Chapter 12 and 13: Public speaking-developing and structuring the message

Public Speaking

Developing the Message

Sources of information

BooksMagazinesNewspapersJournalsIndexesGovernment publicationsSpecial interest group pubsNonprint media: video, audioInterviewsReliable blogsInternet searchesThe thing with Wikipedia

REMEMBERYOU NEED TO CITE THREE SOURCES ORALLY

DURING YOUR SPEECH AND REFERENCE THEM IN

YOUR OUTLINE

Supporting Material

StoriesHypothetical or factual

Specific instancesExpositionStatisticsAnalogiesTestimony

INCORPORATE

THESE INTO YOUR

ARGUMENTS

Aids

Supplementary aidsReal objectsModelsPicturesCharts, diagramsMockupsPresentation graphicsAudio aidsVideo aids

DON’T LET THESE REPLACE YOU

Public Speaking

Structuring the Message

Introduction

Introduction – PART I

Attention-getterPersonal referencesHumor / Play-on-wordsRhetorical or action questions

(ALWAYS follow-up)Unusual or dramatic devicesQuotes related to topic

“So, I’m going to be speaking about...”is not a good introduction

Introductions: An exercise

You are giving a speech about

what to pack on a road trip…Come up with:

A GOODATTENTION-GETTING

INTRODUCTORYSTATEMENT

A BAD ATTENTION-GETTING

INTRODUCTORYSTATEMENT

Introduction PART II

Orienting MaterialHistorical

backgroundDefinition of termsPersonal history of

tie to the topic• Are you qualified to

present the information?

• How does this topic affect the audience?

Back to our exercise

What would be appropriate orienting material for our “road trip” speech?

Introduction – PART II

Central ideaIndicates you purpose

and what you want from your listeners

Should always be part of the introduction

Body

Structure

Spatial Set a point of reference at a

specific location and follow a geographic patternEX: Financial tax base of the state

of Maryland

Structure

Time / ChronologicalOrder information from a

beginning point to an ending one with all the steps developed in a numerical or time sequenceEX: Development of mobile

technology

Structure

TopicalIdeas are organized on the

basis of their similarities or other relationshipsEX: Board games – multi-player

elimination, multi-player no elimination, economics and strategy, physical skills, children’s

Structure

CausalShows how two or more

events are connected in such a way that if one occurs, the other will necessarily followEX: How a well-

developed resume can get you your dream job

Structure

Comparison-contrastShows difference and

similaritiesEX: Community

colleges vs. Four-year institutions

Structure

Problem-solutionSpeaker identifies a

problem and attempts to determine how to solve itEX: Local shelters are the

way to eradicatie homelessness

Our road trip speech

How could we best arrange the body of our road trip speech? What makes the most sense?

Transitions (a.k.a. the thing I might most grill you on)

Summarize/restate the previous statement (exception: First transition) and forecast the next one

Transitions (examples)

Now that you know what I’ll be talking about, let me begin with my first main point.

Transitions (examples)

There are many health issues caused by smoking. I plan to discuss two of them.

Transitions (examples)

When I began this speech, I told you the story about my immigrant grandfather. Now that I’m about to conclude my remarks, I want to tell you of his motto. “He always said…”

Transitions (examples)

While the problem of American dependence of foreign oil is large and significant, I believe that there is a solution that we can easily implement. My proposal will reduce oil consumption while also promoting a sense of community. We should provide tax incentives for those who carpool.

Transitions (examples)

Thus far we have seen that the second World War was fought on the air and on the land. Now I’d like to turn out attention to the war on the sea.

Transitions (examples)

Before I conclude my speech, are there any questions?

Conclusion

Conclusion

Summary of major pointsClincher

Last line of the speech, make it memorable… but NOT FLUFF!

“That’s it” or “I’m done” are not good clinchers

A good technique is to tie your clincher back to your attention-getting introductory statement