Chapter 13: Food, Soil Conservation, and Pest Management January – February 2012 “We are nine meals away from anarchy.” Lord Cameron of Dillington.

Chapter 13: Chapter 13: Food, Soil Conservation, Food, Soil Conservation, and Pest Managementand Pest Management

January – February 2012January – February 2012

““We are nine meals away from anarchy.”We are nine meals away from anarchy.”Lord Cameron of DillingtonLord Cameron of Dillington

‘Food’ for Thought

1. What do humans need to live?

2. What do people take into their bodies from the environment to help them survive?

3. Why do we need air, water, and food to survive?

An essential element…

1. is required for an organism to complete its life cycle;

2. cannot be replaced by another element;

3. is directly involved in the organism’s metabolism; and

4. is required by many different organisms.

Adapted from Arnon, D. & Stout, P. (1939). The essentiality of certain elements in minute quantity for plants with special reference to copper. Plant Physiology, 14(3), 599-602.

Elements Essential for Human Growth

Food Security

““Today we produce more than enough food to meet the basic Today we produce more than enough food to meet the basic nutritional needs of every person on the earth.”nutritional needs of every person on the earth.”

Food Security

• “…every person in a given area has daily access to enough nutritious food to have an active and healthy life.”

• Impediments to national food security– Poverty– War and corruption– Harmful environmental effects of agriculture– Climate change

Nutrition

To maintain good health, people require macronutrients and micronutrients in their diet.

Chronic undernutrition (hunger): people cannot grow or buy enough food to meet their basic energy needs

Malnutrition: people who consume a diet deficient in protein, calories, and/or other key nutrients

•Usually a low protein, high carbohydrate, vegetarian diet

•Affects 1 in 6 people in developing countries – mostly children

Nutrition

Micronutrient deficiency: Underconsumption of even small amounts of nutrients with necessary health benefits or essential functions in the body

•1 in 3 suffer from vitamin or mineral deficiency

•Vitamin A – increased susceptibility to childhood diseases/ blindness

• Iron – anemia, fatigue, infection, increases likelihood women die in childbirth

• Iodine – goiter, proper metabolism

Famine

• “ a severe shortage of food in an area accompanied by mass starvation, many deaths, economic chaos, and social disruption.”

• Causes

– Crop failures

– Drought

– Flooding

– War

– Other natural disastersSudan famine, 2000

Overnutrition

• “…occurs when food energy intake exceeds energy use and causes excess body fat.”

• Consequences of overnutrition– Greater incidence of disease and illness– Lower life expectancy– Reduced quality of life– Disproportionate expenditure of capital

• 93% of Americans fall into this category

Growing Food

1. Do plants need food?

2. Do you think that plants require the same essential elements as humans?

Elements Essential for Plant Growth

Elements Essential for Plant & Animal Growth

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Ess

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Essential Nutrient Air Water Soil

Boron (B)

Calcium (Ca)

Carbon (C)

Chlorine (Cl)

Copper (Cu)

Hydrogen (H)

Iron (Fe)

Magnesium (Mg)

Manganese (Mn)

Molybdenum (Mo)

Nickel (Ni)

Nitrogen (N)

Oxygen (O)

Phosphorus (P)

Potassium (K)

Sulfur (S)

Zinc (Zn)

Sou

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Ess

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Essential Nutrient Air Water Soil

Boron (B) S

Calcium (Ca) S

Carbon (C) A S

Chlorine (Cl) S

Copper (Cu) S

Hydrogen (H) A W S

Iron (Fe) S

Magnesium (Mg) S

Manganese (Mn) S

Molybdenum (Mo) S

Nickel (Ni) S

Nitrogen (N) S

Oxygen (O) A W S

Phosphorus (P) S

Potassium (K) S

Sulfur (S) S

Zinc (Zn) S

Essential Element Summary

• Plants get their essential elements (nutrients) from three sources– Water: hydrogen and oxygen– Air: hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon– Soil: All essential elements

• Farmers need to know which essential elements are found in the soil and how much of each is present.

Homework

Due – January 24

Read pp.67-70 in text

Research the N-P-K rating on fertilizers. What is it? What essential elements are involved? Why are these important to plants? Submit paragraph in MLA format to drop box.

LAB Wednesday!

Goggles and aprons REQUIRED