETTI, The Birth of the Virgin, from Altar of Saint Savinus, Siena Cathedral, Siena, Italy, 1342. Tempera on wood, approx. 6’ 1” x 5’ 11”. Museo dell’Opera del Duomo, Siena.
The International Gothic Style:
In Western Europe: Italy (mostly Siena), France, Burgundy, and Bohemia
Emphasizes: Royalty, Courtly Nobility, Sophistication, Luxurious Decorative Elements
Long, flowing lines, elegance, elongated figures, and realistic plants and animals