© Cengage Learning 2016 © Cengage Learning 2016 tation to Health: Building Your Future, Brief Editi ales Consumer Health 13
© Cengage Learning 2016© Cengage Learning 2016
An Invitation to Health: Building Your Future, Brief Edition, 9eDianne Hales
Consumer Health
13
© Cengage Learning 2016
After reading this chapter, the student should be able to:
• Describe some ways the Affordable Care Act is affecting access to health care
• Identify three elements of personalized health care
• List some steps to becoming a better health-care consumer
Objectives
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• Outline your rights as a health-care consumer
• Discuss the pros and cons of elective treatments to enhance health or appearance
• Identify ways to recognize health hoaxes and medical quackery
• Assess the value of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)
Objectives (cont’d.)
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• Review the components of the health-care system, including types of practitioners and health-care facilities
• Explain how a health care plan can affect the health-care services a consumer receives
• List some of the choices college students have for health coverage
Objectives (cont’d.)
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• Affordable Care Act (ACA)– Includes ban on insurance companies
terminating coverage for ill patients• Bans denying coverage based on preexisting
condition
– Expansion of federally-funded coverage for low income individuals
• Includes free preventive services
• Health literacy– Ability to understand health information
A New Era in Consumer Health
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• Guidelines for evaluating online health information– Check the source
– Check the date the page was created
– Check the references and the author
– Look for possible bias
– Determine where researchers reported findings
• Peer-reviewed professional journals are best
Finding Good Advice Online
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© Cengage Learning 2016
• Combining best research evidence with patient’s personal values
• Doctors can develop practice guidelines for evaluating and treating specific illness
• Outcomes research– Examines the impact of a medication on the
patient’s condition, health, and quality of life
Evidence-Based Medicine
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• Personalized medicine– Treatments tailored to individual patients
• Important step: mapping family medical history– DNA analysis may be used in the future
• Gender differences– Women use health care more than men
– Men wait longer to seek treatment
Personalizing Your Health Care
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• Can provide immediate access to useful information– Cannot replace your physician
• Examples of services of free apps– Provide location of emergency medical
centers
– Pharmacy prescription price comparison
– Symptom evaluation
– Track growth of skin moles by taking pictures with a smart phone
Health-Related Apps
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• Self-maintenance– Self-diagnosis and treatment for minor
ailments
– Taking vital signs
– Participating in self-help groups• Online virtual support communities
• Poor oral health– Links to a variety of health problems
Self-Care
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• Talking with your health care provider– Ask questions
– Make sure you understand
– Ask about care options
– Find out exactly how to take prescribed medications
• Establish a relationship with a primary care physician
• Screening tests
Becoming a Savvy Health-Care Consumer
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• Prescription drugs– Know the name of the drug and what it should
look like
– Inform your doctor if you use herbal supplements
– Avoid using a kitchen spoon to dispense liquid medications
– Do not take medication with grapefruit juice
– Do not take another person’s medication
Preventing Medical Errors
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• Right to be treated with respect and dignity
• Right to information– Patient must give consent for hospitalization,
surgery, and other major treatments
• Right to privacy
• Access to medical records
• Right to quality health care– Most malpractice lawsuits based on physician
negligence
Your Medical Rights
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• Cosmetic surgery– Botox
– Liposuction
– Breast augmentation
• Body art (tattoos)– Ink can cause adverse reactions
– Increased risk of bacterial or viral infections
– Black henna contains PPD• Banned by law from skin cosmetics
Elective Treatments
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• Unproven health products and services– Result in loss of consumer’s money, wasted
time, additional pain, and disappointment
• Consumer should be suspicious of certain advertising terms– Scientific breakthrough, miraculous cure,
ancient remedy, or secret ingredient
• Ask for written explanation and evidence supporting all claims
Health Hoaxes and Medical Quackery
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• Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)– Various medical systems, practices, and
products
– Not part of conventional medicine• Not sufficient proof of safety or effectiveness
• Holistic methods– Focus on the whole person
• Physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual aspects
Nontraditional Health Care
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© Cengage Learning 2016
© Cengage Learning 2016
• Combines traditional medicine with alternative therapies– Gaining greater acceptance within the
medical community
• Acupuncture– Ancient Chinese form of medicine
– Involves needles placed into the skin
Integrative Medicine
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• Homeopathy principles– Like cures like
– Less is more
– Treatment must always be individualized
• Naturopathy– Natural remedies best treatment for disease
– Example treatments: dietary changes, steam baths, and exercise
Homeopathy and Naturopathy
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• Herbal medicine
• Chiropractic medicine– Based on concept that human diseases result
from misalignment of the spine
• Energy therapies– Electromagnetic fields or magnets
– Therapeutic touch
Other Types of CAM
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• Some types of health-care practitioners– Physician
– Registered nurse (RN)
– Licensed practical nurse (LPN)
– Clinical psychologist
– Psychiatrist
– Optometrist
– Podiatrist
– Dentist
The Health Care System
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• College student choices for health coverage– School’s student health plan
– Parent’s health plan (under age 26)
– Catastrophic health plan (under age 30)
– www.healthcare.gov
• Know your coverage– Prescriptions, doctor visits, and emergency
care
What You Need to Know About the Affordable Care Act