Chapter 13 Unsaturated Hydrocarbons CHEM 2124 – General Chemistry II Alfred State College Professor Bensley
Chapter 13 Unsaturated Hydrocarbons CHEM 2124 – General Chemistry II Alfred State College Professor Bensley.
Dec 16, 2015
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Chapter 13Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
CHEM 2124 – General Chemistry II
Alfred State College
Professor Bensley
Chapter 13 Objectives Identify the three major types of unsaturated
hydrocarbons – alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic compounds.
Name alkanes, alkynes, and substituted benzenes.
Recognize the difference between constitutional isomers and stereoisomers, as well as identify cis and trans isomers.
Draw the products of addition reactions of alkenes.
Chapter 13 Objectives
Draw the products of reactions that follow Markovnikov’s Rule.
Draw the structure of polymers that are formed from alkene monomers.
Draw the products of substitution reactions of benzene.
Chapter 13 – Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
I. Alkenes and Alkynes
A. Alkenes
B. Alkynes
Chapter 13 – Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
•What are unsaturated hydrocarbons?
•Drawing Condensed Structures
C. Alkene and Alkyne Properties
Nomenclature of Alkenes and Alkynes
HOW TO Name an Alkene or Alkyne
Step [1] Find the longest chain that contains bothC atoms of the double or triple bond.
4 C’s in longest chainbutane ----> butene
6 C’s in longest chainhexane ----> hexyne
Nomenclature of Alkenes and Alkynes
HOW TO Name an Alkene or Alkyne
Step [2]Number the carbon chain from the end thatgives the multiple bond the lower number.
1-butene 2-hexyne
Nomenclature of Alkenes and Alkynes
HOW TO Name an Alkene or Alkyne
Step [3]
Number and name the substituents, and write the name.
What is a diene?
Chapter 13 – Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
CH3
12
1-methylcyclopentene
CH3
CH3
12
6
1,6-dimethylcyclohexene
D. Cycloalkenes
Chapter 13 – Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
2-butene
II. Stereoisomers
A. Cis/trans isomers
Chapter 13 – Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
B. Stereoisomers vs. Constitutional Isomers
Interesting Alkenes in Food and Medicine
Chapter 13 – Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
A. Addition Reactions
III. Reactions of Alkenes
1. Hydrogenation
Chapter 13 – Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
2. Halogenation
3. Hydrohalogenation
Chapter 13 – Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
4. Markovnikov’s Rule
•C1 has more H’s, so it will bond to the H from HCl.
•2-Chloropropane is the only product formed.
C2 is bonded to 1 HC1 is bonded to 2 H’s
Chapter 13 – Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
5. Hydration
CH3
H
+ H OH
this C has no H’s
this C has 1 H
OH
H
CH3
H
H2SO4
only product
Figure 13.4
Chapter 13 – Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
IV. Aromatic Compounds
What is a resonance hybrid?
1. One substituent
Chapter 13 – Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
A. Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds
Chapter 13 – Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
2. Disubstituted Benzenes
ortho-xyleneo-xylene1,2-dimethylbenzene
meta-xylenem-xylene1,3-dimethylbenzene
para-xylenep-xylene1,4-dimethylbenzene
3. Polysubstituted Benzenes
4-chloro-1-ethyl-2-propylbenzene
2,5-dichloroaniline
•Some common drugs that contain benzene rings are:
B. Reactions of Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Chapter 13 – Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
Addition NO
Substitution YES
Chapter 13 – Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
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