Chapter 12 power point

© Cengage Learning 2016© Cengage Learning 2016

An Invitation to Health: Building Your Future, Brief Edition, 9eDianne Hales

Alcohol and Tobacco

12

© Cengage Learning 2016

After reading this chapter, the student should be able to:

• Outline the patterns of alcohol consumption among different populations

• Discuss the patterns, reasons, and perils of drinking on campus

• Describe the characteristics of alcohol and its effects on human health, including serious disorders

Objectives


• Review racial, ethnic, and gender differences in alcohol-related risks

• Examine the health consequences of alcohol-related disorders

• Compare the patterns of tobacco consumption among the populations in America, including college students

• Discuss gender, racial, and ethnic differences in tobacco consumption

Objectives (cont’d.)


• Identify immediate effects of tobacco consumption on body and brain functions

• Evaluate the serious health risks and dangers associated with cigarette smoking

• Review the health risks posed by different forms of tobacco

• Compare the different ways of quitting

• Analyze the harmful effects of environmental tobacco smoke on health

Objectives (cont’d.)


• Alcohol causes more disability and premature death than any cause other than heart disease

• Many Americans use alcohol– Most do not misuse or abuse it

• Types of people who should not drink at all– Recovering alcoholics, pregnant women,

anyone who plans to drive, those younger than 21, and those taking certain medications

Drinking in America


• Motivations– Feeling of relaxation

– To heighten the sense of masculinity or femininity associated with drinking

– Social ease

– Role models

– Relationship issues

– Childhood abuse or trauma

– Unemployment

Why People Drink


• Highest proportion of heavy drinkers and those with alcohol abuse disorders– 18 to 25 years old

• Abuse of alcohol– Top health concern for college students

• College men drink more and more often than college women– Women’s drinking is on the rise

• Increases risk of sexual assault

Drinking on Campus


• Ethyl alcohol (ethanol)– Type of alcohol in beverages

• Hand sanitizers can contain as much as 60 percent alcohol

• Methyl (wood) alcohol is a poison

• Amount of alcohol in drinks varies– Beer: five percent alcohol

– Wine: about 12 percent alcohol

– Distilled spirits: 50 percent alcohol

Understanding Alcohol



• Directly and quickly absorbs into bloodstream– Carried to the heart, liver, and brain

– Metabolized by the liver

• Alcohol has nearly as many calories as fat

• Some effects on the brain– Impaired perception and motor skills

– Dulled smell, taste, and temperature sensation

The Impact of Alcohol on the Body



• Women absorb 30 percent more alcohol into bloodstream than men– Due to smaller quantity of protective enzyme

• Result: women become intoxicated more easily

• Fetal alcohol syndrome– Result of drinking while pregnant

• Race influences tendency to drink– Whites drink more than African Americans

– Asian Americans tend not to drink at all

Alcohol, Gender, and Race


• Some symptoms of alcohol use disorder– Drinking larger amounts of alcohol or for a

longer time than intended

– Strong urge or craving to use alcohol

– Persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down

– Using alcohol in hazardous situations

• Alcoholism– Chronic, progressive, and often fatal disease

Alcohol-Related Disorders


• About 18 percent of Americans use some form of tobacco– Combustible (smokable) products most

dangerous

• Some reasons why people smoke– Limited education

– Underestimation of risks

– Adolescent experimentation or rebellion

– Parental role models

Tobacco in America


• 68 percent of college students have never smoked– 20 to 25 percent currently smoke

– Most smokers start before age 18

• White students have highest rates of smoking

• Students may smoke to manage stress

• Social smokers– Smoke less often than others

Tobacco Use on Campus


• 35 percent of males in developed countries smoke– 50 percent in developing countries

• Some specific risks to men– Increased risk of prostate cancer

– Reduced sexual performance

• Some specific risks to women– Osteoporosis, fertility reduction, and early

menopause

Smoking, Gender, and Race


• Nicotine: primary active component of tobacco– One of the most toxic poisons

– Directly affects the brain

• Tobacco companies have increased levels of nicotine in cigarettes

• Tobacco produces tar, a carcinogen

• Smoke contains carbon monoxide– 400 times the level considered safe

Tobacco’s Immediate Effects



• Premature death

• Heart disease and stroke

• Cancer– Smoking causes 80 percent of all cases of

lung cancer

• Respiratory diseases

• Gum disease

• Anxiety and panic attacks

Health Effects of Cigarette Smoking



• Cigars– Can cause lung and digestive tract cancer

• Water pipes (hookahs)– Smoke passes through water prior to

inhalation

– Risks are similar to or greater than cigarettes

• Pipes

• Bidis– Skinny, sweet-flavored cigarettes

Other Forms of Tobacco


• Clove cigarettes– Contain two-thirds tobacco and one-third

clove

• Smokeless tobacco– Just as addictive as smoking

• Snus– Similar to chewing tobacco

Additional Tobacco Forms


• Physical benefits– After 15 smoke-free years, risk of smoking-

related cancer drops to same level as those who never smoked

• Mental benefits– Quitters less likely to report anxiety or

depression

• Nicotine-replacement therapy– Allows smokers to taper off gradually

– Various forms include patches and gum

Quitting Tobacco Use


• Mainstream smoke– Inhaled by smokers

• Sidestream smoke– Inhaled by everyone around a smoker

– Contains twice as much tar and nicotine

• Thirdhand smoke– Nicotine residue left on furniture, walls, and

carpet

Environmental Tobacco Smoke

Chapter 12 power point

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