Chapter 1.1 The Atlantic World, to 1600. 1 Notes USH.pdf · The Atlantic World, to 1600 •The West African World (cont.) •Slavery - Labor was more valuable in W. African culture,

Chapter 1.1The Atlantic World, to 1600

• The Native American World

• The earliest Native Americans migrated from Asia using the Bering Strait.

• Over several centuries Native Americans settled in different parts of North America developing a variety of languages and cultures.

Chapter 1.1The Atlantic World, to 1600

• The Native American World (Continued)

• Social Structure - Family connections shape Native American life.

• Religion - Beliefs center on nature and the world around them.

• Culture - Oral history is used to pass on traditions and customs.

Chapter 1.1

• The Native American World (Continued)

• Trade - Native American groups often used bartering to exchanges goods within the group and with outside groups.

• Land - Native Americans did not buy or sell land, they believed that it couldn’t be owned.

Chapter 1.1The Atlantic World, to 1600

• The Native American World Key Terms

• Kinship - Family relationship that determine social structure

• Clan - Groups of families whoa are all descended from a common ancestor

Chapter 1.2The Atlantic World, to 1600

• The European World

• Starting around 500 AD the Roman Empire breaks apart leaving Europe open to invasion by Germanic tribes and the Vikings.

• Europe plunges into the Middle Ages (Dark Ages) as the Roman Catholic Church dominates everyday life and Feudalism takes hold.

Chapter 1.2The Atlantic World, to 1600

• The European World (Continued)

• At its high point of power the Church organizes a series of attacks to take Jerusalem for the Turks called the Crusades

• The Crusades ultimately failed but did make Europeans more aware of the world outside of Europe.

Chapter 1.2

• The European World (Continued)

• The Plague - In the late 1200’s the Bubonic swept across Europe killing 1/3 of the population.

• The End of Middle Ages - Nobles begin to consolidate power leading to the development of cities and eventually nations.

Chapter 1.2

• The European World (Continued)

• The Renaissance - This growth leads to increased interest in education, the arts, and creativity. This leads to revolutionary thought like the Reformation.

• Between 1300 and 1600 Europe begins to explore outside of their borders.

Chapter 1.2The Atlantic World, to 1600

• The European World Key Terms

• Feudalism - Political & Economic system that involved Nobles, Lords, and Peasants.

• Middle Class - A group between wealthy and poor

• Magna Carta - Landmark English document signed in 1215 by King John granting rights to Nobles.

Chapter 1.3The Atlantic World, to 1600

• The West African World

• Europeans had been trading with North Africans since ancient times.

• By the 1400s Europe begins to bypass North Africans to trade directly with West Africans for gold.

• The early decades of trading were peaceful and mutually beneficial.

Chapter 1.3The Atlantic World, to 1600

• The West African World (cont.)

• Geography - 3 Main Types

• Rainforest (Tropical)

• Savanna (Dry, Grassland)

• Desert

• Family Life - Kinship and Lineage connections dominate West African society.

Chapter 1.3The Atlantic World, to 1600

• The West African World (cont.)

• Primary Empires of West Africa included the Benin & Songhai

• Differences with Europe - Africans like Native Americans did not value land the same way Europeans did. Land is scarce in Europe so it was worth more to Europeans.

Chapter 1.3The Atlantic World, to 1600

• The West African World (cont.)

• Slavery - Labor was more valuable in W. African culture, as such slave were very valuable.

• Slavery was a status that could change and was not passed on to their children.

• Slaves often gained their freedom through marriage.

Chapter 1.4The Atlantic World, to 1600

• The New Atlantic World

• Christopher Columbus - Born in 1451 in Genoa, Italy.

• An experienced explorer and map maker, Columbus was driven and unyielding.

• Columbus believed that he was on a mission from God to find a route to the West Indies (China, India, and Asian Islands)

Chapter 1.4The Atlantic World, to 1600

• The New Atlantic World (cont.)

• In 1492, Spain’s Ferdinand and Isabella sponsored his voyage in the hopes gaining wealth, glory, and religious converts.

• Columbus’ voyage took two months and end when he landed in the Bahamas instead of Asia.

Chapter 1.4The Atlantic World, to 1600

• The New Atlantic World (cont.)

• Columbus would make four more trips to the Americas

• He was named Governor of Hispaniola, but would later lose that position because his governing style was deemed to harsh.

• Columbus died in 1506, not fully accepting the fact that he discovered a new land.

Chapter 1.4The Atlantic World, to 1600

• The New Atlantic World (cont.)

• Now that a “New World” had been discovered, Spain & Portugal lead the way in establishing colonies.

• Plantations are established on the back of African Slave labor, because Native Americans are being wiped out by European disease.

Chapter 1.4The Atlantic World, to 1600

• The New Atlantic World (cont.)

• With labor at a premium in the Americas Europe begins to view slaves as property, and not people.

• An estimated 9 to 11 million West Africans are abducted and sold into slavery starting the 1500s.

Chapter 1.4The Atlantic World, to 1600

• The New Atlantic World Key Terms

• Columbian Exchange - The trade of goods & culture between the Americas, Europe, and Africa

• Treaty of Tordesillas - Signed in 1494, it divided all non Christian land between Spain & Portugal.

• Cash Crop - Valued crops sold for profit.