Chapter 12 Section 3

Life Invaded the Land

Chapter 12 Section 3

Grade 10 BiologySpring 2011

OjectivesRelate the development of ozone to the

adaptation of life to the land Identify the first multicellular organisms to

live on land Name the first animals to live on land List the first vertebrates to leave the

oceans

The Ozone Layer______ provides life giving light and

dangerous ___ lightEarly in Earth’s history, life formed in the

_____, where early organisms were ___________ from _____________

Formation of Ozone LayerAbout 2.5 million years ago, photosynthesis by

__________ began adding _________ to Earth’s ____________

As oxygen began to reach upper atmosphere, the sun’s rays caused some of molecules of ________, 02, to chemically react and form molecules of __________, 03

In the upper atmosphere, _______ ______ the ___ radiation of the sun

After millions of years, enough ______ had accumulated to make the Earth a safe place to live

Plants and Fungi on LandFirst _____________ organisms to live on land

may have been ______ living together with __________________

Each possessed a quality needed by the other

Plants and Fungi on LandPlants: likely evolved from _________

Could carry out ___________________In photosynthesis: plants use energy

from ______ to make ___________Plants cannot harvest needed _________

from bare rock Fungi cannot make nutrients from _________

but can absorb minerals from bare rock

Plants and Fungi on Land____________: symbiotic associations

between fungi and the roots of plantsFungus provides minerals to plant, plant

provides nutrients to fungus _____________: relationship between two

species in which both species benefit Plants and fungi began living together on

the surface of the land about 430 million years ago

Arthropods_____________: first animals to successfully

invade land from sea Hard outer ______, segmented body, and

paired, jointed limbs Ex. Lobsters, crabs, insects, spiders

_______ have become the most plentiful and diverse group of animals in Earth’s history Insects have the ability to ____ Partnership between _____ and _______

Vertebrates ___________: animal with a

backbone Ex. Humans

Fishes First vertebrates were

small, ________ fishes that evolved in the oceans about 530 million years ago

____ enable fish to bite and chew their food instead of sucking up their food

Became most _______ animals in sea

Vertebrates _____________: first vertebrates to inhabit

the land Smooth skinned, four legged animals Ex. ___________________________________Had moist breathing sacs –_________- which

allowed the animals to absorb __________ from air

_______ of amphibians are thought to have derived from bones of fish fins

Vertebrates _________: evolved from

amphibian ancestors about 340 million years ago Snakes, lizards, turtles, and

crocodilesReptiles are better suited to

_______ than amphibians because reptiles water tight skin slows the loss of __________

Have watertight eggs, can lay eggs on ___________

Mammals and Birds_________: evolved from feathered

dinosaurs during or after the Jurassic period _________: evolved from therapsids (reptiles

with complex teeth and legs positioned beneath their body) gave rise to mammals about the same time dinosaurs evolved

Mammals and BirdsAll of the dinosaurs except _______ of birds

became _______ Smaller reptiles, mammals, and birds

__________There were many __________ available to

the surviving animals, the world’s climate was no longer largely _____

Reptile’s _________ in dry climates were not so important

Birds and mammals then became the ________ vertebrates on land

Continental DriftBoth extinctions and continental drift

played important roles in evolution _______________: movement of Earth’s land

masses over Earth’s surface through geologic timeResulted in present day position of

continents