Chapter 11 – Chemical Reactions In chemical reactions, old bonds are broken and new bonds are formed - the breaking of bonds requires energy (absorbs energy)

Chapter 11 – Chemical ReactionsIn chemical reactions, old bonds are broken and new bonds are formed - the breaking of bonds requires energy (absorbs energy) - the forming of new bonds releases energy - the atoms involved are not created or destroyed, they just rearrangeEx: CH4 + O2 CO2 + H2O

Hydrocarbon – combo of C’s and H’s that burn (react with oxygen) to produce CO2 and H2O.

(s) – solid Fe(s) + O2(g) Fe2O3(s) (l) – liquid (g) – gasindicate physical state of matter (aq) – aqueous

MnO2

H2O2(l) H2O(l) + O2(g)

indicates a catalyst – a substance that speeds up a reaction without itself being used up.

Balancing Equations - same # of atoms on each side ___H2(g) + ___O2(g) ___H2O(l)

___Ag(NO3)(aq) + ___Cu(s) ___Cu(NO3)(aq) + ___Ag(s)

___Al(s) + ___O2(g) ___Al2O3(s)

HW# 1a) __PbO2 __PbO + __O2

b) __P + __O2 __P4O10

#2a) carbon + oxygen carbon monoxide

b) Potassium nitrate potassium nitrite + oxygen

c) Hydrogen + sulfur hydrogen sulfide

Ch11 HW#1 1,2

HW #1 - 1,2

1 c) _ Al + _ N2 _ AlN

d) _ Li + _ FeBr2 _ Li Br + _Fe

f) _ NaCl + _H2(SO4) _ HCl + _ Na2(SO4)

g) _ H2 + _ Fe3O4 _ Fe + 4 H2O

h) _ Al + _ Cu(SO4) _ Al2(SO4)3 + _ Cu

HW #1 - 1,2

1 c) 2 Al + 1 N2 2 AlN

d) _ Li + _ FeBr2 _ Li Br + _Fe

f) _ NaCl + _H2(SO4) _ HCl + _ Na2(SO4)

g) _ H2 + _ Fe3O4 _ Fe + 4 H2O

h) _ Al + _ Cu(SO4) _ Al2(SO4)3 + _ Cu

HW #1 - 1,2

1 c) 2 Al + 1 N2 2 AlN

d) 2 Li + FeBr2 2 Li Br + Fe

f) _ NaCl + _ H2(SO4) _ HCl + _ Na2(SO4)

g) _ H2 + _ Fe3O4 _ Fe + 4 H2O

h) _ Al + _ Cu(SO4) _ Al2(SO4)3 + _ Cu

HW #1 - 1,2

1 c) 2 Al + 1 N2 2 AlN


f) 2 NaCl + H2(SO4) 2 HCl + Na2(SO4)

g) _ H2 + _ Fe3O4 _ Fe + 4 H2O

h) _ Al + _ Cu(SO4) _ Al2(SO4)3 + _ Cu

HW #1 - 1,2

1 c) 2 Al + 1 N2 2 AlN



g) 4 H2 + Fe3O4 3 Fe + 4 H2O

h) _ Al + _ Cu(SO4) _ Al2(SO4)3 + _ Cu

HW #1 - 1,2

1 c) 2 Al + 1 N2 2 AlN



g) 4 H2 + Fe3O4 3 Fe + 4 H2O

h) 2 Al + 3 Cu(SO4) Al2(SO4)3 + 3 Cu

2d) Iron(III)chloride + calcium hydroxide iron(III)hydroxide + calcium chloride

e) sodium + water sodium hydroxide + hydrogen

f) hydrogen + sulfur hydrogen sulfide

2d) Iron(III)chloride + calcium hydroxide iron(III)hydroxide + calcium chloride

2 FeCl3 + 3 Ca(OH)2 2 Fe(OH)3 + 3 CaCl2

e) sodium + water sodium hydroxide + hydrogen

Na + H2O Na(OH) + H2 2 Na + 2 H(OH) 2 Na(OH) + H2

f) hydrogen + sulfur hydrogen sulfideH2 + S H2S

Ch11.2 – Types of Reactions: Combination and Decomposition

Only be certain of the outcome of a reaction by actually performing

an experiment.

1. Combination Reaction - 2 or more substances react to form

a single substance.

Mg(s) + O2(g)

S(s) + O2(g) SO3(g)

CaO(s) + H2O(l)

Only be certain of the outcome of a reaction by actually performing an experiment.

1. Combination Reaction - 2 or more substances react to form a single substance.

2 Mg(s) + O2(g) 2 MgO(s)

2 S(s) + 3 O2(g) 2 SO3(g)

CaO(s) + H2O(l) Ca(OH)2(aq)

HW #3c) Ca + S

d) Fe + O2 (Iron (II) oxide)

HW #3c) Ca + S

Ca + S CaS

d) Fe + O2 (Iron (II) oxide)

2 Fe + O2 2 FeO

2. Decomposition Reactions – a single compound is broken down

into 2 or more products.

H2O(l)

Mercury (II) oxide

C12H22 O11

Ch11 HW#2 3,4

2. Decomposition Reactions – a single compound is broken down into

2 or more products.

2 H2O(l) 2 H2 + O2

Mercury (II) oxide

Hg+2 O-2

2 HgO 2 Hg + O2

C12H22 O11 12 C + 11 H20Ch11 HW#2 3,4

Ch11 HW#2 (3,4)

3a) _ Mg + _ O2

b) P + O2 Tetraphosphorous Decoxide

e) _ NO + _O2

Ch11 HW#2 (3,4)

3a) _ Mg + _ O2 _ MgO

2 Mg + 1 O2 2 MgO


e) _ NO + _O2 _ NO2

Ch11 HW#2 (3,4)

3a) _ Mg + _ O2 _ MgO

2 Mg + 1 O2 2 MgO


4 P + 5 O2 P4O10

e) _ NO + _O2 _ NO2

Ch11 HW#2 (3,4)

3a) _ Mg + _ O2 _ MgO

2 Mg + 1 O2 2 MgO


4 P + 5 O2 P4O10

e) _ NO + _O2 _ NO2

2 NO + 1O2 2 NO2

Ch11 HW#2 (3,4)

4a) HBr

b) NaCl

c) Ag2O

d) HgO

Ch11 HW#2 (3,4)

4a) HBr H2 + Br2

2 HBr H2 + Br2

b) NaCl Na + Cl2

c) Ag2O Ag + O2

d) HgO Hg + O2

Ch11 HW#2 (3,4)

4a) HBr H2 + Br2

2 HBr H2 + Br2

b) NaCl Na + Cl2

2 NaCl 2 Na + Cl2

c) Ag2O Ag + O2

d) HgO Hg + O2

Ch11 HW#2 (3,4)

4a) HBr H2 + Br2

2 HBr H2 + Br2

b) NaCl Na + Cl2

2 NaCl 2 Na + Cl2

c) Ag2O Ag + O2

2 Ag2O 4 Ag + O2

d) HgO Hg + O2

Ch11 HW#2 (3,4)

4a) HBr H2 + Br2

2 HBr H2 + Br2

b) NaCl Na + Cl2

2 NaCl 2 Na + Cl2

c) Ag2O Ag + O2

2 Ag2O 4 Ag + O2

d) HgO Hg + O2

2 HgO 2 Hg + O2

Ch11 HW#2 (3,4)

4e) Copper (I) chloride

f) Copper (II) chloride

Ch11 HW#2 (3,4)


Cu+1 Cl-1

2 CuCl 2 Cu + Cl2


Ch11 HW#2 (3,4)


Cu+1 Cl-1

2 CuCl 2 Cu + Cl2


Cu+2 Cl-1

1 CuCl2 1 Cu + 1 Cl2

Ch11.2 Cont.Single Displacement Reactions – atoms of one element replace the atoms

of a second element in a compound.

Zn + HCl

Li + H2O

Mg + AgNO3

Mg + KNO3

HW# 5d) Cl2(l) + KI(aq) I2 + KCl

f) Cu(s) + FeSO4(aq) Fe + Cu2SO4

Double Replacement Reactions – involves the exchange of positive ions between 2 compounds.

Usually one of the following occurs:1. One product is a precipitate.

Na2S(aq) + Cd(NO3)2(aq) CdS(s) + NaNO3(aq)




2. One product is a gas, bubbles out.

NaCN(aq) + H2SO4(aq) HCN(g) + Na2SO4(aq)




2. One product is a gas, bubbles out.

NaCN(aq) + H2SO4(aq) HCN(g) + Na2SO4(aq)

3. One product is a molecule, possibly water.

Ca(OH)2 + HCl(aq) CaCl2(aq) + H(OH)(l)

Ch11 HW#3 5,6

Ex: AgNO3(aq) + KCl(aq)

Ch11 HW#3 5,6

HW #3 - 5,6

5a) _ Ag(s) + _ KNO3(aq)

b) _ Zn(s) + _ AgNO3(aq)

c) _ Al(s) + _ S2SO4(aq)

e) _ Li(s) + _ H2O(l)

HW #3 - 5,6

5a) 1 Ag(s) + 1 KNO3(aq) 1 K + 1 AgNO3

b) _ Zn(s) + _ AgNO3(aq)

c) _ Al(s) + _ S2SO4(aq)

e) _ Li(s) + _ H2O(l)

HW #3 - 5,6

5a) 1 Ag(s) + 1 KNO3(aq) 1 K + 1 AgNO3

b) 1 Zn(s) + 2 AgNO3(aq) 2 Ag + 1 Zn(NO3)2

c) _ Al(s) + _ S2SO4(aq)

e) _ Li(s) + _ H2O(l)

HW #3 - 5,6

5a) 1 Ag(s) + 1 KNO3(aq) 1 K + 1 AgNO3


c) 2 Al(s) + 3 S2SO4(aq) 3 H2 + 1 Al2(SO4)3

e) _ Li(s) + _ H2O(l)

HW #3 - 5,6

5a) 1 Ag(s) + 1 KNO3(aq) 1 K + 1 AgNO3


c) 2 Al(s) + 3 S2SO4(aq) 3 H2 + 1 Al2(SO4)3

e) 2 Li(s) + 1 H2O(l) 1 H2 + 1 Li2O

HW#3 - 5,6

6a) HCl(aq) + Ca(OH)2(aq)

b) Ag2SO4 + AlCl3

c) KOH + H3PO4

6a) HCl(aq) + Ca(OH)2(aq) Ca+2 Cl-1 + H(OH)

___HCl(aq) + ___Ca(OH)2(aq) ___CaCl2 + ___H(OH) 2 HCl(aq) + 1 Ca(OH)2(aq) 1 CaCl2 + 2 H(OH)

b) Ag2SO4 + AlCl3

c) KOH + H3PO4



b) Ag2SO4 + AlCl3 Ag+1 Cl-1 + Al+3 SO4-2

___ Ag2SO4 + ___AlCl3 ___AgCl + ___Al2(SO4)3

3 Ag2SO4 + 2 AlCl3 6 AgCl + 1 Al2(SO4)3

c) KOH + H3PO4



b) Ag2SO4 + AlCl3 Ag+1 Cl-1 + Al+3 SO4-2

___ Ag2SO4 + ___AlCl3 ___AgCl + ___Al2(SO4)3

3 Ag2SO4 + 2 AlCl3 6 AgCl + 1 Al2(SO4)3

c) KOH + H3PO4 K+1 PO4-3 + H(OH)

___KOH + ___H3PO4 ___K3PO4 + ___H(OH) 3 KOH + 1 H3PO4 1 K3PO4 + 3 H(OH)

6d) H2SO4 + Al(OH)3

e) SrBr2 + (NH4)2CO3

6d) H2SO4 + Al(OH)3 Al+3 SO4-2 + H(OH)

___H2SO4 + ___Al(OH)3 ___Al2(SO4)3 + ___H(OH) 3 H2SO4 + 2 Al(OH)3 1 Al2(SO4)3 + 6 H(OH)

e) SrBr2 + (NH4)2CO3

6d) H2SO4 + Al(OH)3 Al+3 SO4-2 + H(OH)

___H2SO4 + ___Al(OH)3 ___Al2(SO4)3 + ___H(OH) 3 H2SO4 + 2 Al(OH)3 1 Al2(SO4)3 + 6 H(OH)

e) SrBr2 + (NH4)2CO3 Sr+2 CO3-2 + NH4

+1 Br-1

___SrBr2 + ___(NH4)2CO3 ___SrCO3 + ___NH4Br 1 SrBr2 + 1 (NH4)2CO3 1 SrCO3 + 2 NH4Br

Ch11.2c – Combustion ReactionsAn element or compound reacts with oxygen producing energy

in the form of heat and light.

Hydrocarbons: ___CH4 + ___O2

___C2H6 + ___O2

___C3H8 + ___O2

Methane

Ethane

Propane

ID type of rxns & balance

HW - 8a) ___Hf + ___N2 ___Hf3N4 ____

b) ___Mg + ___H2SO4 ___MgSO4 + ___H2 ____

c) ___C2H6 + ___O2 ___CO2 + ___H2O ____

d) ___Pb(NO3)2 + ___NaI ___PbI2 + ___NaNO3

____

Ch11 HW #4 7,8

7 a) Butane gas, C4H8

___C4H8 + ___O2 ___CO2 + ___H2O

b) Glucose, C6H12O6

___C6H12O6 + ___O2 ___CO2 + ___H2O

c) Octane, C8H18

___C8H18 + ___O2 ___CO2 + ___H2O

Ch11 HW#4 7,8


1 C4H8 + 6 O2 4 CO2 + 4 H2O

b) Glucose, C6H12O6

___C6H12O6 + ___O2 ___CO2 + ___H2O

c) Octane, C8H18

___C8H18 + ___O2 ___CO2 + ___H2O

Ch11 HW#4 7,8


1 C4H8 + 6 O2 4 CO2 + 4 H2O

b) Glucose, C6H12O6

1 C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O

c) Octane, C8H18

___C8H18 + ___O2 ___CO2 + ___H2O

Ch11 HW#4 7,8


1 C4H8 + 6 O2 4 CO2 + 4 H2O

b) Glucose, C6H12O6

1 C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O

c) Octane, C8H18

2 C8H18 + 25 O2 16 CO2 + 18 H2O

Ch11 HW#4 7,8

Balance & ID8) e) ___Fe + ___O2 ___Fe3O4 ______

f) __Hg(NO3)2 + __NH4SCN __Hg(SCN)2 + __NH4NO3

______

g) __(NH4)2SO4 + __NaOH __NH4OH + __Na2SO4

______

Balance & ID8) e) 3 Fe + 2 O2 1 Fe3O4 Combination

f) __Hg(NO3)2 + __NH4SCN __Hg(SCN)2 + __NH4NO3

______


______


f) 1 Hg(NO3)2 + 2 NH4SCN 1 Hg(SCN)2 + 2 NH4NO3

Double Replacement


______


f) 1 Hg(NO3)2 + 2 NH4SCN 1 Hg(SCN)2 + 2 NH4NO3

Double Replacement

g) 1 (NH4)2SO4 + 2 NaOH 2 NH4OH + 1 Na2SO4

D.R.

Types of Chemical ReactionsSynthesis Reaction: a+b ab

2H2(g)+O2(g) 2H2O(g)

Decomposition Reaction: ab a+b

2H2O(l) Electric Current 2H2(g)+O2(g)

Single Displacement Reaction: a+bc ac+b

Zn(s)+Cu(NO3)2(aq) Zn(NO3)2(aq)+Cu(s)

Double-Displacement Reaction: ab+cd ad+cb

AgNO3(aq)+NaCl(aq) AgCl(s)+NaNO3(aq)

Combustion Reaction: ab+O2 oxide of a + oxide of b

CH4(g)+2O2(g) CO2(g)+2H2O(g)

Ch11.5 – Net Ionic Equations AgNO3(aq) + KCl(aq)

Ch11.5 – Net Ionic Equations AgNO3(aq) + KCl(aq)

Ag+(aq) + NO3

-(aq) + Na+

(aq) + Cl-(aq) AgCl(s) + Na+

(aq) + NO3-(aq)

AgNO3(aq) + KCl(aq) AgCl(s) + KNO3(aq)

Net Ionic Eqn: Ag+(aq) + Cl-

(aq) AgCl(s)

Ex 1) ID the spectator ions: a) HCl(aq) + ZnS(aq)

b) Cl2(g) + NaBr(aq)

Ex 1) ID the spectator ions: a) HCl(aq) + ZnS(aq) H2S(g) + ZnCl2(aq)

H+(aq) + Cl-

(aq) + Zn+2(aq) + S-2

(aq) H2S(g) + Zn+2(aq) + 2Cl-

(aq)

NIE: 2H+(aq) + S-2

(aq) H2S(g)

b) Cl2(g) + NaBr(aq) Br2(l) + NaCl(aq)

Cl2(g) + Na+1(aq) + Br-1

(aq) Br2(l) + Na+(aq) + Cl-

(aq)

NIE: Cl2(g) + 2Br-1(aq) Br2(l) + 2Cl-

(aq)

c) HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)

c) HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) NaCl(aq) + H(OH)(l)

H+(aq) + Cl-

(aq) + Na+(aq) + OH-

(aq) Na+(aq) + Cl-

(aq) + H(OH)l

NIE: H+(aq) + OH-

(aq) H(OH)(l)

Ch11 HW#5 9 – 11

Ch11 HW#5 9 – 11 9. Distinguish between the complete equation and the net ionic equation.10. Write the NIE:

a. Pb(ClO4)2(aq) + NaI(aq) PbI2(s) + NaClO4(aq)

b. Zn(s) + HCl(aq) ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)

c. Ca(OH)2(aq) + H3PO4(aq) Ca3PO4(aq) + H2O(l)



Pb+2(aq) + 2I-1

(aq) PbI2(s)





Pb+2(aq) + 2I-1

(aq) PbI2(s)


Zn(s) + 2H+1(aq) Zn+2

(aq) + H2(g)




Pb+2(aq) + 2I-1

(aq) PbI2(s)


Zn(s) + 2H+1(aq) Zn+2

(aq) + H2(g)


3(OH)-1(aq) + 3H+1

(aq) 3H2O(l)

11. Complete each and write NIE:

a. Al(s) + H2SO4(aq)

b. HCl(aq) + Ba(OH)2(aq)


a. Al(s) + H2SO4(aq) Al2(SO4)3(aq) + H2(g)

Al(s) + H+1(aq) + SO4

-2 (aq) Al+3

(aq) + SO4-2

(aq) + H2(g)

Al(s) + 2H+1(aq) Al+3

(aq) + H2(g)

b. HCl(aq) + Ba(OH)2(aq)


a. Al(s) + H2SO4(aq) Al2(SO4)3(aq) + H2(g)

Al(s) + H+1(aq) + SO4

-2 (aq) Al+3

(aq) + SO4-2

(aq) + H2(g)

Al(s) + 2H+1(aq) Al+3

(aq) + H2(g)

b. HCl(aq) + Ba(OH)2(aq) BaCl2(aq) + H(OH)(l)

H+1(aq)

+ Cl-1(aq) + Ba+2

(aq) + OH-1(aq) Ba+2

(aq) + Cl-1(aq) + HOH(l)

H+1(aq)

+ OH-1(aq) H(OH)(l)

Ch11 Review #11. __NaNO2 + __FeSO4 __Na2SO4 + __Fe(NO2)2 2. __Al2(SO4)3 + __HCl __H2SO4 + __AlCl3 3. __BaCl2 + __Na2SO4 __NaCl + __BaSO4 4. __KCl + __Pb(NO3)2 __KNO3 + __PbCl3

5. __Mg + __HCl __MgCl2 + __H2

6. __C2H5OH + __O2 __CO2 + __H2O7. __HgO __Hg + __O2

8. __KClO3 __KCl + __O2 9. __Na2O + __H2O __NaOH10. __MnO + __HCl __MnCl2 + __H2O11. __Al + __HCl __AlCl3 + __H2 12. __AgNO3 + __NaCl __AgCl + __NaNO3 13. __Fe + __CuSO4 __FeSO4 + __Cu14. __N2 + __H2 __NH3 15. __HgO __Hg + __O2

Balance and list type of reaction:16. silver + sulfur silver sulfide ______

17. __Al + __Fe2O3 __Fe + Al2O3 _____

18. mecury(II)oxide mercury + oxygen ______

19. potassium chloride + silver nitrate ______

20. Ca + HCl _______

21. C2H5OH + O2 _______

22. hydrogen + Fe2O3 iron + steam _______

23. carbon + oxygen carbon monoxide _______

24. __Al2(SO4)3 + Ca(OH)2 aluminum hydroxide + CaSO4 ______

Ch11 Rev WS IIClassify:1. 2KCL3 2KCl + 3O2 ______2. HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O ______3. Mg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2 ______4. 2H2 + O2 2H2O ______5. 2Al + 3NiBr2 2AlBr3 + 3Ni ______6. 4Al + 3O2 2Al2O3 ______7. 2NaCl 2Na + Cl2 ______8. CaCl2 + F2 CaF2 + Cl2 ______9. AgNO3 + KCl AgCl + KNO3 ______10. N2 + 3H2 2NH3 ______11. 2H2O2 2H2O + O2 ______12. (NH4)2SO4 + Ba(NO3)2 BaSO4 + 2NH4NO3 ______13. MgI2 + Br2 MgBr2 + I2 ______14. SO3 + H2O H2SO4 ______15. 6KCl + Zn3(PO4)2 3ZnCl2 + 2K3PO4 ______

Balance:1. __CH4 + __O2 __CO2 + __H2O2. __Na + __I2 __NaI3. __N2 + __O2 __N2O4. __N2 + __H2 __NH3 5. __KI + __Cl2 __KCl + I2 6. __HCl + __Ca(OH)2 __CaCl2 + __H2O7. __KClO3 __KCl + __O2 8. __K3PO4 + __HCl __KCl + __H3PO4 9. __S + __O2 __SO3 10. __KI + __Pb(NO3)2 __KNO3 + __PbI2 11. __CaSO4 + __AlBr3 __CaBr2 + __Al2(SO4)3 12. __H2O2 __H2O + O2 13. __Na + __H2O __NaOH + __H2

14. __C2H6 + __O2 __CO2 + __H2O15. __Mg(NO3)2 + __K3PO4 __Mg3(PO4)2 + __KNO3 Write and balance:1. Hydrogen plus oxygen yield water.

2. Nitrogen plus hydrogen yield ammonia.

3. Aluminum bromide plus chlorine yield aluminum chloride and bromine.

4. Hydrochloric acid plus sodium hydroxide yield sodium chloride and water.

Ch11 Test Review1. Iron + oxygen Iron(III)product formed

2. Phosphoric acid + Magnesium hydroxide

3. Cadmium(II)phosphate + Ammonium sulfide

4. Zinc sulfide + Oxygen

5. Calcium hydroxide + Aluminum acetate

6. Barium nitrate + Iron(III)sulfate

7. Sodium + Aluminum carbonate

8. Sulfuric acid + Aluminum hydroxide

9. Nitric acid + Potassium carbonate

10. Bromine + Cesium iodide

Chapter 11 – Chemical Reactions In chemical reactions, old bonds are broken and new bonds are formed - the breaking of bonds requires energy (absorbs energy)

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