Chapter 11- ISSUES TO ADDRESS... How are metal alloys classified and how are they used • What are some of the common fabrication techniques? How do properties vary throughout a piece of material that has been quenched, for example? 1 • How can properties be modified by post heat treatment CHAPTER 11: METAL ALLOYS APPLICATIONS AND PROCESSING
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Chapter 11- ISSUES TO ADDRESS... How are metal alloys classified and how are they used? What are some of the common fabrication techniques? How do properties.
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Chapter 11-
ISSUES TO ADDRESS...• How are metal alloys classified and how are they used?
• What are some of the common fabrication techniques?
• How do properties vary throughout a piece of material that has been quenched, for example?
1
• How can properties be modified by post heat treatment?
CHAPTER 11: METAL ALLOYSAPPLICATIONS AND PROCESSING
Chapter 11-2
Adapted from Fig. 9.21,Callister 6e. (Fig. 9.21 adapted from Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams, 2nd ed.,Vol. 1, T.B. Massalski (Ed.-in-Chief), ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 1990.)
Adapted from Fig. 11.1, Callister 6e.
TAXONOMY OF METALS
Fe3C
cementite
Metal Alloys
Steels
Ferrous Nonferrous
Cast Irons Cu Al Mg Ti<1.4wt%C 3-4.5wt%C
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
4000 1 2 3 4 5 6 6.7
L
austenite
+L
+Fe3C
ferrite+Fe3C
+
L+Fe3C
(Fe) Co, wt% C
Eutectic:
Eutectoid:0.77
4.30
727°C
1148°C
T(°C)
Steels<1.4wt%C
Cast Irons3-4.5wt%C
microstructure: ferrite, graphite cementite
Chapter 11-
Fe3C3Fe()+C(graphite)
Gray iron
Nodular (ductile) iron
White iron
Malleable iron: dark graphiterosettes (temper carbon) in an-ferrite matrix.
Metastable compound
If Si content > 1 wt%, then:
Chapter 11-
The true equilibrium iron-carbon phase diagram:for Si > 1 wt%