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Chapter 11 Physical Geography of Europe Unit IV
48

Chapter 11 Physical Geography of Europe Unit IV. Satellite View of Europe.

Dec 26, 2015

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Page 1: Chapter 11 Physical Geography of Europe Unit IV. Satellite View of Europe.

Chapter 11Physical Geography of Europe

Unit IV

Page 2: Chapter 11 Physical Geography of Europe Unit IV. Satellite View of Europe.

Satellite View of EuropeSatellite View of Europe

Page 3: Chapter 11 Physical Geography of Europe Unit IV. Satellite View of Europe.

REGIONS

REGIONS

Page 4: Chapter 11 Physical Geography of Europe Unit IV. Satellite View of Europe.
Page 5: Chapter 11 Physical Geography of Europe Unit IV. Satellite View of Europe.

Seas, Peninsulas, and Island

• Most of Europe= 300 miles from a seacoast.– Shapes lifestyles of EuropeansExamples:

A. 25 % of Netherlands lies below sea levelB. Dutch have constructed dikes to hold back water.

• Scandinavian Peninsula- Northern Europe mountainous area. Ice Age glaciers melted here, leaving thousands of lakes.

• Fjords- areas carved by glaciers: Jutland, main peninsula of Denmark.

• http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery-detail.asp?name=netherlands

Page 6: Chapter 11 Physical Geography of Europe Unit IV. Satellite View of Europe.

Norwegian FjordsNorwegian Fjords

e Glaciers cut deep valleys in the ocean during the Ice Age.

Page 7: Chapter 11 Physical Geography of Europe Unit IV. Satellite View of Europe.

10,000 BCE – Ice Age10,000 BCE – Ice Age

Page 8: Chapter 11 Physical Geography of Europe Unit IV. Satellite View of Europe.

Amsterdam’s CanalsAmsterdam’s Canals

Page 9: Chapter 11 Physical Geography of Europe Unit IV. Satellite View of Europe.

Holland’s DikesHolland’s Dikes

Page 10: Chapter 11 Physical Geography of Europe Unit IV. Satellite View of Europe.

Northern PeninsulasNorthern Peninsulas

Jutland Peninsula

Scandinavian Peninsula

Page 11: Chapter 11 Physical Geography of Europe Unit IV. Satellite View of Europe.

Scandinavian Peninsula

Page 12: Chapter 11 Physical Geography of Europe Unit IV. Satellite View of Europe.

http://www.relaischateaux.com/scandinavia

Page 13: Chapter 11 Physical Geography of Europe Unit IV. Satellite View of Europe.

Jutland Heavy Horse; Jutland is main peninsula of Denmark.

Page 14: Chapter 11 Physical Geography of Europe Unit IV. Satellite View of Europe.

Southern Peninsulas

• Iberian Peninsula- contains Spain and Portugal, separates Mediterranean Sea from Atlantic Ocean.– Contains Pyrenees Mountainsa. Apennine Peninusula- long, thin, boot-shaped piece

of land which contains Italy. -Contains Apennines Mountains, which includes the active volcano, Mount Vesuvius.

b. Balkan Peninsula- Southeastern Europe, tangle of mountain ranges and valleys.

Page 15: Chapter 11 Physical Geography of Europe Unit IV. Satellite View of Europe.

Southern PeninsulasSouthern Peninsulas

Iberian Peninsula

Italian Peninsula

Balkan Peninsula

AnatoleanPeninsula

CrimeanPeninsula

Page 16: Chapter 11 Physical Geography of Europe Unit IV. Satellite View of Europe.
Page 18: Chapter 11 Physical Geography of Europe Unit IV. Satellite View of Europe.

Bodies

of

Water

Bodies

of

Water

Mediterranean Sea

North Sea

AtlanticOcean Baltic

Sea

BlackSea

AegeanSea

Adriatic Sea

TyrrhenianSea

Bay ofBiscay

Strait ofGibraltar

DardanellesStrait

ArcticOcean

English Channel

CaspianSea

Page 19: Chapter 11 Physical Geography of Europe Unit IV. Satellite View of Europe.

http://geology.com/volcanoes/vesuvius/

Page 20: Chapter 11 Physical Geography of Europe Unit IV. Satellite View of Europe.

Mt. Vesuvius, ItalyMt. Vesuvius, Italy

e 1944 eruption

e Pompeii, 79 CE

e Herculaneum, 79 CE

Page 21: Chapter 11 Physical Geography of Europe Unit IV. Satellite View of Europe.

Mt. Etna, SicilyMt. Etna, Sicily

e An active volcano

Page 22: Chapter 11 Physical Geography of Europe Unit IV. Satellite View of Europe.
Page 23: Chapter 11 Physical Geography of Europe Unit IV. Satellite View of Europe.

Europe’s Islands

• Iceland- South of the Arctic Circle in the North Atlantic Ocean.– Features volcanoes, hot springs, and geysers!British Isles- Ireland and Britain- cool, hilly, and rainyMediterraneanA. SicilyB. CorsicaC. SardiniaD. CyprusE. CreteAegean Sea- nearly 2,000 islands with sunny climate. Popular

tourist destination…

Page 24: Chapter 11 Physical Geography of Europe Unit IV. Satellite View of Europe.

The Mediterranean Sea: Mare NostrumThe Mediterranean Sea: Mare Nostrum

e 2,400 miles long & 1,000 miles widee “Crossroads of 3 Continents”

Caesarea on the Israeli coast

Strait of Gibraltar & the “Pillars of Hercules”

Page 27: Chapter 11 Physical Geography of Europe Unit IV. Satellite View of Europe.
Page 29: Chapter 11 Physical Geography of Europe Unit IV. Satellite View of Europe.
Page 30: Chapter 11 Physical Geography of Europe Unit IV. Satellite View of Europe.
Page 31: Chapter 11 Physical Geography of Europe Unit IV. Satellite View of Europe.

Milos is one of the most beautiful Cycladic islands in central Aegean sea.

Page 32: Chapter 11 Physical Geography of Europe Unit IV. Satellite View of Europe.

Mountains and Plains

• Mont Blanc- highest peak in the Alps- 15,771 Feet high

• Carpathians- long mountain chain that runs through Eastern Europe.

• North European Plain- stretches from southeastern England and western France to Russia. (home to some of Europe’s largest cities)

• Great Hungarian Plain- fertile region that extends from Hungary to Croatia, Serbia, and Romania.

Page 33: Chapter 11 Physical Geography of Europe Unit IV. Satellite View of Europe.

ElevationElevation

AlpsCarpathians

Caucasus

Urals

Pyrennes

Apennines

Page 34: Chapter 11 Physical Geography of Europe Unit IV. Satellite View of Europe.
Page 35: Chapter 11 Physical Geography of Europe Unit IV. Satellite View of Europe.

http://chamonixhotels.org/chamonix-photos.html

Page 36: Chapter 11 Physical Geography of Europe Unit IV. Satellite View of Europe.
Page 37: Chapter 11 Physical Geography of Europe Unit IV. Satellite View of Europe.

Water Systems

• Europe has a network of canals that aid transportation and irrigation.

• Thames River- large river that allows ships easy access to London.

• The Rhine River- Western Europe’s major river, runs through France and Germany into the Netherlands.

• The Danube River- Eastern Europe’s major river, flows from Germany’s Black Forest to the Black Sea.

• Main-Danube Canal- links North Sea and Black Sea. Completed in 1992.

Page 38: Chapter 11 Physical Geography of Europe Unit IV. Satellite View of Europe.

The Danube RiverThe Danube River

1770 miles

Page 39: Chapter 11 Physical Geography of Europe Unit IV. Satellite View of Europe.

The Danube RiverThe Danube River

e Flows through the 12 countries of Germany, Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Romania, and the Ukraine.

Where Buda & Pest MeetWhere Buda & Pest MeetBiking

Along the Danube

Biking Along the Danube

Page 40: Chapter 11 Physical Geography of Europe Unit IV. Satellite View of Europe.

Germany’s Black ForestGermany’s Black Forest

Page 41: Chapter 11 Physical Geography of Europe Unit IV. Satellite View of Europe.

Capitals on the Rivers (1)Capitals on the Rivers (1)

Paris, right bank of the SeineParis, right bank of the SeineLondon on the ThamesLondon on the Thames

Prague on the VltavaPrague on the Vltava Budapest on the DanubeBudapest on the Danube

Page 42: Chapter 11 Physical Geography of Europe Unit IV. Satellite View of Europe.

Capitals on the Rivers (2)Capitals on the Rivers (2)

Berlin on the SpreeBerlin on the SpreeMoscow on the Moscow RiverMoscow on the Moscow River

Rome on the TiberRome on the Tiber Vienna on the DanubeVienna on the Danube

Page 43: Chapter 11 Physical Geography of Europe Unit IV. Satellite View of Europe.

Natural Resources

• At one time, an abundant supply of coal and oil supported the development of modern industry.– Today, European coalfields are depleted.Fuel Sources:A. Peat- dense, mossy substance dug up in swamps

and dried for fuel. B. Coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear, and hydroelectric

power.

Page 44: Chapter 11 Physical Geography of Europe Unit IV. Satellite View of Europe.

Oil Export Routes in the Caucasus AreaOil Export Routes in the Caucasus Area

Page 45: Chapter 11 Physical Geography of Europe Unit IV. Satellite View of Europe.

Climate and Vegetation

• European climates vary according to distance from the sea.

1. Western Europe- forests include deciduous and evergreen trees. Conifers thrive in cooler sections of the region.

a. Alps- highlands climate with colder temperatures and more precipitation; dry winds trigger avalanches.

b. Deforestation- by 1922, Ireland had cut down 99 percent of its original forest. Government and private sponsored reforestation efforts have increased woodland areas as of late.

Page 46: Chapter 11 Physical Geography of Europe Unit IV. Satellite View of Europe.

ClimateClimate

Page 47: Chapter 11 Physical Geography of Europe Unit IV. Satellite View of Europe.

Climate and Vegetation

2. Southern Europe- Mediterranean climate with warm, dry summers and mild, rainy winters. a. Alps block Atlantic winds=less precipitation falls in southern Europe.b. Mistral- an Alpine wind; occasionally blows bitter cold air into Southern France.c. Siroccos- high, dry winds from North Africa—bring hot weather to Europe.

Page 48: Chapter 11 Physical Geography of Europe Unit IV. Satellite View of Europe.

Climate and Vegetation

3. Eastern and Northern Europe- humid continental climate—cold, snowy winters and hot summers.a. Grasslands cover much of eastern Europe, especially Hungary and Romania. Mixed deciduous and coniferous forests are found here.b. Northern parts of Scandinavia feature subarctic and tundra climates. Bitter cold winters, short and cool summers, permanently frozen soil beneath the surface.