Chapter 12 Systems Investigati on and Analysis
Chapter 12 Systems Investigation and Analysis. Chapter 12IS for management2 Participants in System Development Stakeholders Benefit from the systems develop-
Apr 01, 2015
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Chapter 12
Systems Investigation and Analysis
Chapter 12 IS for management2
Participants in System Development
StakeholdersBenefit from the systems develop- ment effort
UsersInteract with the system regularly
Systems AnalystsSpecialize in analyzing & designing business systems.
ProgrammersModify/develop programs to satisfy user requirements.
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Typical Reasons for Initiating a Systems Development Project
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Information System Planning
Information Systems PlanTranslates strategic & organizational goals into systems development initiatives.
Creative AnalysisInvestigates new approaches to existing problems.
Critical AnalysisUnbiased & careful questioning of whether system elements are related in the most effective/ efficient ways.
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Establishing Objectives for Systems Development Performance
– Quality or usefulness of output
– Quality or usefulness of output format
– Speed at which output is generated
Cost– Development costs
– Costs related to the uniqueness of the application
– Fixed investments in hardware & related equipment
– On-going operating costs
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Systems Development & the Internet
Applications being moved to the Internet– Sales
– Order placement
– Access to product information
Building a static Web site (much easier than dynamic Web site)
Tools to help with Internet systems development
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Systems Development Life Cycle
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Systems Development Life Cycle
Systems InvestigationID problems & opportunities
Systems AnalysisStudy existing systems & work processes
Systems DesignLays out how the system will do what it will do
Systems ImplementationAssemble components & put new/ modified system into operation.
Systems Maintenance and ReviewEnsures the system operates & is modified to keep up with business changes.
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Prototyping: The Iterative Life Cycle
Operational PrototypeAccesses real data files, edits input data, makes necessary computations & comparisons, & produces real output
Non-operational PrototypeA mockup or model that includes output & input specifications & formats
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General Prototyping Model
Rapid Application Development (RAD)Employs tools, techniques, & methodologies designed to speed application development, automates source code generation, & facilitate user involvement in design & development activities
Joint Application Development (JAD)Involves group meetings in which users, stakeholders, & IS professionals work together to analyze existing systems, propose solutions, & define requirements for a new or modified system
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Factors Affecting Systems Development Success
Managing ChangeRequires the ability to recognize existing or potential problems & deal with them before they become a serious threat to the success of the new/ modified system
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Factors Affecting Systems Development Success
Use of project management tools– Schedule
– Milestone
– Deadline
– Critical path
– Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT)
– Gantt chart
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Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE) Tools
Tools that automate many systems development tasks – Upper CASE tools focus on activities associated with
the early stages of systems development
– Lower CASE tools focus on the later implementation stages of systems development
– Integrated (I-CASE) tools combine upper/lower CASE
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Systems Investigation
Identifies potential problems & opportunities & considers them in light of the company’s goals
SI report summarizes results of systems investigation & the process of feasibility analysis & recommends a course of action
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Feasibility Analysis
Technical Feasibility: Can the hardware, software, & other system components be acquired or developed to solve the problem?
Operational Feasibility: Can the project be put into action or operation?
Schedule Feasibility: Can the project be completed in a reasonable time?
Economic Feasibility: Does the project make financial sense?
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Internal & External Sources of Data
Internal sources Users, stakeholders, &
managers Organization charts Forms and documents Procedure manuals & policies Financial reports IS manuals Other manuals & business
processes
External Sources Customers Suppliers Stockholders Government
agencies Competitors Outside groups Journals, media Consultants
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Data Collection
Structured Interview Unstructured
Interview Direct Observation Questionnaires Statistical Sampling
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Data Analysis
Manipulating collected data so it is usable for development team members participating in systems analysis
Data Modeling: A commonly accepted approach to modeling organizational objects & associations that employs both text & graphics
Activity Modeling: A method to describe related objects, associations, & activitiesData Flow Diagram: A diagram that models objects, associations, & activities by describing how data can flow between & around them
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DiagramsEntity-Relationship Diagram (ERD)
Data Flow Diagram (DFD)
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Application Flowcharts
Charts that show relationships among applications or systems
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Grid Charts
A table that shows relationships among the various aspects of a systems development effort
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Requirements Analysis
An assessment used to determine user, stakeholder, & organizational needs
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The Systems Analysis Report
Strength and weaknesses of existing system from a stakeholder’s perspective
User/stakeholder requirements for the new system Organizational requirements Description of what new information systems
should do to solve the problem
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Case study
Case 1: FAA system development project, page 565
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