Chapter 12:The Northern Renaissance By Katherine Kim Period 5
Feb 24, 2016
Chapter 12:The Northern RenaissanceBy Katherine KimPeriod 5
Origins of the Renaissance
Renaissance ideas spread into the North by war, newly educated students returning home, and culturally by trade
Major CitiesBruges, Tournai, and Ghent- all centers of international commerce (Wright 49).Bruges rivaled Florence
Wealth from wool trade and international banking (Wright 49).
PatronsArtists mostly employed by secular courts of dukes especially the dukes of Berry, Bourbon and Nemours (Wright 50).
HumanismMore focused on writings of early Church fathers and Church reformTurned to classics for ethical reference (Northern Renaissance Humanism).
Desiderius ErasmusDutch humanistWriter who struggled between classics and religion (Northern Renaissance Humanism).Emphasized common ethical sides of eachDemonstrated in The Handbook of the Christian Knight that restoration of Chrisitianity to it’s condition at the time of Christ should be the aim of religion (Northern Renaissance Humanism).Believed the “philosophy of Christ” should be the guide for every day life.
Image: (Northern Renaissance Humanism).
MysticsMany factors leading to ultimate goal
Type of life one livedLiving as close to godlike as possibleProper state of mind when communicating with God (Northern Renaissance Humanism).
Stressed practicality and inner pietySimpler, not as formal (Northern Renaissance Humanism).
Themes of artFlemish painters- first to test with three-dimensional illustration (Wright 50).Full-face and three-quarter profile views were mastered“Organ” from “The Ghent Altarpiece”
Image: http://www.musixcool.com/members/musixcool/english/inst_all/organ.htm
ArchitectureChâteau de Chambord under Francis IThe Escorial in Spain
Cathedral, palace, and monastery all in one and unified by classical architecture
Juan Bautista de Toledo was the first architect to work on the Escorial. designed the ground plan on a gridiron scheme (About).
Juan de HerreraSecond architect to work on it after Toledo’s death. Finished product = uniquely Spanish
El Escorial
Image: http://namiinteriors.blogspot.com/2010/11/tenth-entry-spain-hispano-moorish.html
Albrecht DürerAttempted to blend Northern and Italian stylesTraveled to Venice to view the Renaissance thereMost famous for his engravingsEmphasized detailed representation of nature and religious purposes that were part of Northern art characteristics (Chambers 355)
“The Riders on the Four Horses from the Apocalypse”
http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pd/a/albrecht_dürer_four_horsemen.aspx
By Albrecht Dürer
Robert ChampinFlemish artistFirst to go from egg-based to oil-pigments (Wright 50).
“Saint Barbara” By
Robert Champin
http://thomasguild.blogspot.com/2011/01/try-out-post.html
Hans Holbein the YoungerGerman painterPortrait painter in London; in high demandCombined his art with phycologyVery careful attention to detailUse of colorPaved way for school of English miniaturists
http://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/artists/hans-holbein-the-younger
Pieter Bruegel the ElderFlemish artist/satiristPainted what he saw as the “true condition of man” under nature’s unpredictable forces(big book)Paintings known for expressionRepresented peasant class very often because they were most affected by seasonal alterations“Parable of
the Blind Leading the
Blind”http://www.lectionarycentral.com/trinity04/trinity04.html
Jan Van EyckContemporary of Donatello, not as focused on idealization and more on the physical world ()His art has spacial depthDepicts landscapes through atmospheric perspective (Wright 51).Good use of shadowsUsed oil-based pigment
“The Arfolni Wedding”
http://employees.oneonta.edu/farberas/arth/arth214_folder/van_eyck/arnolfini.html
Hieronymus Bosch and Matthias Grünewald
Bosch“Garden of Earthly Delights”Nude figures in panoramic landscapeMixed medieval grotesques with Flemish proverbs
GrünewaldPerhaps influenced by Bosch’s distortion of natural shapes to convey heavenly or devilish characterCourt painter, architect and engineer for Bishop of Mainz“Isenheim Alter”
“The Garden of Earthly Delights” and “The
Resurrection” from“ The Isenheim Alter”
http://www.wikipaintings.org/en/matthias-gr-newald/the-resurrection-of-christ-detail-from-the-right-wing-of-the-isenheim-altarpiece
http://www.computus.org/journal/?p=1178
Geoffrey Chaucer- Literature
Disciple of BoccaccioSoldier, diplomat, and government official (Chambers 354).Wrote Canterbury Tales
Accounts pilgrimage to the tomb of St. Thomas Becket in CanterburyStories told by travelers for entertainment and each had a moralMaster portrayal of Human behavior and personality
MusicMore and more popular in princely courtsSingers and organists in churchMusical notation became standardized (Chambers 355).St. Cecilia was patron saintLow Countries were musical center
Vocal harmonies without instruments made it popular amongst the poorer sort.
How it differed from the Italian Renaissance
Differed in audience and concernsFocused more on the physical world vs. idealizationLess urban in the North with a nation state political structure vs. Italian more urbanized city-statesDiffered in aspects of religious views (Humanism and Mysticism)
Sonnet on the Northern Renaissance
The Northern renaissance was not the sameThe renaissance was a time of ‘rebirth’Where many ideas had left and cameNew ideas coming up from the hearthMany artists came about and rose to fameA different style each one to their ownTheir controversial works were not to blameAnd were being presented to the thrownTime of ‘rebirth’ and investigationsIdeas were carried up to the NorthSo many advances and creationsFrom trade and war brought these ideas forthThis time was as glorious as it seemsMany may have thought it to be a dream.