Chapter 11: Cultures of East Asia. Main Idea Geography and cultural borrowing from China shaped the early civilizations of Japan and Korea. Section 3.

Chapter 11: Cultures of East Asia

Main Idea

Geography and cultural borrowing from China shaped the early civilizations of Japan and Korea.

Section 3 - Japan and Korea

Objectives

• What factors shaped early Japanese civilization?

• How did foreign influences shape life in early Japan?

• What characteristics defined Japan’s Heian period?

• What were the main events in the history of early Korea?

Japan - 1500-mile chain of islands that form an archipelago east of Asia

I. Early Japanese Civilization

I. Early Japanese Civilization

Japanese call their country Nippon, meaning “Land of the Rising Sun”

Japan lies on the Ring of Fire, a zone of volcanoes, earthquakes, and tsunamis

I. Early Japanese Civilization

•People never far from sea, turned to sea for food, transportation

•Sea protected and isolated Japan – 100 miles from Korea, 400 from China

I. Early Japanese Civilization

Early people were hunters and gatherers; Ainu are oldest Japanese culture

I. Early Japanese Civilization

Ainu couple in traditional dress

Ainu driven onto northernmost island; new peoples organized into clans

Jomon period clay figurines known as dogu

(ca. 14,000 - 300 B.C.E)

Storage jar, late Yayoi period (ca. 4th century B.C.–3rd century A.D.)

ca. 100–200

I. Early Japanese Civilization

Japanese belief in nature spirits, or kami, developed into the Shinto religion

I. Early Japanese Civilization

Shinto - “way of the kami”: •Everything in nature has a kami, •No sacred text or formal structure•Shrines built to honor kami

I. Early Japanese Civilization

Sun goddess Amaterasu was a revered kami; first emperor of Yamato clan claimed to be her grandson

I. Early Japanese Civilization

By mid-500s Japan had increased contact with Korea and China; cultural diffusion

II. Foreign Influences on Japan

Korean traders, travelers brought foreign influences, i.e. Chinese writing, Buddhism

II. Foreign Influences on Japan

 The kobuk-son: Korea's “Turtle Ship”

Prince Shotoku sent scholars to learn from Chinese

II. Foreign Influences on Japan

Prince Shotoku (574-622)Japan’s regent from 593 to 622

Chinese religion, art, science, government, and fashion influenced Japanese society

II. Foreign Influences on Japan

794 - Emperor moved capital to Heian (Kyoto); elegant court society developed

III. The Heian Period

Nobles called themselves “dwellers among the clouds”

III. The Heian Period

Culture flourished - Lady Murasaki Shikibu wrote the world’s first novel, The Tale of Genji

III. The Heian Period

Fujiwara family controlled Japan for most of Heian period

III. The Heian Period

Nakatomi no Kamatari, was given the surname Fujiwara and became the founder of a family that was to dominate Japanese government for centuries to come.

Korean Peninsula was settled by nomadic peoples from northeastern Asia

IV. Korea

Gojoseon (c.2333 - 108 BC) was the first Korean kingdom

IV. Korea

c. 108 B.C. Han China conquered Gojoseon and controlled Korea for 400 years

IV. Korea

About 670 the Silla united Korea for the first time, but were overthrown in 935 by the Koryo

IV. Korea

Celadon Pottery (Koryo period)

Mongols ruled from the mid-1200s until 1392, when the Yi dynasty was established; lasted until 1910

IV. Korea

General Yi Song Gye, Founder of the Yi (or

Choson) Dynasty, which lasted from 1392 until 1910

The gravel is South Korea, the sand is North Korea

The Bridge of No Return

“Propaganda Village “ – A 600 pound North Korean flag hangs on a 525 foot flag pole less than a mile from the South Korean border

A magnitude 9.0 undersea earthquake off the coast of Japan occurred on Friday 11 March 2011. The epicenter was approximately 70 kilometres (43 mi) east of the Oshika Peninsula of Tōhoku at an underwater depth of approximately 30 km (19 mi). The earthquake is often referred to in Japan as the Great East Japan earthquake.

2011 Japan Tsunami

IV. Korea