Chapter 13

SOC 3880Intro to Criminal

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Criminal Justice

CHAPTER 13CRIME AND JUSTICE

IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY: WHITE-COLLAR CRIME,

ORGANIZED CRIME, AND TERRORISM

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© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved


13.1

13.2

13.3

13.4

13.5

Summarize the major differences among white-collar crime, organized crime, and terrorism.

Describe types of computer crime and their impacts on society today.

Describe the forms of organized crime and their perpetrators.

Identify challenges in transnational crime prevention and law enforcement.

Define terrorism.

CHAPTER OBJECTIVES



13.6

13.7

13.8

13.9

13.10

Identify different types of terrorism and their relation to hate crimes.

Describe the role of the Department of Homeland Security.

Summarize the concerns about the impact of homeland security legislation and law enforcement powers on

basic constitutional rights.

Summarize the USA Patriot Act.

Define terms related to white-collar crime, organized crime, and terrorism.

CHAPTER OBJECTIVES



Summarize the major differences among white-collar crime, organized crime, and terrorism.

Learning ObjectivesAfter this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes

13.1


White-Collar Crime, Organized Crime, & Terrorism

13.1

More Extensive Planning

Well-Formed

Motivation

5


13.1

Conspiracy:Agreement between two or more persons to commit a crime or to carry out a legal act in an illegal manner.

6


White-Collar Crimes13.1

Crimes of Fraud

Crimes Against Public

Administration

Regulatory Offenses

7


13.1

8


Crimes Against Public Administration

13.1

Bribery Obstruction of Justice

Official Misconduct Perjury

9


13.1

AdministrativeEnvironmentalLaborManufacturing violationsUnfair trade practices

Corporate Crimes

10



Describe types of computer crime and their impacts on society today.


13.2


13.2

12



Describe the forms of organized crime and their perpetrators.


13.3


13.3

14


Corporate Crime13.3

Racketeering

Money Laundering

15


13.3

16



Identify challenges in transnational crime prevention and law enforcement.


13.4


Transnational Crime13.4

Drug Smuggling

Illegal Immigratio

nvs.

18



Define terrorism.


13.5

© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved20

13.5

Terrorism


13.5Terrorist Groups Can be Divided:

International Terrorists

Militias Extremist Groups

EcoterroristsPrimary

Domestic Groups

Domestic Terrorists


13.5

After September 11


13.5


13.5



Identify different types of terrorism and their relation to hate crimes.


13.6


13.6



Describe the role of the Department of Homeland Security.


13.7


13.7

Department of Homeland Security


13.7Department of Homeland Security Organization Chart

Commandant U.S. Coast Guard

Director Federal Emergency

Management Agency

Commissioner U.S. Immigration

and Customs Enforcement

Director U.S. Citizenship and

Immigration Services

Director U.S. Secret Service

Commissioner U.S. Customs and Border Protection

Director Transportation

Security Administration

Labor Relation Board

Screening Coordination

Office

Domestic Nuclear

Detection Office

Federal Law Enforcement

Training

Military Liaison

Chief of StaffSecretaryDeputy Security

ExecutiveSecretary

Director Civil Rights/Civil

LibertiesChief Privacy

Officer

Ombudsman, U.S. Citizenship

and Immigration

Services

Director of Counter

Narcotics

Director of Operations

Coordination

Assistant Secretary Office

of Intelligence and Analysis

Chief Financial Officer

Inspector General

Assistant Secretary

Public Affairs

Assistant Secretary

Congressional and

Intergovernmental Affairs

General Counsel

Under Secretary for Preparedness

Under Secretary for

Policy

Under Secretary for Science and Technology

Under Secretary

for Management

Source: Department of Homeland Security, September, 2005.



Multiple Agency Coordination

13.7



Summarize the concerns about the impact of homeland security legislation and law enforcement powers on basic constitutional rights.


13.8


13.8In the 9/11 Environment, Some Liberties Have Been Lost in the Pursuit of Enhanced National Security of Particular Concern:

Loss of First Amendment

Rights

Loss of Fourth Amendment

RightsLoss of Due

Process RightsCharges of Rendition

and TortureRacial

Profiling



Summarize the USA Patriot Act.


13.9


13.9

Key Provisions of the USA Patriot Act


13.9

Criticisms



Define terms related to white-collar crime, organized crime, and terrorism.


13.10



13.1

13.2

13.3

These crimes are characterized by planning and organization. Criminal law punishes criminal planning as the crime of

conspiracy. Conspiracy takes place when two or more persons agree to commit a crime, or to carry out a legal act in an

illegal manner. The sophisticated criminals involved in these crimes have a more elaborate motivation than a typical criminal, in order to help carry out a larger scam or a

politically motivated plot. It is this connection to larger criminal deigns that makes white-collar, organized, and

terrorism crimes dangerous.Computers are the instrument in several types of crime. The most common of these is theft by computer. Other types of instrumental computer crime include use of a computer for harassment or extortion. Crimes in which computers are the

object of the criminal act include causing damage to hardware or software, stealing trade secrets, and altering data for an

unlawful purpose.

The main types of organized crime are provision of illicit services (loan-sharking, prostitution, gambling), provision of illicit goods (drug dealing, fencing of stolen property), and

infiltration of legitimate business (demands for "protection" money or no-show jobs).

CHAPTER SUMMARY



13.4

13.5

Transnational crimes are almost always a form of organized crime, because they fit the definition of organized crime,

explained earlier in this chapter, with the added feature that the crime involves two or more countries in its planning or

execution.

Terrorism: Offenses designed to intimidate or coerce a government or civilians in furtherance of political or social

objectives.

13.6Hate crimes are similar to terrorist acts except that a particular minority group (defined by race, ethnicity,

nationality, or sexual orientation) is usually the target.

13.7

The role of the Department of Homeland Security: Increase overall preparedness, particularly for catastrophic events,

create better transportation security systems to move people and cargo more securely and efficiently, strengthen border security and interior enforcement and reform immigration processes, enhance information sharing with our partners,

improve DHS financial management, human resource development, procurement, and information technology

Realign the DHS organization to maximize mission performance.

CHAPTER SUMMARY



13.8

13.9

13.10

In the 9/11 environment, some liberties have been lost in the pursuit of enhanced national security of Particular Concern: Loss of First Amendment rights, loss of Fourth Amendment rights, loss of due process rights, charges of rendition and

torture, and racial profiling.

The official title of the USA PATRIOT Act is "Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools

Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA PATRIOT) Act of 2001."

See page 437 for Key Terms.

CHAPTER SUMMARY