CHAPTER 10: THE JEFFERSON ERA Section 2: The Louisiana Purchase and Exploration Today we will summarize the purchase of the Louisiana Territory and its.

CHAPTER 10: THE JEFFERSON ERASection 2: The Louisiana Purchase and

Exploration

CHAPTER 10: THE JEFFERSON ERASection 2: The Louisiana Purchase and

Exploration

Today we will summarize the Today we will summarize the purchase of the Louisiana Territory purchase of the Louisiana Territory

and its exploration.and its exploration.

Today we will summarize the Today we will summarize the purchase of the Louisiana Territory purchase of the Louisiana Territory

and its exploration.and its exploration.

What We Already KnowWhat We Already KnowThomas Jefferson wanted America Thomas Jefferson wanted America to remain a nation of small towns to remain a nation of small towns

and independent farmers.and independent farmers.

Thomas Jefferson wanted America Thomas Jefferson wanted America to remain a nation of small towns to remain a nation of small towns

and independent farmers.and independent farmers.

What We Already Know

Jefferson was a strict constructionist, Jefferson was a strict constructionist, meaning he believed the government meaning he believed the government could only do what it was specifically could only do what it was specifically empowered to do by the Constitution.empowered to do by the Constitution.

Jefferson was a strict constructionist, Jefferson was a strict constructionist, meaning he believed the government meaning he believed the government could only do what it was specifically could only do what it was specifically empowered to do by the Constitution.empowered to do by the Constitution.

What We Already Know

Even before the war for Even before the war for independence, Americans were independence, Americans were

eager to move west into new lands.eager to move west into new lands.

Even before the war for Even before the war for independence, Americans were independence, Americans were

eager to move west into new lands.eager to move west into new lands.

Trans-Appalachia

• Wooded; rolling hills and flatlands

• Well-watered• Humid summers,

cold winters• Settlers by the

thousands moving in, displacing the Native Americans

The Great Plains

• Flat, rolling plains• Rocky Mountains• Great Basin (desert)• Treeless; few rivers• Hot, dry summers;

bitterly cold winters• France and Spain• Nomadic Plains

Indians (horse culture)

• Non-migratory Indians in the Southwest

The Pacific Coast

• Mild weather; rainy in the Northwest, dry in the Southwest

• Sierra Mountains, Cascades, Coast Ranges, Central Valley

• Many natural harbors• Spain, Russia, Britain, the United

States in competition• Many Indian groups of various

cultures

The West in 1800

• In the 1800s, thousands of settlers moved westward across the Appalachian Mountains.

• Kentucky and Tennessee had become states by 1800.

• In the 1800s, thousands of settlers moved westward across the Appalachian Mountains.

• Kentucky and Tennessee had become states by 1800.

The West in 1800The West in 1800The West in 1800The West in 1800

France and Spain were negotiating for ownership of the Louisiana Territory – the vast region between the

Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains.

France and Spain were negotiating for ownership of the Louisiana Territory – the vast region between the

Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains.

The West in 1800

Along the Pacific coast, Spain, Russia, Great Britain, and the United States were

establishing settlements.

Along the Pacific coast, Spain, Russia, Great Britain, and the United States were

establishing settlements.

The West in 1800The West in 1800The West in 1800The West in 1800• As the number of westerners grew, so did As the number of westerners grew, so did

their political power. their political power. • An important issue for many settlers was

the use of the Mississippi River and the port of New Orleans.

• Westerners used the river and port to send their goods to east coast markets.

• As the number of westerners grew, so did As the number of westerners grew, so did their political power. their political power.

• An important issue for many settlers was the use of the Mississippi River and the port of New Orleans.

• Westerners used the river and port to send their goods to east coast markets.

Napoleon and New Orleans

• After losing the French and Indian War in After losing the French and Indian War in 1763, France turned Louisiana over to Spain. 1763, France turned Louisiana over to Spain.

• In 1800, Spain secretly agreed to return the In 1800, Spain secretly agreed to return the Louisiana Territory, including New Orleans, to Louisiana Territory, including New Orleans, to France.France.

• After losing the French and Indian War in After losing the French and Indian War in 1763, France turned Louisiana over to Spain. 1763, France turned Louisiana over to Spain.

• In 1800, Spain secretly agreed to return the In 1800, Spain secretly agreed to return the Louisiana Territory, including New Orleans, to Louisiana Territory, including New Orleans, to France.France.

Napoleon and New Orleans

• Just before turning the colony over to France, Just before turning the colony over to France, Spain closed New Orleans to U.S. ships, in Spain closed New Orleans to U.S. ships, in violation of the Pinckney treaty. violation of the Pinckney treaty.

• Angry Westerners called for war against Spain Angry Westerners called for war against Spain and France. and France.

• To avoid war, Jefferson offered to buy the port of To avoid war, Jefferson offered to buy the port of New Orleans from France for $2 million. New Orleans from France for $2 million.

• France offered to sell the entire Louisiana France offered to sell the entire Louisiana Territory to the United States for $15 million.Territory to the United States for $15 million.

• Just before turning the colony over to France, Just before turning the colony over to France, Spain closed New Orleans to U.S. ships, in Spain closed New Orleans to U.S. ships, in violation of the Pinckney treaty. violation of the Pinckney treaty.

• Angry Westerners called for war against Spain Angry Westerners called for war against Spain and France. and France.

• To avoid war, Jefferson offered to buy the port of To avoid war, Jefferson offered to buy the port of New Orleans from France for $2 million. New Orleans from France for $2 million.

• France offered to sell the entire Louisiana France offered to sell the entire Louisiana Territory to the United States for $15 million.Territory to the United States for $15 million.

Napoleon and New Orleans

• Napoleon had several reasons for selling the land.

• The first reason had to do with a profitable French colony in the Caribbean called Santo Domingo.

• Napoleon had several reasons for selling the land.

• The first reason had to do with a profitable French colony in the Caribbean called Santo Domingo.

Napoleon and New OrleansNapoleon and New Orleans

• All the land on Santo Domingo was used for growing All the land on Santo Domingo was used for growing sugar, so food had to be grown elsewhere.sugar, so food had to be grown elsewhere.

• Napoleon planned to use land in the Louisiana Territory Napoleon planned to use land in the Louisiana Territory for farms to feed the slaves in Santo Domingo.for farms to feed the slaves in Santo Domingo.

• All the land on Santo Domingo was used for growing All the land on Santo Domingo was used for growing sugar, so food had to be grown elsewhere.sugar, so food had to be grown elsewhere.

• Napoleon planned to use land in the Louisiana Territory Napoleon planned to use land in the Louisiana Territory for farms to feed the slaves in Santo Domingo.for farms to feed the slaves in Santo Domingo.

Napoleon and New Orleans

In 1801, a slave named Toussaint L’Ouverture

led a violent slave uprising against the

French colonists.

In 1801, a slave named Toussaint L’Ouverture

led a violent slave uprising against the

French colonists.

Napoleon and New Orleans

• Though Napoleon sent in French troops, they Though Napoleon sent in French troops, they were unable to put down the revolt.were unable to put down the revolt.

• Without a profitable slave colony to feed, Without a profitable slave colony to feed, Louisiana was of no use to Napoleon.Louisiana was of no use to Napoleon.

• Though Napoleon sent in French troops, they Though Napoleon sent in French troops, they were unable to put down the revolt.were unable to put down the revolt.

• Without a profitable slave colony to feed, Without a profitable slave colony to feed, Louisiana was of no use to Napoleon.Louisiana was of no use to Napoleon.

Napoleon and New Orleans

• Napoleon also was involved in a costly war with Britain.

• He decided he needed money more than he needed Louisiana.

• Napoleon also was involved in a costly war with Britain.

• He decided he needed money more than he needed Louisiana.

Napoleon and New Orleans

• Napoleon also feared he might lose New Orleans to the aggressive Americans.

• It would be better to sell it than have it be over-run by American settlers.

• Napoleon also feared he might lose New Orleans to the aggressive Americans.

• It would be better to sell it than have it be over-run by American settlers.

Jefferson and Louisiana

• New Orleans as an outlet for shipping the products of Western farmers

• More land for farming, which was consistent with his vision for America’s future

• Access to the Pacific and trade with Asia

• New Orleans as an outlet for shipping the products of Western farmers

• More land for farming, which was consistent with his vision for America’s future

• Access to the Pacific and trade with Asia

The Louisiana Purchase• Jefferson’s dilemma: strict construction of the Constitution

or the greatest land deal of all time.

• On April 30, 1803, the Louisiana Purchase treaty was approved by the Senate, giving the United States the port of New Orleans and doubling the size of the country.

• Jefferson’s dilemma: strict construction of the Constitution or the greatest land deal of all time.

• On April 30, 1803, the Louisiana Purchase treaty was approved by the Senate, giving the United States the port of New Orleans and doubling the size of the country.

Lewis and Clark Explore• After purchasing the Louisiana

Territory from France, Jefferson planned an expedition to explore it.

• He chose Captain Meriwether Lewis to lead the expedition.

• Lewis chose his old friend Lieutenant William Clark to put together a volunteer force for the trip.

• Clark was skilled as a mapmaker and outdoorsman.

• The expedition called itself the Corps of Discovery.

Lewis and Clark Explore

• Lewis and Clark spent several weeks gathering a group of volunteers.

• They stayed in the town of St. Louis throughout the winter.

• In May 1804, the explorers left St. Louis and headed up the Missouri River.

Lewis and Clark Explore

• Clark was accompanied by York, his African-American slave.

• York’s hunting skills won him many admirers among the Native Americans met by the explorers.

• The first black man that many Indians had ever seen, York became something of a celebrity among them.

Up the Missouri River

• In May 1804, the explorers left St. Louis and In May 1804, the explorers left St. Louis and headed up the Missouri River. headed up the Missouri River.

• Their mission:Their mission:• use the Missouri and Columbia Rivers to find a use the Missouri and Columbia Rivers to find a

water route across the country; water route across the country; • establish good relations with Native Americans establish good relations with Native Americans

along the way;along the way;• and write scientific accounts of the landscapes, and write scientific accounts of the landscapes,

plants, and animals they sawplants, and animals they saw.

• In May 1804, the explorers left St. Louis and In May 1804, the explorers left St. Louis and headed up the Missouri River. headed up the Missouri River.

• Their mission:Their mission:• use the Missouri and Columbia Rivers to find a use the Missouri and Columbia Rivers to find a

water route across the country; water route across the country; • establish good relations with Native Americans establish good relations with Native Americans

along the way;along the way;• and write scientific accounts of the landscapes, and write scientific accounts of the landscapes,

plants, and animals they sawplants, and animals they saw.

Up the Missouri River

• By winter, the explorers By winter, the explorers had reached North had reached North Dakota, and stayed with Dakota, and stayed with the Mandan Indians.the Mandan Indians.

• In the spring of 1805, the In the spring of 1805, the expedition set out again expedition set out again accompanied by accompanied by Sacagawea, a Shoshone Sacagawea, a Shoshone Indian woman.Indian woman.

• Her language skills and Her language skills and knowledge of geography knowledge of geography helped Lewis and Clarkhelped Lewis and Clark.

• By winter, the explorers By winter, the explorers had reached North had reached North Dakota, and stayed with Dakota, and stayed with the Mandan Indians.the Mandan Indians.

• In the spring of 1805, the In the spring of 1805, the expedition set out again expedition set out again accompanied by accompanied by Sacagawea, a Shoshone Sacagawea, a Shoshone Indian woman.Indian woman.

• Her language skills and Her language skills and knowledge of geography knowledge of geography helped Lewis and Clarkhelped Lewis and Clark.

On to the Pacific Ocean• As the explorers traveled toward the Rocky Mountains,

Sacagawea pointed out Shoshone lands.

• When they finally made contact with the chief, he recognized Sacagawea as his sister.

• With the help of the Shoshone, the Corps of Discovery crossed the Rocky Mountains.

• As the explorers traveled toward the Rocky Mountains, Sacagawea pointed out Shoshone lands.

• When they finally made contact with the chief, he recognized Sacagawea as his sister.

• With the help of the Shoshone, the Corps of Discovery crossed the Rocky Mountains.

On to the Pacific Ocean• After leaving the Shoshone, the Corps of Discovery

then journeyed to the Columbia River, which led them to the Pacific Ocean in 1805.

• They spent a long, rain-soaked winter before starting back to St. Louis the next spring.

• After leaving the Shoshone, the Corps of Discovery then journeyed to the Columbia River, which led them to the Pacific Ocean in 1805.

• They spent a long, rain-soaked winter before starting back to St. Louis the next spring.

On to the Pacific OceanOn to the Pacific Ocean

• In 1806, the explorers In 1806, the explorers returned to the East. returned to the East.

• They brought back valuable scientific and geographic information.

• In 1806, the explorers In 1806, the explorers returned to the East. returned to the East.

• They brought back valuable scientific and geographic information.

Pike’s Expedition• In 1806, Zebulon Pike left St. Louis to explore

southern areas of Louisiana.• Pike’s mission was to find the headwaters of the

Arkansas and Red Rivers near Spanish territory.• Pike’s party followed the Arkansas River toward

the Rocky Mountains, then turned south.

• In 1806, Zebulon Pike left St. Louis to explore southern areas of Louisiana.

• Pike’s mission was to find the headwaters of the Arkansas and Red Rivers near Spanish territory.

• Pike’s party followed the Arkansas River toward the Rocky Mountains, then turned south.

Pike’s Expedition• Hoping to run into the Red River, they instead ran

into the Rio Grande, in Spanish territory. • Hoping to run into the Red River, they instead ran

into the Rio Grande, in Spanish territory.

• They were arrested by They were arrested by Spanish troops and held Spanish troops and held prisoner until 1807. prisoner until 1807.

• They returned with important They returned with important descriptions of the Great descriptions of the Great Plains and the valley of the Plains and the valley of the Rio Grande.Rio Grande.

• They were arrested by They were arrested by Spanish troops and held Spanish troops and held prisoner until 1807. prisoner until 1807.

• They returned with important They returned with important descriptions of the Great descriptions of the Great Plains and the valley of the Plains and the valley of the Rio Grande.Rio Grande.