Chapter 13 Section 3 The Protestant Reformation. Corrupt Church Popes were living a rich and luxurious lifestyle Popes were also hiring painters and sculptors.
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Slide 1
Chapter 13 Section 3 The Protestant Reformation
Slide 2
Corrupt Church Popes were living a rich and luxurious lifestyle
Popes were also hiring painters and sculptors to beautify churches
To finance these projects, the Church increased fees for marriages
and baptisms
Slide 3
Need More $$$ The Church still needed more money Decided to
sell indulgences
Slide 4
Indulgences Were believed to lessen the time a persons soul
would have to spend in purgatory They used to only be granted for
good deeds, such as fighting in the Crusades
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Martin Luther 1517 Did not approve of the sale of
indulgences
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Not this Martin Luther Just so there is no confusion.
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Luthers Protest In 1517, Johann Tetzel set up a pulpit on the
outskirts of Wittenburg Sold indulgences to anyone who Contributed
money towards the rebuilding of St. Peters Cathedral in Rome
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Tetzels Indulgences Tetzel made big claims about his
indulgences He claimed that the purchase of these indulgences would
assume entry into heaven not only for the purchasers but for their
dead relatives as well. Dont you hear the voices of your dead
parents and other relatives crying out?
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95 Theses Written by Luther Posted it on Church door
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95 Theses He argued that indulgences had no basis in the Bible,
that the Pope had no authority to release souls from purgatory, and
that Christians could be saved only through faith
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Luther vs. The Church Almost overnight, copies of the 95 Theses
were printed and distributed across Europe The Church wanted Luther
to recant or give up his views
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Luther Refuses Luther would refuse and began urging Christians
to reject the authority of Rome Luther would be excommunicated by
1521
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Diet of Worms Ordered to attend by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V
Luther went expecting to defend his writings, but the emperor
simply ordered him to give them up
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Luther is Found Guilty Luther was declared an outlaw, making it
a crime for anyone in the empire to give him food or shelter Luther
had powerful supporters and hid out in castles Remained in hiding
for nearly a year and thousands saw him as a hero
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Luthers Teachings Rejected the Church doctrine that good deeds
were necessary for salvation Upheld the Bible as the sole source of
religious truth Rejected the idea that priests and the Church
hierarchy had special powers
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Teachings Continued Rejected five of the seven sacraments
because the Bible did not mention them Banned indulgences,
confession, pilgrimages, and prayers to saints Simplified the
ritual of mass and instead emphasized the sermon
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A Few More Permitted clergy to marry These became the
foundation of the Lutheran Church
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Spread of Lutheran Ideas Followers of Luther were called
Protestants Those who protested papal authority
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Who Supported Him? Many clergy saw Luthers reforms as the
answer to Church corruption Others supported him on the basis of
national loyalty, they were tired of German money going to support
churches and clergy in Italy
Slide 20
Peace of Augsburg Signed in 1555, allowed each prince to decide
which religion, Catholic, or Lutheran, would be followed in his
lands. Most northern German states chose Lutheranism, the south
remained largely Catholic
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Calvinism In 1541, Protestants in Geneva asked Calvin to lead
their community
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Calvin Believed salvation was through faith alone Preached
predestination the idea that God had long ago determined who would
gain salvation Calvinists believed the world was divided into two
kinds of people, saints and sinners
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Calvins Government He set up a theocracy government run by
church leaders Saw themselves as the chosen people
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Lifestyle Citizens faced fines or other harsher punishments for
offenses such as fighting, swearing, laughing in church, or dancing
Believed in religious education for both boys and girls Women
should read the Bible in private, allowed them to sing in
church
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Spread of Calvinism Germany, France, Netherlands, England, and
Scotland Faced opposition from Catholics and Lutherans Wars raged
between French Calvinsits, called Hugenots, and Catholics
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Field Preachers To avoid persecution, field preachers gave
sermons in the countryside, away from the eyes of town authorities
John Knox, a Calvinist preacher in Scotland led a religious
rebellion Scottish Protestants overthrew the Catholic queen and set
up Scottish Presbyterian Church