Chapter 12 The Trunk and Spinal Column. Skull Label Frontal External Occipital Protuberance Superior Nuchal Line Superior Nuchal Line (3 rd picture #2)

Chapter 12Chapter 12

The Trunk and The Trunk and

Spinal ColumnSpinal Column

SkullSkull

Label

Frontal

External Occipital Protuberance

Superior Nuchal Line (3rd picture #2)

Occipital

Mastoid Process

Temporal

Parietal

Lacrimal

Zygomatic

Maxilla

Ethmoid

Sphenoid

Vomer

Nasal Conchae

Nasal

Mandible

Palatine

Sphenoid

Vomer

VertebraVertebra

Body

Transverse Processes

Articular Processes

Spinous Process

Vertebral Foramen

Pedicle

Lamina

Intervertebral Foramen

Label

Vertebral ColumnVertebral ColumnRegional StructuresRegional Structures

1.1. Cervical (7)Cervical (7)– ..– Transverse ForamenTransverse Foramen– AtlasAtlas– Axis (Axis (OdontoidOdontoid Process) Process)

2.2. Thoracic (12)Thoracic (12)– ..

– ..3.3. Lumbar (5)Lumbar (5)4.4. ..

– Median Sacral CrestMedian Sacral Crest– Sacral CanalSacral Canal– Sacral ForamenSacral Foramen– Sacral HiatusSacral Hiatus– Superior Articular FacetSuperior Articular Facet– Superior Sacral NotchSuperior Sacral Notch

5.5. Coccyx (4)Coccyx (4)

Bifed Spinous ProcessBifed Spinous Process

Superior & Inferior Superior & Inferior Costal FacetsCostal FacetsTransverse Costal FacetsTransverse Costal Facets

Sacral (5)

SternumSternum Jugular Notch

Manubrium

Sternal Angle

Body

Costal Notches

Transverse Ridges

Xyphoid Process

LABEL

Clavicular Notch

Rib CageRib Cage

True (7)

False (3)

Floating (2)

Label

Costal Angle

Costal Groove

Inferior Border

Superior Border Tubercle

Neck

Head

Shaft

Label

JointsJoints

AtlantooccipitalAtlantooccipital

AtlantoaxialAtlantoaxial

Vertebral Facet JointsVertebral Facet Joints

IntervertebralIntervertebral

DisksDisks

Annulus Fibrosis

Nucleus Pulposus

LigamentsLigaments

Posterior LongitudinalPosterior Longitudinal

Anterior LongitudinalAnterior Longitudinal

IntertransverseIntertransverse

InterspinalInterspinalLigamentum FlavumLigamentum Flavum

SupraspinalSupraspinal

Ligamentum NuchaeLigamentum Nuchae

Ligamenta FlavaPosterior Longitudinal Ligament Anterior Longitudinal Ligament

LigamentsLigaments

Movements and Range of MotionMovements and Range of Motion

Cervical RegionCervical Region: : Flexion 45°Flexion 45° Extension 45°Extension 45° Lateral Flexion 45° Lateral Flexion 45° Rotation 60°Rotation 60°

Lumbar RegionLumbar Region: : Flexion 20° to 30°Flexion 20° to 30° Extension 20° to 30°Extension 20° to 30° Lateral Flexion 35° Lateral Flexion 35° Rotation 45°Rotation 45°

Major Muscles of the SpineMajor Muscles of the SpineSternocleidomastoidSternocleidomastoid • Strengthen

•Stretch

Major Muscles of the SpineMajor Muscles of the SpineSplenius CervicusSplenius Cervicus • Strengthen

•Stretch

Major Muscles of the SpineMajor Muscles of the SpineSplenius CapitisSplenius Capitis • Strengthen

•Stretch

Major Muscles of the SpineMajor Muscles of the SpineErector SpinaeErector Spinae SpinalisSpinalis

• Strengthen

•Stretch

Major Muscles of the SpineMajor Muscles of the SpineErector SpinaeErector Spinae LongissimusLongissimus

• Strengthen

•Stretch

Major Muscles of the SpineMajor Muscles of the SpineErector SpinaeErector Spinae IliocostalisIliocostalis

• Strengthen

•Stretch

Major Muscles of the SpineMajor Muscles of the SpineQuadratus LumborumQuadratus Lumborum • Strengthen

•Stretch

Muscles of the Abdominal WallMuscles of the Abdominal WallRectus Rectus AbdominisAbdominis • Strengthen

•Stretch

Muscles of the Abdominal WallMuscles of the Abdominal WallInternal ObliqueInternal Oblique • Strengthen

•Stretch

Muscles of the Abdominal WallMuscles of the Abdominal WallExternal ObliqueExternal Oblique • Strengthen

•Stretch

Muscles of the Abdominal WallMuscles of the Abdominal WallTransverse AbdominisTransverse Abdominis

LordosisLordosisExcessive anterior curvature of the lumbar spineExcessive anterior curvature of the lumbar spine CausesCauses CharacteristicsCharacteristics

Relationship of ASIS to PSISRelationship of ASIS to PSIS

Relationship to low back pain?Relationship to low back pain?

How to strengthenHow to strengthen

Tight/Inflexible MusclesTight/Inflexible MusclesHow to stretchHow to stretch

Anterior Pelvic TiltAnterior Pelvic Tilt

Abdominal protrusionAbdominal protrusion

Weak MusclesWeak Muscles

ScoliosisScoliosisLateral deviation(s) of the spineLateral deviation(s) of the spine CausesCauses CharacteristicsCharacteristics

IncidenceIncidence

ClassificationClassification

Curvature & Rotational DeformityCurvature & Rotational Deformity

Signs of ScoliosisSigns of Scoliosis

Simple “C”Simple “C”

Compound “S”Compound “S”

TreatmentTreatment

Signs of Scoliosis