Chapter 11 (questions 2, 3, 6, 8, and 11). Pg 184 #2) Imagine that a developed Western nation is facing a period of economic decline. What might this.

Economic IssuesChapter 11

(questions 2, 3, 6, 8, and 11)

Pg 184 #2) Imagine that a developed Western nation is facing a period of economic decline. What might this government tend to do if it believes ina) Keynesian economics?b) neo-liberal economics?

Answered on blackboard

Pg 184 #3) Using Rostow’s work as an example define what is meant by a “model”. What are the advantages disadvantages of using a model to describe a complex reality?A simplified version of reality, based on extensive

observations, which uses average or typical results. Demographic Transition Model, Atomic Model (Dalton, Bohr, Rutherford), Linnaeus’ 5 kingdoms.

Advantages Disadvantages

Allows us to understand complex situations.

Allows us to make predictions about those complex situations.

Cannot accurately forecast or predict all situations.

Can only be used as a rough guide since refinements are often required

Pre-Colonial Africa

http://www.africancrisis.co.za/Article.php?ID=24664

Pre-Colonial Africa

http://www.thehistorysalon.com/

http://voxeu.org/index.php?q=node/5790

Africa and Independence

http://www.globalissues.org/article/84/conflicts-in-africa-introduction

Pg 184 #6) Suggest how colonialism and concession companies aided in the economic takeoff of imperial nations and hindered that of colonies.

TakeoffAgriculture moves from subsistence to commercial.Growth of cities, growth of paid workers, growth of

service sector.Expansion of public education.

Colonialism: acquisition and settlement of a territory or aCountry by another nation.

Concession company: a company created by an imperialistcountry to develop trade in its colonies, often behaved as thegovernment by proxy (Hudson Bay Co., East India Co.)

Pg 184 #6) Suggest how colonialism and concession companies aided in the economic takeoff of imperial nations and hindered that of colonies.

Imperial Nationsconcession companies extract resources from the

colonies (furs and timber from Canada, cotton from India, ivory from Africa).

resources manufactured in the imperial country and sold on the domestic and international markets.

fuelled the development of industryprovided jobs needed in the growth of citiesassisted in the accumulation of wealth in

imperial economies

Pg 184 #6) Suggest how colonialism and concession companies aided in the economic takeoff of imperial nations and hindered that of colonies.

Coloniesborders imposed with little relation to

existing political structuresfavouring select groups created ruling

classesintroduction of non-native agricultural

products for export (reduced local food supply)

local religions and cultures suppressedintroduction of disease

Pg 184 #8) …Identify three countries in each category that have:a) limited free marketsb) a balance between free markets and an involved governmentc) a limited role for government

a) USSR , North Korea, China (pre-1990s), Cuba

b) Sweden, Canada, France

c) USA, England, New Zealand

HDI* Scores in Former Colonies

The Human Development Index (HDI) is defined by Investopedia as “a tool developed by the United Nations to measure and rank countries’ levels of social and economic development based on four criteria: Life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, expected years of schooling and gross national income per capita. The HDI makes it possible to track changes in development levels over time and

to compare development levels in different countries.”

Thank you Anne!!!

What pattern do you see?The former colonies with low HDI values are, for the most part, concentrated in Africa. There are also the nations that were part of the British India which also have low values.South American former colonies all range in the mid-upper HDI values with the highest values found in North America and Oceania.

What explanation can you offer?There are a range of reasons which can explain the pattern observed;There is a link between the highest HDI values and the early settlement dates of some colonies. Canada, the USA, Australia, and in a number of South American countries. Where settlement was an important part of the colonization process, western forms of government followed as well as investment in the economies of the settlers. The goal was to create economic and political entities which could be self-governing.

In Africa , colonization (partition) occurred much later and the ultimate goal was not settlement but instead was access to resources and riches. As a result there was much less focus on investing in these economic, or societal systems. When independence was reached there less social and economic infrastructure in place in order for these nations to succeed.

India saw a greater level of investment on the part of the east-India company (a concession company). Independence and partition brought population pressure and conflict with neighbouring nations which prevented development.

Finally, in some instances corruption has grown out of the artificial grouping of varying cultural and tribal groups (in Kenya there is an expression “Our turn to eat”).