Chapter 13 Section 3 A Global Conflict Objective: Summarize the spread of the conflict, the Allies’ push to victory, & the effects of the war Vocabulary:

Chapter 13 Section 3A Global ConflictObjective: Summarize the spread of the conflict, the Allies’ push to victory, & the effects of the war

Vocabulary: Unrestricted submarine warfare, Total War, Rationing, Propaganda, & Armistice

Setting the Stage•World War I was much

more than a European conflict

• Japan & Australia entered the war on the Allies side

•Ottoman Empire allied themselves with the Central Power

•The Great Powers looks for other allies around the world to tip the balance in their favor

War Affects the World• The Allies came up with a

strategy to attack the Dardanelles in the Ottoman Empire

• The Gallipoli Campaign sought to take over Constantinople & establish a supply line to Russia

• The Germans & Turks vigorously defended the region

• Gallipoli turned into another bloody stalemate & dug trenches

• The Allies gave up the campaign & began to evacuate

Battles in Africa & Asia•Japanese overran German

outposts in China•English & French troops

attacked Germany’s four African possessions, seizing control of 3

•British & French recruited subjects in their colonies to fight in the struggle

•Gandhi supported India’s participation in World War I, hoping this would gain their independence

America Joins the Fight• In January 1917, the Germans

announced they would sink any ship around Britain without warning

• Unrestricted submarine warfare – use of submarines to sink without warning any ship found in enemy’s waters

• Germany had already tried the policy by sinking the passenger ship the Lusitania (killing 1198 including 128 US citizens)

• The Germans claimed it was carrying ammunition which was true

• Despite warning from President Wilson, the Germans sank 3 American ships

America Joins the Fight• February 1917, Officials

intercepted a telegram from Arthur Zimmermann

• The Zimmermann note stated that Germany would help Mexico “reconquer” lost land to the United States if they would ally itself with Germany

• America’s economic ties with the Allies were stronger than those with the Central Powers

• April 2, 1917 – President Wilson asked Congress to declare war on Germany, entering the war on the side of the Allies

War Affects the Home Front•Europe had lost more

men in battle than in all the wars of the previous 3 centuries

•The war had claimed the lives of millions & changed countless lives forever

•The Great War affected not only soldiers but civilians as well

Governments Wage Total War• Total War – a conflict in which

the participating countries devote all their resources to the war effort

• Government took control of the economy, telling factories what to produce & how much

• Every able-bodied civilian was put to work

• Rationing – limiting amount of goods people can by, imposed by government during wartime

• Leaders believed that “real” reporting of the war would turn people against it

• Propaganda – material spread to advance a cause or damage an opponent’s cause

Women & the War•Women began to

replace men in factories, offices, & shops

•Women built tanks, paved streets, & ran hospitals

•Although they only worked during the war, it changed the mindset of what women were capable of

The Allies Win the War• In March 1917, civil

unrest in Russia, forced Czar Nicholas to step down

• War-weary Russia refused to fight any longer after 5.5 million were either wounded, killed, or taken prisoner

• In November 1917, Lenin sized power implementing a communist government

• Germany & Russia signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, ending the war between them

The Central Powers Collapse• In March 1918, Germany launched an

all over final attack on the Western Front

• Victory was within reach for Germany• 140,000 fresh U.S. troops launched a

counterattack to save Paris• With the arrival of 2 million

American troops, the Allied forces began to advance toward Germany

• November 9, 1918, Kaiser Wilhelm II stepped down & Germany became a republic

• Armistice – agreement to stop fighting

• November 11, 1918, World War I came to an end

The Legacy of the War•8.5 million soldiers died

as a result of the War• It also led to the death of

countless civilians•The Great War

devastated the economies of European countries

•The total cost was closer to 338 billion

• It also left a deep mark on Western society