Chapter 13 Review Questions

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General Chemistry: Atoms First, 2e (McMurry and Fay)

Chapter 13 Chemical Equilibrium: The Extent of Chemical Reaction

13.1 Multiple Choice Questions

1) Which one of the following statements does not describe the equilibrium state?A) quilibrium is d!namic and there is no net con"ersion to reactants and products.

#) $he concentration of the reactants is equal to the concentration of the products.

C) $he concentration of the reactants and products reach a constant le"el.%) $he rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the re"erse reaction.

Answer& #

%iff& 1

$opic& 'ection 13.1 $he 'tate of Chemical quilibrium

() $he equilibrium equation is also nown as the law of

A) coefficients.

#) constant concentration.C) d!namic equilibrium.

%) mass action.Answer& %

%iff& 1

$opic& 'ection 13.( $he quilibrium Constant *c

3) Which of the following statements is fale regarding the equilibrium constant+ K c?

A) K c for a reaction at a particular temperature alwa!s has the same "alue.

#) K c for the re"erse reaction is the negati"e of K c for the forward reaction.

C) $he numerical "alue of K c depends on the form of the balanced equation.

%) When quoting K c it is customar! to omit units.

Answer& #%iff& (


,) Which statement about the equilibrium constant is true? $he "alue of K cA) changes as product concentration changes.

#) changes as reactant concentration changes.

C) changes as temperature changes.

%) ne"er changes.Answer& C

%iff& 1


1

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.



-) f K c is the equilibrium constant for a forward reaction what is K c/ for the re"erse reaction?

A) 0 K c#) K c

C) K c)01

%) none of theseAnswer& C

%iff& ($opic& 'ection 13.( $he quilibrium Constant *c

2) f K c is the equilibrium constant for a forward reaction+ ( A #+ what is⇌ K c// for the reaction ,

A (#?⇌

A) K c

#) K c

C) ( K c

%) K c)(Answer& %%iff& (


) Write the equilibrium constant e4pression for the following reaction in the for!ard direction&

( C5, g ) 6 3 7( g ) ( C7 ⇌ g ) 6 , 5(7 g )

A) K c 8

#) K c 8

C) K c 8

%) K c 8

Answer& C

%iff& (


2




9) Write the equilibrium constant e4pression for the following reaction in the re"ere direction&

( C5, g ) 6 3 7( g ) ( C7 ⇌ g ) 6 , 5(7 g )

A) K c/ 8

#) K c/ 8

C) K c/ 8

%) K c/ 8

Answer& %

%iff& (


:) ;itric o4ide reacts with o4!gen to form nitrogen dio4ide&( ;7 g ) 6 7( g ) ( ;7⇌ ( g )

What is K c for the forward reaction if the equilibrium concentration of ;7 is <.(<< M+ 7( is

<.1<< M+ and ;7( is <.(-< M at (-=C?

A) 9.<< > 1<0(

#) 2.,1 > 1<0(

C) 1(.-

%) 1-.2Answer& %

%iff& 3


1<) ;itric o4ide reacts with o4!gen to form nitrogen dio4ide&

( ;7 g ) 6 7( g ) ( ;7⇌ ( g )

What is K c/ for the re"erse reaction if the equilibrium concentration of ;7 is <.3<< M+ 7( is

<.(<< M+ and ;7( is <.-3< M at ?

A) <.<3,<#) <.<2,1

C) <.2(,

%) 1-.2Answer& #

%iff& 3$opic& 'ection 13.( $he quilibrium Constant *c

3




11) A mi4ture of carbon mono4ide+ h!drogen+ and methanol is at equilibrium. $he balanced

chemical equation is& . At (-<=C+ the mi4ture contains <.<:2< M C7+

<.1:1 M 5(+ and <.1-< M C5375. What is the "alue for K c?

A) (.33 > 1<0(

#) <.(,,

C) ,.<:%) ,(.9Answer& %

%iff& 3


1() i"en the reaction& ( 5 5⇌ ( 6 (. f K c/ for the re"erse reaction is 1.9- > 1<0( at ,(-=C+

what is * c for the forward reaction at the same temperature?

A) 01.9- > 1<0(

#) 1.9- > 1<0(

C) 3.< > 1<0(%) -,.1

Answer& %%iff& (


13) @or the reaction& ;( g ) 6 ( 7( g ) ( ;7⇌ ( g )+ K c 8 9.3 > 1<01< at (-=C. What is the

concentration of ;( gas at equilibrium when the concentration of ;7( is twice the concentration

of 7( gas?

A) (.1 > 1<01< M

#) ,.( > 1<01<

MC) (., > 1<: M

%) ,.9 > 1<: M

Answer& %%iff& 3


Algo. 7ption& algorithmic

1,) f * c 8 .<, > 1<0( for the reaction& ( 5#r g ) 5⇌ ( g ) 6 #r ( g )+ what is the "alue of K c for

the reaction& ?

A) 3.-( > 1<0(

#) <.(2-

C) 3.

%) (9.,Answer& C

%iff& 3


4




1-) f * c equals <.11 at (-=C for the reaction& ;(7, g ) ( ;7⇌ ( g )+ what is K c for the reaction&

;7( g ) 1( ;⇌ (7, g )?

A) <.33

#) 3.<C) ,.-

%) :.1Answer& #


12) Which one of the following statements about the equilibrium constant+ K p+ is fale?

A) Bn is equal to the sum of the coefficients of the gaseous products minus the sum of thecoefficients of the gaseous reactants.

#) $he relationship between K p and K c is& K p 8 K c RT )Bn

C) $he units for K p are usuall! omitted.

%) $otal pressures are used in the equilibrium equation in place of molar concentrations.Answer& %%iff& (

$opic& 'ection 13., $he quilibrium Constant *p

1) Write the equilibrium constant e4pression for the following reaction in the for!ard

direction&

( C5, g ) 6 3 7( g ) ( C7⇌ g ) 6 , 5(7 g )

A) K p 8

#) K p8

C) K p 8

%) K p 8

Answer& #

%iff& ($opic& 'ection 13., $he quilibrium Constant *p

5




19) Write the equilibrium constant e4pression for the following reaction in the re"ere direction&

( C5, g ) 6 3 7( g ) ( C7⇌ g ) 6 , 5(7 g )

A) K p/ 8

#) K p/ 8

C) K p/ 8

%) K p/ 8

Answer& A

%iff& (


1:) What is true about the relationship of K p and K c for the reaction&( C5, g ) 6 3 7( g ) ( C7⇌ g ) 6 , 5(7 g )?

A) K p K c

#) K p 8 K c

C) K p D K c

%) K p and K c are not related.

Answer& C

%iff& (


(<) $he o4idation of sulfur dio4ide b! o4!gen to sulfur trio4ide has been implicated as animportant step in the formation of acid rain& ( '7( g ) 6 7( g ) ( '7⇌ 3 g ). f the equilibrium

partial pressures of '7(+ 7(+ and '73 are <.-2, atm+ <.1<( atm+ and <.333 atm respecti"el! at

1<<< *+ what is K p at that temperature?

A) <.(:(

#) 3.,(

C) -.:%) 9.11

Answer& #

%iff& (


6




(1) i"en the reaction at a certain temperature& ( 5 g ) 5⇌ ( g ) 6 ( g ). At equilibrium+ the

partial pressure of 5 is 1.9 > 1<03 atm+ and the partial pressures for 5( and ( are <.1< atm each.

@ind K p at that temperature.

A) 3.( > 1<0,

#) -.2 > 1<1

C) 3.1 > 1<3

%) 3.1 > 1<,

Answer& C%iff& (


(() f K c 8 (.< 4 1<33 at (-=C+ for the following reaction& 5( g ) 6 Cl( g ) ( 5Cl⇌ g )+ then find

K p at the same temperature.

A) 9.( > 1<31

#) :. > 1<3(

C) (.< > 1<33

%) ,.: > 1<3,

Answer& C

%iff& (


(3) Ehosphorus pentachloride decomposes to phosphorus trichloride and chlorine gas at ele"ated

temperatures b! the following reaction&ECl- g ) ECl⇌ 3 g ) 6 Cl( g ). f K c 8 1.9 at (-<=C+ what is the "alue of K p at the same

temperature?

A) ,.( > 1<0(

#) 9.9 > 1<0(

C) 2-

%) Answer& %

%iff& (


(,) $he decomposition of ammonia is& ( ;53 g ) 8 ;( g ) 6 3 5( g ). f K p is 1.- > 1<3 at ,<<=C+

what is the partial pressure of ammonia at equilibrium when ;( is <.1< atm and 5( is <.1- atm?

A) (.( > 1<0 atm#) ,. > 1<0, atm

C) (.1 > 1<3 atm

%) ,., > 1<2 atmAnswer& #

%iff& 3



7




(-) $he decomposition of ammonia is& ( ;53 g ) ;⇌ ( g ) 6 3 5( g ). f the partial pressure of

ammonia is 1.2 > 1<03 atm and the partial pressures of ;( and 5( are each <.(- atm at

equilibrium+ what is the "alue for K c at ,<<=C for the forward reaction?

A) <.-<

#) 1.,

C) 1.- > 1<3

%) ,.2 > 1<2

Answer& A

%iff& ,$opic& 'ection 13., $he quilibrium Constant *p

(2) $he decomposition of ammonia is& ( ;53 g ) ;⇌ ( g ) 6 3 5( g ). f the pressure of ammonia

is 1.< > 1<03 atm+ and the pressures of ;( and 5( are each <.(< atm+ what is the "alue for K p/ at

,<<=C for the re"erse reaction?

A) 02.( > 1<0,

#) 01.2 > 1<3

C) 2.( > 1<0,

%) 1.2 > 1<3

Answer& C

%iff& 3


() A 1.-< F "essel contains an equilibrium mi4ture of <.1<< mol of ;7+ <.1-< mol of #r (+ and

<.(-< mol of ;7#r at (-=C. What is the "alue of K p for the reaction below?

( ;7 g ) 6 #r ( g ) ( ;7#r⇌ g )?A) (.-2#) 2(.-

C) 1.(9 > 1<(

%) 1.-3 > 1<3

Answer& A

%iff& ,$opic& 'ection 13., $he quilibrium Constant *p

(9) As a rule+ which of the following phases are not included in the equilibrium constant

e4pression?

. pure liquids . pure solids . aqueous solutions G. gasesA) + #) + G

C) + G

%) + Answer& A

%iff& 1

$opic& 'ection 13.- 5eterogeneous quilibria




(:) Which equilibrium below is homogeneous?

A) #a'7, s) #a⇌ (6aq) 6 '7,(0aq)

#) ( 5(7(l ) ( 5⇌ (7l ) 6 7( g )

C) ;5, ;73 s) ;⇌ (7 g ) 6 ( 5(7 g )

%) ( C7 g ) 6 7( g ) ( C7⇌ ( g )

Answer& %

%iff& 1


3<) What is the equilibrium equation for the dissociation of formic acid in water?

5C775 aq) 6 5(7 l ) 5⇌ 376 aq) 6 5C770 aq)

A) * c 8

#) * c 8

C) * c 8

%) * c 8

Answer& C

%iff& ($opic& 'ection 13.- 5eterogeneous quilibria

31) What is the equilibrium equation for the following reaction?C(5, g ) 6 3 7( g ) ( C7⇌ ( g ) 6 ( 5(7 l )

A) K p 8

#) K p 8

C) K p 8

%) K p 8

Answer& %%iff& (


!




3() What is the equilibrium equation for the following reaction?

@e' s) 6 ( 5376 aq) @e⇌ (6aq) 6 5(' aq) 6 ( 5(7 l )

A) K c 8

#) K c 8

C) K c 8

%) K c 8

Answer& %

%iff& (


33) What is the equilibrium equation for the following reaction?

( 5(7 l ) 5⇌ 376 aq) 6 75 H aq)

A) K c 8

#) K c 8

C) K c 8

%) K c 8 I5376J I75 H JAnswer& %

%iff& (


3,) What is the "alue for K c for the following reaction&

EbCl( s) Eb⇌ (6aq) 6 ( Cl0aq)+ if EbCl( s) 8 1.-< grams+ IEb(6J 8 1.2 > 1<0( M and ICl0J 8

3.( > 1<0( M at equilibrium? $he molar mass of EbCl( s) is (9 gmol and its densit! is -.9-

gcm3.)

A) .2 > 1<0

#) 1.2 > 1<0-

C) 2.( > 1<,

%) 1.3 > 1<2

Answer& #%iff& 3


10




3-) What is the equilibrium constant+ K c+ for the reaction& ( 5gl ) 6 7( g ) ( 5g7⇌ s) if the

amounts of reactants and products at equilibrium are& 1.<< g of 5g7 s)+ (.<< mF of 5gl )+ and

1.2< M 7( g )? $he molar mass and densit! of 5g7 s) is (1 gmol+ and 1.1< gcm3. $he molar

mass and densit! of 5gl ) is (<1 gmol+ and 13.2 gmF.)

A) 2.9- > 1<0,

#) ,.22 > 1<0(

C) <.2(-

%) 1.,2 > 1<3

Answer& C

%iff& ($opic& 'ection 13.- 5eterogeneous quilibria

32) @or which one of the following reactions will K c 8 K p?

A) C7 g ) 6 ( 5( g ) C5⇌ 375 g )

#) Kn7 s) 6 C7 g ) Kn⇌ s) 6 C7( g )

C) ( 73 g ) 3 7⇌ ( g )%) C7Cl( g ) C7⇌ g ) 6 Cl( g )

Answer& #

%iff& (


3) f K c 8 <.:<<+ and K p 8 -39 for a h!pothetical reaction+ which of the equations below could

represent the reaction at (-=C?

A) A g ) 6 # s) 3 C⇌ g )#) Al ) 6 ( # g ) ( C⇌ g )

C) # g ) C⇌ l ) 6 %l )

%) A g ) ( C⇌ s) 6 % g )

Answer& A%iff& 3


39) i"en the h!pothetical reaction& ( A s) 6 4 # g ) 3 C⇌ g )+ K p 8 <.<1<- and K c 8 <.,- at

(-<=C. What is the "alue of the coefficient 4?

A) 1#) (

C) 3

%) ,Answer& %

%iff& 3


11




3:) @or the reaction+ A g ) 6 ( # g ) ( C⇌ g )+ K c 8 1 > 1<01< at (-=C. Which of the following

statements is true?

A) Bn 8 61

#) $he concentration of the products is greater than the concentration of the reactants.C) $he reaction is fa"ored in the re"erse direction.

%) $he "alue of K p will be larger than the "alue for K c.Answer& C

%iff& ($opic& 'ection 13.2 Lsing the quilibrium Constant

,<) Which statement is true for a reaction with K c equal to (.,3 > 1<01(?

A) ncreasing the temperature will not change the "alue of K c.

#) $here are appreciable concentrations of both reactants and products.

C) $he reaction proceeds hardl! at all towards completion.%) $he reaction proceeds nearl! all the wa! to completion.

Answer& C%iff& ($opic& 'ection 13.- 5eterogeneous quilibria

,1) @or the reaction& , 5Cl g ) 6 7( g ) ( Cl⇌ ( g ) 6 ( 5(7l )+ the equilibrium constant is <.<23

at ,<< *. f the reaction quotient is <.1<<+ which of the following statements is not correct?A) I5ClJ will increase.

#) I7(J will increase.

C) ICl(J will decrease.

%) I5(7J will increase.

Answer& %


,() $he equilibrium constant is equal to -.<< at 13<< * for the reaction&( '7( g ) 6 7( g ) ( '7⇌ 3 g ).

f initial concentrations are I'7(J 8 1.(< M+ I7(J 8 <.,- M+ and I'73J 8 1.9< M+ the s!stem is

A) at equilibrium.

#) not at equilibrium and will remain in an unequilibrated state.C) not at equilibrium and will shift to the left to achie"e an equilibrium state.

%) not at equilibrium and will shift to the right to achie"e an equilibrium state.

Answer& A



12




,3) $he equilibrium constant+ K p+ equals 3.,< at (-=C for the isomeriation reaction&

cis-(0butene ⇌ trans-(0butene.

f a flas initiall! contains 1.<< atm of each gas+ in what direction will the s!stem shift to reach

equilibrium?A) t will shift left.

#) t will shift right.C) $he s!stem is alread! at equilibrium.%) $he s!stem is not at equilibrium and will remain in an unequilibrated state.

Answer& #



,,) C!clohe4ane C251() undergoes a molecular rearrangement in the presence of AlCl3 to

form meth!lc!clopentane MCE) according to the equation&

C251( MCE⇌

f K c 8 <.1,3 at (-=C for this reaction+ predict the direction the reaction will shift if the initialconcentrations of C251( and MCE are <.(<< M and <.1<< M+ respecti"el!. $he s!stem

A) will shift left.

#) will shift right.C) is alread! at equilibrium.

%) is not at equilibrium and will remain in an unequilibrated state.

Answer& A%iff& (

$opic& 'ection 13.2 Lsing the quilibrium Constant


,-) At a certain temperature+ bromine and nitric o4ide react to form nitros!l bromide&

#r ( g ) 6 ( ;7 g ) ( ;7#r⇌ g ).

When initial amounts of #r (+ ;7+ and ;7#r are mi4ed+ the concentration of ;7#r increases.

Which statement below is true?A) K c Q

#) K c D Q

C) K c 8 Q

%) More information is needed to mae a statement about * c.

Answer& #

%iff& (

$opic& 'ection 13.2 Lsing the quilibrium ConstantAlgo. 7ption& algorithmic

13




,2) At a certain temperature+ bromine and nitric o4ide react to form nitros!l bromide&

#r ( g ) 6 ( ;7 g ) ( ;7#r⇌ g ). When <.<1< mol #r ( is mi4ed with <.<(- mol ;7 and <.<1-

mol ;7#r in a (.-< F flas+ the concentration of ;7#r decreases. Which statement below is

true?A) K c 32

#) K c D 32C) K c :<

%) K c D :<

Answer& C

%iff& 3$opic& 'ection 13.2 Lsing the quilibrium Constant

,) An equilibrium mi4ture of C7+ 7( and C7( at a certain temperature contains <.<<1< M C7(

and <.<<1- M 7(. At this temperature+ K c+ equals 1., > 1<( for the reaction&

( C7 g ) 6 7( g ) ( C7⇌ ( g ).

What is the equilibrium concentration of C7?A) ,.9 > 1<02 M

#) (.( > 1<03 M

C) :.3 > 1<0( M

%) 3.1 > 1<01 M

Answer& #%iff& 3



,9) At a certain temperature+ K c equals 1., > 1<( for the reaction&

( C7 g ) 6 7( g ) ( C7⇌ ( g ).

f a (.-<0F flas contains <.,<< mol of C7( and <.1<< mol of 7( at equilibrium+ how man!

moles of C7 are also present in the flas?

A) <.,(( mol#) <.12: mol

C) <.1< mol

%) <.<11, mol

Answer& #%iff& ,



14




,:) @or the isomeriation reaction&

butane isobutane⇌

K p equals (- at -<<=C. f the initial pressures of butane and isobutane are 1<. atm and <.< atm+

respecti"el!+ what are the pressures of the two gases at equilibrium?A) P butane) 8 <.39 atm and P isobutane) 8 :.2 atm

#) P butane) 8 <.,< atm and P isobutane) 8 1<. atmC) P butane) 8 :.2 atm and P isobutane) 8 <.39 atm%) P butane) 8 1< atm and P isobutane) 8 <.,< atm

Answer& A



-<) $he following two isomers of C35 ;7 e4ist in equilibrium with each other in solution&

f K c 8 <.- at (-=C and the initial concentration of the reactant is <.-< M and the product is <.<

M+ what are the concentrations at equilibrium?

A) IreactantJ 8 <.,3 M and IproductJ 8 <.(, M

#) IreactantJ 8 <.2 M and IproductJ 8 <.39 MC) IreactantJ 8 <.2 M and IproductJ 8 <.,, M

%) IreactantJ 8 <.9( M and IproductJ 8 <., M

Answer& C%iff& 3


-1) C!clohe4ane C251() undergoes a molecular rearrangement in the presence of AlCl3 to

form meth!lc!clopentane C53C-5:) according to the equation&

C251( C5⇌ 3C-5:f K c 8 <.1,3 at (-=C for this reaction+ find the equilibrium concentrations of C251( and

C53C-5: if the initial concentrations are <.(<< M and <.1<< M+ respecti"el!.

A) IC251(J 8 <.<2(- and IC53C-5:J 8 <.<2( M

#) IC251(J 8 <.139 and IC53C-5:J 8 <.12( M

C) IC251(J 8 <.(2( M and IC53C-5:J 8 <.<39 M

%) IC251(J 8 <.(9( and IC53C-5:J 8 <.<19 M

Answer& C%iff& 3



15




-() At a certain temperature the equilibrium constant+ K c+ equals <.11 for the reaction&

( Cl g ) ⇌ ( g ) 6 Cl( g ).

What is the equilibrium concentration of Cl if <.- mol of ( and <.- mol of Cl( are initiall!

mi4ed in a (.<0F flas?

A) <.(3 M

#) <.(9 MC) <.,- M

%) <.-2Answer& C

%iff& ,



-3) $he equilibrium constant+ K p+ equals 3.,< for the isomeriation reaction&

cis-(0butene⇌ trans-(0butene.f a flas initiall! contains <.(-< atm of cis-(0butene and <.1(- atm of trans-(0butene+ what is

the equilibrium pressure of each gas?A) P cis-(0butene) 8 <.<3 atm+ P trans-(0butene) 8 <.1(- atm#) P cis-(0butene) 8 <.<,9 atm+ P trans-(0butene) 8 <.12- atm

C) P cis-(0butene) 8 <.<, atm+ P trans-(0butene) 8 <.(-< atm

%) P cis-(0butene) 8 <.<9- atm+ P trans-(0butene) 8 <.(:< atmAnswer& %

%iff& ,



-,) Ehosphorus pentachloride decomposes to phosphorus trichloride at high temperatures

according to the reaction&

At (-<=C+ <.(-< M ECl- is added to a flas. f K c 8 1.9<+ what are the equilibrium

concentrations of each gas?

A) IECl-J 8 <.<(9< M+ IECl3J 8 <.((( M+ ICl(J 8 <.((( M

#) IECl-J 8 1.(- M+ IECl3J 8 <.,, M+ ICl(J 8 <.,, M

C) IECl-J 8 1.9< M+ IECl3J 8 1.9< M+ ICl(J 8 1.9< M

%) IECl-J 8 (.( M+ IECl3J 8 (.<( M+ ICl(J 8 (.<( M

Answer& A

%iff& -


16




--) $he esterification of acetic acid and ethanol is gi"en b! the reaction below&

C(5-75aq) 6 C53C775aq) C5⇌ 3C77C(5-aq) 6 5(7l )

When 1.<< mol of ethanol was mi4ed with (.<< mol of acid in a 1.<< F flas+ <.92 mol of ester

was formed at room temperature. What is the "alue of the equilibrium constant+ K c?

A) <.,3

#) (.3C) ,.2

%) -.,Answer& %

%iff& ,


-2) K p is equal to ,9.< at 31 * for the reaction& 5( g ) 6 ( g ) ( 5⇌ g ). nitiall! the mi4ture

contains <.<9-:( atm each of 5( and ( and 1.<<<< atm of 5. What is the pressure of 5 at

equilibrium?

A) <.:-- atm

#) <.:1<9 atmC) <.:1,< atm

%) <.:,:9 atmAnswer& #

%iff& ,


-) When baing soda is heated it decomposes according to the following reaction&

( ;a5C73 s) ;a⇌ (C73 s) 6 5(7 g ) 6 C7( g )

f sufficient baing soda is placed in a container and heated to :<=C+ the total pressure of the

gases is <.-,-1 atm. What is the "alue of K p at that temperature?

A) <.<,(9

#) <.(:3C) <.,((9

%) 1.<:1

Answer& A


17




-9) Ammonium carbamate can dissociate into gases at (-=C according to the reaction&

;5(C77;5, s) ( ;5⇌ 3 g ) 6 C7( g )

f sufficient ammonium carbamate is sealed in a flas+ the total pressure will be <.11 atm at

equilibrium. What is the "alue of K p at (-=C?

A) (.3 > 1<0,

#) (.<< > 1<0,

C) 1.2< > 1<03

%) 3.,( > 1<01

Answer& A

%iff& ,$opic& 'ection 13.2 Lsing the quilibrium Constant

-:) aseous h!drogen bromide decomposes at ele"ated temperatures according to the following

equation& . At a certain temperature a (.<< F flas is initiall! filled onl!

with <.2<< mol of 5#r. What is the "alue of K c at that temperature if the flas contains <.1<,

mol of 5( at equilibrium?A) .<, > 1<0(

#) ,.,< > 1<0(

C) 3.<< > 1<0(

%) (.1< > 1<01

Answer& A%iff& ,


2<) When reaction 1) and () below are added together+ the result is reaction 3).

1) 5(7l ) 6 5;7(aq) 5⇌

376

aq) 6 ;7(0aq)

() 5376aq) 6 750aq) ( 5⇌ (7l )

3) 5;7(aq) 6 750aq) ;7⇌ (0aq) 6 5(7l )

f K 1 8 ,.-< > 1<0,+ and K ( 8 1.<< > 1<1,+ find the equilibrium constant+ K 3.

A) ,.-< > 1<019

#) ,.-< > 1<1<

C) 1.<< > 1<1,

%) (.(( > 1<1

Answer& #

%iff& 3


1




21) 74alic acid can donate two protons to water in successi"e reactions&

1) 5(C(7,aq) 6 5(7l ) 5⇌ 376aq) 6 5C(7,0aq)

() 5C(7,0aq) 6 5(7l ) 5⇌ 376aq) 6 C(7,(0aq)

f K c1 8 -.: > 1<0( and K c( 8 2., > 1<0- at (-=C+ what is the "alue of K c for reaction 3)?

3) 5(C(7,aq) 6 ( 5(7l ) ( 5⇌ 376aq) 6 C(7,(0aq)A) 3.9 > 1<02

#) 1.1 > 1<03

C) -.: > 1<0(

%) :.( > 1<(

Answer& A


2() Acids donate protons to water according to the general equation&

5Aaq) 6 5(7l ) 5⇌

376

aq) 6 A0aq)

Consider the following acids and their equilibrium constants for reaction with water at (-=C. fall the acids ha"e the same initial concentration+ which is the strongest acid i.e. which donates

the most protons to water)?

A) 5#r7+ K c 8 (.< > 1<0:

#) 5;7(+ K c 8 ,.- > 1<0,

C) 5@+ K c 8 3.- > 1<0,

%) 573+ K c 8 1. > 1<01

Answer& %

%iff& (


23) @or acid solutions of the same molarit! acid strength is proportional to the equilibrium

concentration of 5376. @or equimolar solutions of acids+ which equilibrium e4pression below

corresponds to the strongest acid?

A) K c 8 8 3.- > 1< H,

#) K c 8 8 3.- > 1< H9

C) K c 8 8 ,.- > 1< H,

%) K c 8 8 ,.: > 1< H1<

Answer& C


1!




2,) T he equilibrium constant K c for the reaction 5@aq) 6 5(7l ) 5⇌ 376aq) 6@0aq) is 3.- >

1<0,. What is the equilibrium concentration of 5376 if the initial concentration of 5@ is 1.< M?

A) 1.< M

#) 3.- > 1< H( M

C) 1.: > 1< H(

M%) 1.: > 1<0, M

Answer& C


2-) $he solubilit! of 1&1 salts is measured b! the equilibrium constant for the general reaction&

MN s) 8 Mn6aq) 6 Nn0aq). i"en the following salts and their equilibrium constants for thereaction abo"e at (-=C+ which salt is the leat soluble?

A) MgC73+ K c 8 2.9 > 1<02

#) CaC73+ K c 8 -.< > 1<0:

C) 'rC73+ K c 8 -.2 > 1<01<

%) #aC73+ K c 8 (.2 > 1<0:

Answer& C

%iff& 3


22) 'alt solubilities can be compared b! the concentration of cation formed when the salt

dissol"es in the general reaction& MaN b s) a M⇌ b6aq) 6 b Na0aq). i"en the following salts

and their equilibrium constants for the reaction abo"e at (-=C+ which salt is the leat soluble?

A) AgCl+ K c 8 1.9 > 1<01<

#) Ag('7,+ K c 8 1.( > 1<0-

C) CaC73+ K c 8 (.2 > 1<0:

%) Ca@(+ K c 8 1.- > 1< H1<

Answer& A

%iff& 3


2) Of a stress is applied to a reaction mi4ture at equilibrium+ the reaction occurs in the direction

that will relie"e the stress.O $his statement is called

A) the @irst Faw of $hermod!namics.#) the Faw of Combining Golumes.

C) the Faw of Mass Action.

%) Fe ChPtelier/s principle.Answer& %

%iff& (

$opic& 'ection 13. @actors $hat Alter the Composition of an quilibrium Mi4ture& FeChPtelier/ Erinciple

20




29) Which of the following changes in reaction conditions will alter the composition of an

equilibrium mi4ture of gases for a reaction ha"ing unequal moles of gaseous products and

gaseous reactants?A) addition of reactants or products

#) decreasing the pressure or "olume

C) increasing the temperature%) All of the abo"e will alter the equilibrium concentrations.

Answer& %

%iff& ($opic& 'ection 13. @actors $hat Alter the Composition of an quilibrium Mi4ture& Fe

ChPtelier/ Erinciple

2:) @or a homogeneous equilibrium of gases+ which of the following changes in reactionconditions will not alter the equilibrium concentrations?

A) addition of an inert gas to the reaction mi4ture

#) addition of reactants or products

C) decreasing the pressure or "olume%) increasing the temperature

Answer& A%iff& (

$opic& 'ection 13. @actors $hat Alter the Composition of an quilibrium Mi4ture& Fe

ChPtelier/ Erinciple

<) @or the reaction shown below+ which change in conditions made to the s!stem at equilibrium

will result in a net reaction to the right to form more product?

C s) 6 ( 5( g ) C5⇌ , g ) B H = 8 H ,.9

A) adding more C

#) decreasing the concentration of 5(C) increasing the concentration of 5(

%) increasing the concentration of C5,

Answer& C

%iff& 3$opic& 'ection 13.9 $he ffect of Concentration Changes on an quilibrium Mi4ture

1) $he pin and blue species below form a "iolet colored mi4ture at equilibrium&

ICo5(7)2J(6 aq) 6 , Cl0 aq) ICoCl⇌ ,J(0 aq) 6 2 5(7 l )

pin) blue)

f the concentration of ICo5(7)2J(6

is increased+ what happens to the solution?A) $he concentration of ICoCl,J(0 increases.

#) $he concentration of ICoCl,J(0 decreases.

C) $he solution becomes colorless.%) ;o color change is obser"ed.

Answer& A


21




() ron o4ide ores are reduced to iron metal b! e4othermic reaction with carbon mono4ide&

Which of the following changes in condition will cause the equilibrium to shift to the right?A) add @e7

#) add C7

C) add C7(%) raise the temperatureAnswer& #

%iff& 3

$opic& 'ection 13.9 $he ffect of Concentration Changes on an quilibrium Mi4ture

3) $he enthalp! for the following reaction is 132 . f the reaction taes place in a closed

container+ which one of the following reaction conditions will not decrease the concentration ofwater "apor?

( ;a5C73 s) ;a⇌ (C73 s) 6 C7( g ) 6 5(7 g )

A) add C7(

#) cool the container C) decrease the "olume of the container %) remo"e some ;a5C73Answer& %

%iff& 3

$opic& 'ection 13.9 $he ffect of Concentration Changes on an quilibrium Mi4ture

,) A crude t!pe of disappearing in is based on the following endothermic equilibrium&

ICo5(7)2JCl( aq) ICoCl⇌ (5(7),J aq) 6 ( 5(7 l )

colorless) blue)f the reactant solution is used to on a piece of paper and the paper is allowed to partiall! dr!+

what can be done to bring out the colored handwriting?

A) add water #) decrease the "olume

C) put the paper in a freeer

%) put the paper in an o"en

Answer& %%iff& 3

$opic& 'ection 13.1< $he ffect of $emperature Changes on an quilibrium Mi4ture

-) @or the reaction shown below+ which change in conditions made to the s!stem at equilibrium


C s) 6 ( 5( g ) C5⇌ , g ) B H = 8 H ,.9

A) adding 5e#) adding more C

C) decreasing the "olume

%) increasing the "olumeAnswer& C

%iff& 3

$opic& 'ection 13.: $he ffect of Eressure and Golume Changes on an quilibrium Mi4ture

22




2) Which change in the s!stem will dri"e equilibrium to the left in the reaction below?

;(7- g ) ;7⇌ ( g ) 6 ;73 g )

A) decrease the amount of ;73

#) increase the amount of ;(7-

C) increase the pressure

%) increase the "olumeAnswer& C

%iff& 3$opic& 'ection 13.: $he ffect of Eressure and Golume Changes on an quilibrium Mi4ture

) Ammonium bromide is a cr!stalline solid that decomposes endothermicall! when heated&

;5,#r s) ;5⇌ 3 g ) 6 5#r g ). When solid ;5,#r is added to an e"acuated flas at 3<<=C+

which change in reaction conditions below will cause the equilibrium to shift to the right?

A) add more ;53

#) add more ;5,#r

C) decrease the temperature%) double the "olume of the container Answer& %

%iff& 3


9) @or the reaction shown below+ which change in conditions made to the s!stem at equilibrium


C s) 6 ( 5( g ) C5⇌ , g ) B H = 8 H ,.9

A) adding more C

#) increasing the "olume

C) lowering the temperature%) raising the temperatureAnswer& C

%iff& 3


:) $he o"erall reaction for photos!nthesis can be represented b! the following equation&

2 C7( g ) 6 2 5(7l ) C⇌ 251(72 s) 6 2 7( g )

$he enthalp! change for this reaction is (9<( . Which of the following changes in conditionwill shift the equilibrium to the right?

A) increase the pressure of 7(

#) increase the temperatureC) remo"e C7( b! reaction with Ca7 s)

%) remo"e one0half of C251(72 s)

Answer& #

%iff& 3


23




9<) $he dissolution of calcium h!dro4ide is e4othermic.

Ca75)( s) Ca⇌ (6aq) 6 ( 750aq) What happens when the solution of Ca75)( is heated?

A) $he amount of Ca75)( s) decreases.

#) $he amount of Ca75)( s) increases.

C) $he amount of Ca75)( s) remains unchanged.

%) $he Ca75)( s) completel! dissol"es.

Answer& #%iff& (


91) Calcium carbonate is relati"el! insoluble and the dissolution reaction is endothermic&

CaC73 s) Ca⇌ (6aq) 6 C73(0aq). Which change in reaction condition below will shift the

equilibrium to the right?

A) add an acid to react with C73(0 ion

#) add an anion with which Ca(6 is e"en less soluble than calcium carbonate

C) increase the temperature

%) All of the abo"e will shift reaction to the right.Answer& %

%iff& 3


9() $he decomposition of nitros!l bromide is e4othermic& ( ;7#r g ) ( ;7⇌ g ) 6 #r ( g ).

Which of the following changes in reaction condition will shift the reaction to the left?

A) add more ;7#r #) decrease the temperature

C) increase the container "olume

%) none of the abo"e

Answer& %%iff& 3


93) Which of the following changes in reaction conditions will not alter the composition of a

homogeneous equilibrium mi4ture of gases in a reaction ha"ing unequal moles of gaseous

products and reactants?A) addition of a catal!st

#) addition of reactants or products

C) decreasing the temperature

%) increasing the pressure or "olumeAnswer& A

%iff& (

$opic& 'ection 13.11 $he ffect of a Catal!st on quilibrium

24




9,) Which of the following statements about a catal!st is true?

A) A catal!st changes the position of the equilibrium in a reaction.

#) A catal!st increases the temperature of a reaction.C) A catal!st is consumed in a chemical reaction.

%) A catal!st pro"ides a lower energ! pathwa! for a reaction.

Answer& %%iff& (


9-) A catal!st increases the o"erall rate of reaction b! lowering the acti"ation energ!+ E a+ for

A) both the forward reaction and the re"erse reaction.

#) neither the forward reaction nor the re"erse reaction.

C) onl! the forward reaction.%) onl! the re"erse reaction.

Answer& A

%iff& (


92) A catal!st increases the rate of a chemical reaction b! pro"iding a lower0energ! mechanismfor the reaction. When this occurs+ which one of the following is not affected?

A) acti"ation energ! for the forward reaction

#) acti"ation energ! for the re"erse reactionC) equilibrium constant

%) rate of the re"erse reaction

Answer& C

%iff& ($opic& 'ection 13.11 $he ffect of a Catal!st on quilibrium

9) A reaction reaches d!namic equilibrium at a gi"en temperature whenA) the amount of products e4ceeds the amount of reactants.

#) k fwd equals k re".

C) opposing reactions cease and the s!stem is static.

%) the relati"e amounts of reactants and products are constant and ratefwd 8 ratere".

Answer& %%iff& (

$opic& 'ection 13.3 $he Fin #etween Chemical quilibrium and Chemical *inetics

25




99) @ind the equilibrium constant for the reaction& at (-=C when equals

for the reaction at (-=C and k equals for

the reaction&

A) 3.9 > 1<0(-

#) 1. > 1<01(

C) 1.1 > 1<01(%) -.(

Answer& %%iff& 3


9:) At (-=C+ a certain first order reaction has a rate constant equal to 1.<< > 1<03 s01 and anequilibrium constant+ K c+ equal to ,.19. What is the rate constant for the re"erse reaction?

A) (.3: > 1<0, s01

#) 3,.19 > 1<03 s01

C) (.3: > 1<( s01%) ,.19 > 1<3 s01

Answer& A

%iff& 3$opic& 'ection 13.3 $he Fin #etween Chemical quilibrium and Chemical *inetics

:<) ;icel metal can be prepared b! the reduction of nicel o4ide&

;i7 s) 6 C7 g ) C7⇌ ( g ) 6 ;i s)

At :32 *+ K p 8 ,.-, > 1<3 and at 11(- *+ K p 8 1.-9 > 1<3. Which statement is true?

A) $he acti"ation energ! decreases with increasing temperature.

#) $he acti"ation energ! increases with increasing temperature.

C) $he reaction is endothermic.%) $he reaction is e4othermic.

Answer& %

%iff& ($opic& 'ection 13., $he quilibrium Constant *p

26




:1) $he he4aammine cobalt) ion is "er! unstable in acidic aqueous solution&

ICo;53)2J36aq) 6 2 5376aq) R ICo5(7)2J,6aq) 6 2 ;5,6aq)

5owe"er+ solutions of he4aammine cobalt) can be stored in acidic solution for months

without noticeable decomposition. Which statement below about the equilibrium constant andthe acti"ation energ! for the reaction is true?

A) K eq 1<3 and E a is "er! small.

#) K eq D 1<3 and E a is "er! small.

C) K eq 1<3 and E a is "er! large.

%) K eq D 1<3 and E a is "er! large.

Answer& %%iff& ,


:() $he reaction below "irtuall! goes to completion because c!anide ion forms "er! stable

comple4es with ;i(6 ion&

I;i5(7)2J(6aq) 6 , C;0aq) R I;iC;),J(0aq) 6 2 5(7l )

At the same time+ incorporation of 1,C labelled c!anide ion 1,C;0) is "er! rapid&

I;iC;),J(0aq) 6 , 1,C;0aq) 8 I;i1,C;),J(0aq) 6 , C;0aq)

Which statement below is correct with regard to stabilit! and rate of reaction?

A) quilibrium is static.

#) 'table species can react rapidl!.C) 'table species do not react rapidl!.

%) Lnstable species react rapidl!.

Answer& #%iff& 3


27




Consider the intercon"ersion of A molecules shaded spheres) and # molecules unshaded

spheres) according to the reaction A #. ach of the following series of pictures represents a⇌

separate e4periment in which time increases from left to right.

:3) Which of these e4periments has resulted in an equilibrium state?

A) all of the e4periments e4cept e4periment 1)

#) all of the e4periments e4cept e4periment ()C) all of the e4periments e4cept e4periment 3)

%) all of the e4periments e4cept e4periment ,)

Answer& #%iff& (

$opic& Conceptual Eroblems

:,) What is the "alue of the equilibrium constant K c for the reaction A #?⇌

A) K c 8 <.33

#) K c 8 3.<

C) K c 8 1(

%) ( K c 8 (

Answer& #

%iff& 3$opic& Conceptual Eroblems

2




$he following pictures represent the equilibrium state for four different reactions of the t!pe

A atoms are unshaded. N atoms are shaded.

:-) Which reaction has the largest equilibrium constant?

A) A( 6 #( ( A#⇌

#) A( 6 C( ( AC⇌

C) A( 6 %( ( A%⇌

%) A( 6 ( ( A⇌

Answer& A


:2) Which reaction has the smallest equilibrium constant?

A) A( 6 #( ( A#⇌

#) A( 6 C( ( AC⇌

C) A( 6 %( ( A%⇌

%) A( 6 ( ( A⇌

Answer& C

%iff& 3


:) $he reaction A( 6 #( ( A# has an equilibrium constant * ⇌ c 8 1.9. $he following pictures

represent reaction mi4tures that contain A( molecules shaded) and #( molecules unshaded)+

and A# molecules. Which reaction mi4ture is at equilibrium?

A) reaction mi4ture 1)#) reaction mi4ture ()

C) reaction mi4ture 3)

%) reaction mi4ture ,)

Answer& #%iff& 3


2!




:9) $he following pictures represent mi4tures of cis0C(5(N( molecules and trans0C(5(N(

molecules+ which intercon"ert according to the equation cis0C(5(N( ⇌ trans0C(5(N(. f

mi4ture 1) is at equilibrium+ which of the other mi4tures are also at equilibrium?

A) mi4ture ()#) mi4ture 3)

C) mi4ture ,)

%) ;one of the other mi4tures are at equilibrium.Answer& #


::) $he following pictures represent mi4tures of cis0C(5(N( molecules and trans0C(5(N(

molecules+ which intercon"ert according to the equation cis0C(5(N( ⇌ trans0C(5(N(. f

mi4ture 1) is at equilibrium+ which of the other mi4tures are also at equilibrium?


C) mi4ture ,)

%) ;one of the other mi4tures are at equilibrium.Answer& %

%iff& 3


30




1<<) $he following pictures represent mi4tures of A(#, molecules and A#( molecules+ which

intercon"ert according to the equation A(#, ( A#⇌ (. f mi4ture 1) is at equilibrium+ which of

the other mi4tures are also at equilibrium?

A) mi4ture ()

#) mi4ture 3)

C) mi4ture ,)%) ;one of the other mi4tures are at equilibrium.

Answer& A


1<1) $he following pictures represent mi4tures of A(#, molecules and A#( molecules+ which

intercon"ert according to the equation A(#, ( A#⇌ (. f mi4ture 1) is at equilibrium+ which of

the other mi4tures are also at equilibrium?


C) mi4ture ,)

%) ;one of the other mi4tures are at equilibrium.Answer& C

%iff& 3


31




1<() 'hown below is a concentration "s. time plot for the reaction A #. @or this reaction the⇌

"alue of the equilibrium constant is

A) K c 1.

#) K c 8 <.

C) K c 8 1.

%) K c D 1.

Answer& %

%iff& (


1<3) 'hown below is a concentration "s. time plot for the reaction A (#. @or this reaction the⇌


A) K c 1.

#) K c 8 <.

C) K c 8 1.

%) K c D 1.

Answer& A

%iff& ($opic& Conceptual Eroblems

32




1<,) 'hown below is a concentration "s. time plot for the reaction A #. @or this reaction the⇌


A) K c 1.

#) K c 8 <.C) K c 8 1.

%) K c D 1.

Answer& C

%iff& (


1<-) 'hown below is a concentration "s. time plot for the reaction A (#. @or this reaction the⇌


A) K c 1.

#) K c 8 <.

C) K c 8 1.

%) K c D 1.

Answer& A%iff& (


33




1<2) 'hown below is a concentration "s. time plot for the reaction A #. @or this reaction the⇌


A) K c 1.

#) K c 8 <.C) K c 8 1.

%) K c D 1.

Answer& A%iff& (


1<) 'hown below is a concentration "s. time plot for the reaction A (#. @or this reaction the⇌


A) K c 1.

#) K c 8 <.

C) K c 8 1.

%) K c D 1.

Answer& A


34




1<9) $he following picture represents the equilibrium state for the reaction A( 6 #( (A#.⇌

What is the relationship between the rate constant for the forward reaction+ k f + and the rate

constant for the re"erse reaction k r ?

A) k f k r

#) k f 8 k r 8 <

C) k f 8 k r %) k f D k r Answer& C


1<:) $he following picture represents the equilibrium state for the reaction A( 6 #( (A#.⇌



A) k f k r #) k f 8 k r 8 <

C) k f 8 k r %) k f D k r Answer& %

%iff& (


35




11<) $he following picture represents the equilibrium state for the reaction A( 6 #( (A#.⇌



A) k f k r

#) k f 8 k r 8 <

C) k f 8 k r

%) k f D k r

Answer& A%iff& (


$he reaction A( 6 #( (A# has an equilibrium constant⇌ K c 8 1.9. $he following pictures

represent reaction mi4tures that contain A( molecules shaded) and #( molecules unshaded)+

and A# molecules.

111) Which nonequilibrium mi4ture will react in the forward direction to reach equilibrium?

A) reaction mi4ture 1)#) reaction mi4ture ()

C) reaction mi4ture 3)

%) reaction mi4ture ,)Answer& C

%iff& 3


11() Which nonequilibrium mi4tures will react in the re"erse direction to reach equilibrium?

A) reaction mi4tures 1) and ()

#) reaction mi4tures 1) and ,)C) reaction mi4tures () and 3)

%) reaction mi4tures 3) and ,)

Answer& #%iff& 3


36




$he following pictures represent the initial state and the equilibrium state for the gaseous state

reaction of A( molecules shaded spheres) with # atoms unshaded spheres) to gi"e A#

molecules.

113) What is the best balanced chemical equation for the reaction?

A) A( 6 # A⇌ (#

#) 1A( 6 ( # A⇌ (#(

C) A( 6 ( # ( A#⇌

%) 2 A( 6 : # 3 A⇌

( 6 3# 6 2 A#Answer& C%iff& 1


11,) f the "olume of the equilibrium mi4ture is decreased+ what will happen to the number ofA# molecules and the number of # atoms?

A) $he number of A# molecules and the number of # atoms will both decrease.

#) $he number of A# molecules will increaseS the number of # atoms will decrease.C) $he number of A# molecules will decreaseS the number of # atoms will increase.

%) $he number of A# molecules and the number of # atoms will both increase.

Answer& #%iff& 3


37




Consider the reaction A 6 # ( A#. $he "essel on the right contains an equilibrium mi4ture of⇌

A atoms shaded spheres)+ # atoms unshaded spheres)+ and A# molecules.

11-) f the barrier between the two "essels is remo"ed and the contents of the two "essels are

allowed to mi4+ what will be obser"ed?A) $he reaction will go in the forward direction decreasing the number of A atoms and # atoms

and increasing the number of A# molecules.

#) $he reaction will go in the forward direction increasing the number of A atoms and # atomsand decreasing the number of A# molecules.

C) $he reaction will go in the re"erse direction decreasing the number of A atoms and # atomsand increasing the number of A# molecules.

%) $he reaction will go in the re"erse direction increasing the number of A atoms and # atomsand decreasing the number of A# molecules.

Answer& %


3




Eicture 1) represents the equilibrium mi4ture for the reaction A 6 # ( A# at (:9 *.⇌

112) f this reaction is e4othermic+ which picture ()0,) represents the equilibrium mi4ture at

,<< *?

A) picture ()#) picture 3)

C) picture ,)

%) none of the abo"eAnswer& C


11) f this reaction is endothermic+ which picture ()0,) represents the equilibrium mi4ture at

,<< *?A) picture ()

#) picture 3)

C) picture ,)%) none of the abo"e

Answer& #

%iff& 3


3!




119) Eicture 1) represents the equilibrium mi4ture for the gas0phase reaction A 6 # ( A# at⇌

(:9 *. f the "olume of the equilibrium mi4ture is decreased+ which picture ()0,) represents the

equilibrium at the reduced "olume?

A) picture ()

#) picture 3)

C) picture ,)%) none of the abo"e

Answer& A


Eicture 1) represents an equilibrium mi4ture of solid CaC73+ solid Ca7+ and gaseous C7(+

obtained as a result of the endothermic decomposition of CaC73.

11:) Which picture ()0,) represents the equilibrium mi4ture after addition of four more C7(

molecules?

A) picture ()

#) picture 3)C) picture ,)


Answer& A%iff& 3


1(<) Which picture ()0,) represents the equilibrium mi4ture at a higher temperature?

A) picture ()



Answer& C%iff& 3


40




1(1) Which picture ()0,) represents the equilibrium mi4ture when a catal!st is added?

A) picture ()#) picture 3)

C) picture ,)

%) all of the abo"eAnswer& A

%iff& (


1(() Which picture ()0,) represents the equilibrium mi4ture when more solid CaC73 is added?

A) picture ()


%) all of the abo"e

Answer& A


1(3) Which picture ()0,) represents the equilibrium mi4ture when more solid Ca7 is added?A) picture ()

#) picture 3)

C) picture ,)%) all of the abo"e

Answer& A

%iff& 3


41




13.( Algorithmic Questions

1) @or the reaction& ;( g ) 6 ( 7( g ) ( ;7⇌ ( g )+ K c 8 9.3 > 1<01< at (-=C. What is the

concentration of ;( gas at equilibrium when the concentration of ;7( is fi"e times the

concentration of 7( gas?

A) 3.3 > 1<011 M

#) 1. > 1<01< M

C) 2.< > 1<: M

%) 3.< > 1<1< M

Answer& %

%iff& 3

$opic& 'ection 13.( $he quilibrium Constant *cAlgo. 7ption& algorithmic

() $he decomposition of ammonia is& ( ;53 g ) 8 ;( g ) 6 3 5( g ). f K p is 1.- > 1<3 at ,<<=C+

what is the partial pressure of ammonia at equilibrium when ;( is <.1< atm and 5( is <.1- atm?

A) (.( > 1<0 atm

#) ,. > 1<0, atm

C) (.1 > 1<3 atm

%) ,., > 1<2 atm

Answer& #

%iff& 3$opic& 'ection 13., $he quilibrium Constant *p


3) $he equilibrium constant is equal to -.<< at 13<< * for the reaction&( '7( g ) 6 7( g ) ( '7⇌ 3 g ).

f initial concentrations are I'7(J 8 2.<< M+ I7(J 8 <.,- M+ and I'73J 8 :.<< M+ the s!stem is

A) at equilibrium.

#) not at equilibrium and will remain in an unequilibrated state.C) not at equilibrium and will shift to the left to achie"e an equilibrium state.

%) not at equilibrium and will shift to the right to achie"e an equilibrium state.

Answer& A



42




,) $he equilibrium constant+ K p+ equals 3.,< at (-=C for the isomeriation reaction&


f a flas initiall! contains -.<< atm of each gas+ in what direction will the s!stem shift to reach

equilibrium?A) t will shift left.

#) t will shift right.C) $he s!stem is alread! at equilibrium.%) $he s!stem is not at equilibrium and will remain in an unequilibrated state.

Answer& #



-) C!clohe4ane C251() undergoes a molecular rearrangement in the presence of AlCl3 to form

meth!lc!clopentane MCE) according to the equation&

C251( MCE⇌

f K c 8 <.1,3 at (-=C for this reaction+ predict the direction in which the s!stem will shift if theinitial concentrations of C251( and MCE are <.<,<< M and <.<(<< M+ respecti"el!. $he s!stem

A) will shift left.

#) will shift right.C) is alread! at equilibrium.

%) is not at equilibrium and will remain in an unequilibrated state.

Answer& A%iff& (



2) At a certain temperature+ nitrogen and h!drogen react to form ammonia& ;( g ) 6 3 5( g ) ( ;5⇌ 3 g ).

When initial amounts of ;(+ 5(+ and ;53 are mi4ed+ the concentration of ;53 increases. Which

statement below is true?

A) K c Q

#) K c D Q

C) K c 8 Q

%) More information is needed to mae a statement about * c.

Answer& #%iff& (


43




) An equilibrium mi4ture of C7+ 7( and C7( at a certain temperature contains <.<<1< M C7(

and <.<1<< M 7(. At this temperature+ K c equals 1., > 1<( for the reaction&

( C7 g ) 6 7( g ) ( C7⇌ ( g ).

What is the equilibrium concentration of C7?

A) .1 > 1<0 M

#) 9., > 1<0, M

C) 1., > 1<0( M

%) 1.( > 1<01 MAnswer& #

%iff& 3



9) $he equilibrium constant+ + is equal to (.<< at 1<<<= C for the reaction&

(C7 g ) C⇌ g ) 6 C g )

f <.<:moles of C and <.<: moles of C are introduced into a 1.<0F flas+ what will be theconcentration of C7 when equilibrium is reached?

A) <.<,1 M#) <.<-9 M

C) <.<(1 M

%) <.<(- MAnswer& A

%iff& 3



:) $he equilibrium constant+ + is equal to (.<< at 1<<<= C for the reaction&(C7 g ) C⇌ g ) 6 C g )

f (.< moles of C7 is introduced into in a 1.<0F flas+ what will be the concentration of C

when equilibrium is reached?

A) <., M

#) <.-( MC) 1.<1 M

%) <.9 M

Answer& A



44




1<) $he equilibrium constant+ + is equal to 1., at 1(<<= * for the reaction&

C g ) 6 g ) C7⇌ g ) 6 7 g )

f <.- moles of C and <.- moles of are introduced into a 1.<0F flas+ what will be the

concentration of C when equilibrium is reached?

A) <.3, M

#) <.,1 MC) <.,, M

%) <.-1M

Answer& A%iff& 3



11) $he equilibrium constant+ + is equal to 1., at 1(<<= * for the reaction&

C g ) 6 g ) C7⇌ g ) 6 7 g )

f <.2- moles of C and <.2- moles of are introduced into a 1.<0F flas+ what will be the

concentration of C7 when equilibrium is reached?A) <.3< M#) <.3- M

C) <.39 M

%) <.,(MAnswer& #

%iff& 3


1() $he equilibrium constant+ + is equal to 1., at 1(<<= * for the reaction&

C g ) 6 g ) C7⇌ g ) 6 7 g )f <.-< moles of C and <.2< moles of are introduced into a 1.<0F flas+ what will be the

concentration of C when equilibrium is reached?

A) <.3< M

#) <.(1 M

C) <.3- M%) <.--M

Answer& #

%iff& -


45




13) $he equilibrium constant+ + is equal to 1., at 1(<<= * for the reaction&

C g ) 6 g ) C7⇌ g ) 6 7 g )

f <.-< moles of C and <.2< moles of are introduced into a 1.<0F flas+ what will be the

concentration of C7 when equilibrium is reached?

A) <.3< M

#) <.(1 MC) <.3- M

%) <.--MAnswer& A

%iff& -


1,) At a certain temperature+ K c equals 1., > 1<( for the reaction&

( C7 g ) 6 7( g ) ( C7⇌ ( g ).

f a 3.<<0F flas contains <.,<< mol of C7( and <.1<< mol of 7( at equilibrium+ how man!

moles of C7 are also present in the flas?A) <.--- mol

#) <.19- mol

C) <.1< mol

%) <.<11, molAnswer& #

%iff& ,


1-) @or the isomeriation reaction& butane isobutane⇌

K p equals (- at -<<=C. f the initial pressures of butane and isobutane are (<. atm and <.< atm+

respecti"el!+ what are the pressures of the two gases at equilibrium?

A) P butane) 8 <. atm and P isobutane) 8 1:.( atm#) P butane) 8 <.9< atm and P isobutane) 8 (<. atm

C) P butane) 8 1:.( atm and P isobutane) 8 <. atm

%) P butane) 8 (< atm and P isobutane) 8 <.9< atm

Answer& A%iff& 3



46




12) C!clohe4ane+ C251(+ undergoes a molecular rearrangement in the presence of AlCl3 to form

meth!lc!clopentane+ C53C-5:+ according to the equation&

C251( C5⇌ 3C-5:

f K c 8 <.1,3 at (-=C for this reaction+ find the equilibrium concentrations of C251( and

C53C-5: if the initial concentrations are <.(<< M and <.<- M+ respecti"el!.

A) IC251(J 8 <.<,1 M+ IC53C-5:J 8 <.<,1 M

#) IC251(J 8 <.1-: M+ IC53C-5:J 8 <.112 M

C) IC251(J 8 <.(,1 M+ IC53C-5:J 8 <.<3, M

%) IC251(J 8 <.(-3 M+ IC53C-5:J 8 <.<(( M

Answer& C

%iff& 3


1) At a certain temperature the equilibrium constant+ K c+ equals <.11 for the reaction&

( Cl g ) ⇌ ( g ) 6 Cl( g ).

What is the equilibrium concentration of Cl if <.- mol of ( and <.- mol of Cl( are initiall!

mi4ed in a (.<0F flas?A) <.(( M

#) <.(9 M

C) <.,- M%) <.-2 M

Answer& C



19) $he equilibrium constant+ K p+ equals 3.,< for the isomeriation reaction&


f a flas initiall! contains <.(-< atm of cis-(0butene and <.1,- atm of trans-(0butene+ what is

the equilibrium pressure of each gas?

A) P cis-(0butene) 8 <.<,(2 atm and P trans-(0butene) 8 <.1,- atm#) P cis-(0butene) 8 <.<,1 atm and P trans-(0butene) 8 <.12< atm

C) P cis-(0butene) 8 <.<3- atm and P trans-(0butene) 8 <.(-< atm

%) P cis-(0butene) 8 <.<9:9 atm and P trans-(0butene) 8 <.3<- atmAnswer& %

%iff& ,


47




1:) Ehosphorus pentachloride decomposes to phosphorus trichloride at high temperatures

according to the equation&

At (-<= <.1(- M ECl- is added to the flas. f K c 8 1.9<+ what are the equilibrium

concentrations of each gas?

A) IECl-J 8 <.<<2- M+ IECl3J 8 <.11 M+ and ICl(J 8 <.11 M#) IECl-J 8 <.<2(- M+ IECl3J 8 <.33- M+ and ICl(J 8 <.33- M

C) IECl-J 8 1.9< M+ IECl3J 8 1.9< M+ and ICl(J 8 1.9< M

%) IECl-J 8 3.:2 M+ IECl3J 8 3.93 M+ and ICl(J 8 3.93 M

Answer& A

%iff& -



(<) K c is 1.2 > 1<(< at (-=C for the formation of iron) o4alate comple4 ion&

@e36aq) 6 3 C(7,(0aq) I@eC⇌ (7,)3J30aq).f <.<,<< M @e36 is initiall! mi4ed with 1.<< M o4alate ion+ what is the concentration of @e36

ion at equilibrium?

A) 3.-1 > 1<0(( M

#) <.<1<< M

C) ,.19 > 1<1 M

%) (.9- > 1<(1 MAnswer& A

%iff& -



13.3 'hort Answer Questions

1) A reaction in which reactants form products in the forward reaction and products

simultaneousl! form reactants in the re"erse reaction is said to be TTTTTTTT.

Answer& re"ersible%iff& (


() n a re"ersible reaction+ when the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the re"erse

reaction+ the reaction is at TTTTTTTT.Answer& equilibrium%iff& (


4




3) @or the reaction shown below+ ;(7, and ;7( ha"e equilibrium concentrations+ I;(7,Jeq 8

(.12< > 1< H, and I;7(Jeq 8 1.<<1 > 1< H3+ respecti"el!. $he equilibrium constant+ K c+ for this

reaction equals TTTTTTTT.

;(7, g ) ( ;7⇌ ( g )

Answer& ,.2, > 1< H3

%iff& ($opic& 'ection 13.( $he quilibrium Constant *c

,) @or the reaction shown below the "alue of K p is TTTTTTTT than the "alue of K c+ because "n 8

TTTTTTTT.

;(7, g ) ( ;7⇌ ( g )

Answer& greater+ 1

%iff& 3$opic& 'ection 13., $he quilibrium Constant *p

-) @or the reaction shown below the equilibrium constant e4pression for K c 8 TTTTTTTT.5@aq) 6 5(7l ) 5⇌ 376aq) 6 @ H aq)

Answer&

%iff& (


2) K c 8 -.< at << * for the reaction shown below.

5( g ) 6 ( g ) ( 5⇌ g )

f I5( g )J 8 I( g )J 8 <.(<< M at equilibrium+ the molar concentration I5 g )J 8 TTTTTTTT at

equilibrium.Answer& 1.-1


) K c 8 1.( > 1< H,( at -<< * for the reaction shown below.

5( g ) ( 5⇌ g )

f I5(J 8 1 > 1< H( M and I5J 8 1.( > 1< H(( M+ in order to achie"e equilibrium a net reaction

must occur from TTTTTTTT to TTTTTTTT until Qc 8 TTTTTTTT.

Answer& right+ left+ K c


4!




9) f additional 'C; H is added to the equilibrium s!stem shown below+ Fe ChPtelier/s principle

predicts a net reaction from TTTTTTTT to TTTTTTTT+ causing the red color to become TTTTTTTT.

@e36aq) 6 'C; H aq) @e'C;⇌ (6aq)!ellow colorless red

Answer& left+ right+ darer


:) According to Fe ChPtelier/s principle+ if the "olume of the "essel containing the equilibriums!stem shown below is decreased+ there will be an increase in the concentration of TTTTTTTT and

a decrease in the concentration of TTTTTTTT.

5( g ) ( 5⇌ g )

Answer& 5(+ 5

%iff& (


1<) $he reaction below is heated from (<=C to :<=C+ according to Fe ChPtelier/s principle+ there

will be a net reaction from TTTTTTTT to TTTTTTTT+ and the brown color will become TTTTTTTT.

;(7, g ) ( ;7⇌ ( g ) " H =8 6 -.(

colorless brownAnswer& left+ right+ darer

%iff& 3


Chapter 13 Review Questions

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