Chapter 13 delivering the pres

Ronald AdlerSanta Barbara City College

Jeanne ElmhorstAlbuquerque TVI Community College

Communicating at Work

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Chapter 13Chapter 13

Delivering the Delivering the PresentationPresentation

• Types of DeliveryTypes of Delivery• Guidelines for DeliveryGuidelines for Delivery• Question-and-Answer SessiQuestion-and-Answer Sessi

onsons• Speaking with ConfidenceSpeaking with Confidence

Chapter OutlineChapter Outline

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Types of DeliveryTypes of Delivery

• Presentation StylePresentation Style– MonologuesMonologues

• One-way speeches without interruptionOne-way speeches without interruption• Large settingsLarge settings •• Formal occasions Formal occasions

– Guided discussionsGuided discussions• Listeners interrupt with questions and Listeners interrupt with questions and

commentscomments

– Interactive presentationsInteractive presentations• Even more audience involvementEven more audience involvement• Presenter often sitsPresenter often sits

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Types of DeliveryTypes of Delivery

• Manuscript PresentationsManuscript Presentations– Speaker reads remarks word-for-Speaker reads remarks word-for-

word from a prepared statementword from a prepared statement– Serious mistakes can occurSerious mistakes can occur– Usually sounds wooden and lifelessUsually sounds wooden and lifeless– Often too longOften too long– If cost of misstatements is high, can If cost of misstatements is high, can

be the best optionbe the best option

© Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005

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Types of DeliveryTypes of Delivery

• Memorized PresentationsMemorized Presentations– Recited word-for-wordRecited word-for-word– A worse option than reading because A worse option than reading because

of chance of loss of memoryof chance of loss of memory– Sounds memorizedSounds memorized– Can be useful for critical sections of a Can be useful for critical sections of a

talktalk

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Types of DeliveryTypes of Delivery

• Extemporaneous PresentationsExtemporaneous Presentations– Planned and rehearsed, but not word-Planned and rehearsed, but not word-

for-wordfor-word– Can seem spontaneous and effortlessCan seem spontaneous and effortless– The most valuable, useful type of The most valuable, useful type of

deliverydelivery– Can use notesCan use notes

• BriefBrief• LegibleLegible• UnobtrusiveUnobtrusive

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Types of DeliveryTypes of Delivery

• Impromptu PresentationsImpromptu Presentations– Unexpected, off-the-cuffUnexpected, off-the-cuff– Usually a familiar subjectUsually a familiar subject– Listeners don’t expect Listeners don’t expect

perfectionperfection

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Slide 8

Types of DeliveryTypes of Delivery

• Tips for Impromptu Tips for Impromptu PresentationsPresentations– PredictPredict that you will be asked that you will be asked

to speakto speak– Accept the invitation with Accept the invitation with

assuranceassurance– Present a definite Present a definite viewpointviewpoint

earlyearly– Present Present supportsupport for your for your

viewpointviewpoint– Don’t apologizeDon’t apologize– Don’t rambleDon’t ramble on on

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Guidelines for DeliveryGuidelines for Delivery

• Visual ElementsVisual Elements Dress effectivelyDress effectively Speak with confidence and Speak with confidence and

authorityauthority Get set before startingGet set before starting Keep eye contactKeep eye contact No notes at the beginningNo notes at the beginning Stand and move effectivelyStand and move effectively Pack up after speakingPack up after speaking Finish smartlyFinish smartly

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Guidelines for DeliveryGuidelines for Delivery

• Verbal ElementsVerbal Elements– Use an oral speaking styleUse an oral speaking style

• Short sentencesShort sentences •• Active voice Active voice• Plenty of personal pronounsPlenty of personal pronouns•• Use contractions Use contractions

oftenoften• Address listeners directly and personallyAddress listeners directly and personally

– Use appropriate language Use appropriate language • VocabularyVocabulary• EnunciationEnunciation• PronunciationPronunciation

– Don’t emphasize mistakesDon’t emphasize mistakes

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Guidelines for DeliveryGuidelines for Delivery

• Vocal ElementsVocal Elements Speak with enthusiasm, sincerity Speak with enthusiasm, sincerity

and convictionand conviction Share ideas that you truly believe inShare ideas that you truly believe in Speak loudly enoughSpeak loudly enough Avoid Avoid disfluenciesdisfluencies

• ““eh” eh” •• “um” “um” •• “like” “like” •• “you know” “you know” •• “OK”“OK”

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Question-and-Answer Question-and-Answer SessionsSessions

When to Answer QuestionsWhen to Answer Questions– During the presentationDuring the presentation

• Immediate clarification and expansionImmediate clarification and expansion• Allow extra timeAllow extra time• Delay answers to some questionsDelay answers to some questions

– After the presentationAfter the presentation• Control over the unveiling of informationControl over the unveiling of information• Control over length of talkControl over length of talk• May lose some listeners partwayMay lose some listeners partway• Lose control over the last thing listeners Lose control over the last thing listeners

hearhear

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Slide 13

Question-and-Answer Question-and-Answer SessionsSessions

How to Manage QuestionsHow to Manage Questions– Start the ball rollingStart the ball rolling– Anticipate likely questionsAnticipate likely questions– Clarify complicated or confusing Clarify complicated or confusing

questionsquestions– Treat questioners with respectTreat questioners with respect– Keep answers focused on goalKeep answers focused on goal– Buy time if necessaryBuy time if necessary– Answer to the entire audienceAnswer to the entire audience– Follow last question with a summaryFollow last question with a summary

© Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005

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Speaking with ConfidenceSpeaking with Confidence

• Accept NervousnessAccept Nervousness– Helps you focus on presentationHelps you focus on presentation– Learn to control itLearn to control it

• Speak More OftenSpeak More Often– Begin with modest challenges and Begin with modest challenges and

low stakeslow stakes– Speech courses give practice groundSpeech courses give practice ground

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Speaking with ConfidenceSpeaking with Confidence

• Rehearse Your PresentationRehearse Your Presentation– Eliminate:Eliminate:

• Missing notesMissing notes • • Clumsy Clumsy wordingwording

• Excessive lengthExcessive length •• Confusing Confusing materialmaterial

• Equipment problemsEquipment problems

– Rehearse on feet with audienceRehearse on feet with audience– Rehearse to finish earlyRehearse to finish early– Rehearse 3-6 timesRehearse 3-6 times– Pay attention to intro and Pay attention to intro and

conclusionconclusion– Rehearse in a real settingRehearse in a real setting

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Speaking with ConfidenceSpeaking with Confidence

• Focus on the Topic and AudienceFocus on the Topic and Audience– Keep focus off yourselfKeep focus off yourself– Compliment your audience sincerelyCompliment your audience sincerely

• Think Rationally about your Think Rationally about your PresentationPresentationMyth 1:Myth 1: Presentation must be Presentation must beperfectperfectMyth 2:Myth 2: You can persuade every You can persuade every

listenerlistener

Myth 3:Myth 3: The worst will happen The worst will happen