Chapter 13. Chapter 13 Section 1 The Rise of Nationalism A sense of nationalism (and rivalry) among Europe’s greatest powers: Germany, A-H, GB, Russia,

Chapter 13

The Great War 1914-1918

Marching Toward War

Chapter 13 Section 1

Rising Tensions in EuropeThe Rise of Nationalism

A sense of nationalism (and rivalry) among Europe’s greatest powers: Germany, A-H, GB, Russia, Italy, and France

Causes?Competition for _______ and

________Territorial disputes

Imperialism and MilitarismRivalry and mistrust over

coloniesThe race for military greatness…

militarism’s effects?

The alliance system was originally designed to do what?

Bismarck Forges Early PactsBismarck declares Germany satisfied, but what is he

worried about?Formation of the Triple Alliance: Germany, A-H,

Italy, and RussiaShifting Alliances Threaten Peace

Kaiser Wilhelm II takes control of Germany, result?What’s wrong with a two front war?The Triple Entente is formed as a reaction to

increased shipbuilding in Germany…GB+FR+Russia. kind of

Tangled Alliances

Crisis in the BalkansA Restless Region

Many nations had formed in the Balkans after freeing themselves from who?

Russia supports Serbia’s independence, Austria does not

Austria then annexes B+H…Serbians vow to take away Bosnia while Austria was prepared to defend it and its authority in the Balkans

Crisis in the BalkansA Shot Rings Throughout

EuropeThe ___________Archduke

Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie are shot in Sarajevo, Bosnia by Gavrilo Princip a Serbian nationalist and member of the Black Hand

Austria attempts to punish Serbia, result?

Austria does not wish to negotiate and declares war on Serbia…Russia mobilizes

Europe encourages negotiations but it was too late

1. How do imperialism and militarism work together to promote war?

2. How could a dispute between the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente draw all of Europe into the conflict?

Honors Only3. What act by Austria-Hungary set the world on the path to war? Why?

13.1 Daily Questions

Europe Plunges Into WarChapter 13 Section 2

The Great War BeginsAs an ally of Serbia,

Russia mobilizes for war. Germany’s reaction?

Nations Take SidesCentral Powers-

Germany and A-HAllied Powers-GB,

France, and Russia (Japan and Italy later)

General feelings at the beginning of the war?

A Bloody StalemateThe Conflict Grinds Along

Germany faces a war on two fronts and develops the _________ Plan which called for a quick victory in France and then movement to Russia

First Battle of the Marne? Significance?

More troops in France, stalemate in Russia

A BLOODY STALEMATEWar in the Trenches

Trench warfare, digging elongated holes in the ground to fight enemy forces

“No man’s land” was where the actual fighting took place

North Sea to the Swiss borderWhat was wrong with the new

technology?At Verdun the Germans gained

about ____ miles and in the Somme Valley the British gained about ____ miles

http://www.history.com/photos/world-war-i-trench-warfare/photo11#

American soldiers engaged in trench warfare.

The Battle on the Eastern Front

Early FightingRussia attacks both Austria

and Germany…crushed by Germany in Tannenberg and eventually pushed out of Austria-Hungary

Russia StrugglesWhat supplies was Russia

continually short on? Why?Germany limits supply

shipmentsRussia’s size proved to be

a pain for the Germans, why?

1. Why was the Schlieffen Plan ultimately a failure for the Germans?

2. How did Russia’s industrialization affect its war efforts?

Honors Only3. Why was the Battle of the Marne such a significant event in WWI history? What may have happened if the Germans had won?

13.2 Daily Questions

A Global ConflictChapter 13 Section 3

War Affects the WorldHow would both powers

try and end the stalemate?The Gallipoli Campaign

The _______ decide to take the region known as the Dardanelles for strategic reasons

Allied troops attack the Gallipoli Peninsula, Turks defend the land lead by ________ officers

How does the campaign in Gallipoli in the end?

War Affects the WorldBattles in Africa and Asia

The Allies not only capture German colonies but also recruited who to fight against the Central Powers?

Natives reacted in one of 2 ways:Wanted nothing to do with the warHelped in the war effort in hopes of

someday achieving ___________. America Joins the Fight

German unrestricted submarine warfare calls for any ship in the waters around __________ to be sunk without ___________.

Germany sinks the Lusitania, taking American lives…Germany’s response?

War Affects the WorldAmerica Joins the Fight

Germany takes back their promise and once again begins attacking ships

Zimmerman note pushes America into the war on the side of the _________, why?

War Affects the Home FrontAmericans join the war after

Europeans had already been fighting for ____ years.

Government Wages Total War The gov’t in European countries

takes control of the economy, what does this mean for business owners? Unemployment?

Rationing results in only a small amount of goods being available for citizens

Women and the War Women replaced men in ______,

shops, offices, and there were even nurses on the front lines

How were views of women changed?

The Allies Win the WarRussia Withdraws

Russia refuses to fight by 1917 due to shortages in ______ and ______.

Political unrest leads to revolution in Russia, putting Vladimir Lenin in power and the signing of a truce with Germany (Treaty of Brest-Litovsk)

The Central Powers Collapse Why did Russian withdrawal seem

like a sure German victory? The arrival of U.S. troops lead to the

defeat of the Germans at the Second Battle of the ________.

After Kaiser Wilhelm I steps down, Germany becomes a __________ and an armistice is signed to end the fighting

The Legacy of the WarHow was the Great War

different than wars in the past?

8.5 million killed, 21 million wounded

War destroys families, economies, villages, and farmland

How did the post-war settlement effect Europe in the future?

1. Why did wartime governments in Europe take control of their countries’ economies?

2. How did total war lead to the idea of rationing?

Honors Only3. What effect did the Russian Revolution have on Russia’s role in WWI? What may have happened if the revolution never occurred?

13.3 Daily Questions

A Flawed PeaceChapter 13 Section 4

The Big Four at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919.

The Allies Meet and DebateThe Big Four:

Woodrow Wilson (U.S.)Georges Clemenceau

(France)David Lloyd George (GB)Vittorio Orlando (Italy)Who was not represented at

the meeting in Versailles?Wilson’s Plan for Peace

The Fourteen Points outline a plan for achieving _______

Self-determination was the guiding principle behind the meeting

“In the speech, Wilson directly addressed what he perceived as the causes for the world war by calling

for the abolition of secret treaties, a reduction in armaments, an adjustment in colonial claims in the interests of both native peoples and colonists, and freedom of the seas. Wilson also made proposals that would ensure world peace in the future. For example, he proposed the removal of economic barriers between nations, the promise of “self-

determination” for those oppressed minorities, and a world organization that would provide a system of

collective security for all nations. Wilson’s 14 Points were designed to undermine the Central Powers’

will to continue and to inspire the Allies to victory. The 14 Points were broadcast throughout the world and were showered from rockets and shells behind

the enemy’s lines.”www.ourdocuments.org

The Allies Meet and DebateThe Versailles Treaty

Signed June 28th 1919 and created the _________ of __________, an international association aimed at keeping peace among nations

What did the treaty mean for Germany?Territories in Africa and

the Pacific turn into mandates

Restrictions placed on military operations

war guilt clause

The Hall of Mirrors at Versailles

A Troubled TreatyThe Creation of New

NationsThe Allies sign treaties with

the other Central Powers, resulting in the creation of which European countries?

The Ottoman Turks lost almost all of their land except?

Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania all become independent nations

What feelings did the treaties evoke?

A Troubled Treaty“A Peace Built on

Quicksand”U.S. rejects the Treaty of

Versailles, believing that staying out of European affairs was the best hope for peace

Was the concept of self-determination really used by the winners of the Great War?

The Treaty of Versailles failed in so many ways, ultimately leading to what?

13.4 Daily Questions1. Why didn’t Russia take

part in the peace negotiations following the war?

2. How did the situation in African and Asian colonies compare before and after the war?

Honors Only3. How might self- determination in the Balkans have prevented the outbreak of WWI?