Science 8 Name: ____________ The Discovery of Cells Cells The basic unit of living organisms The Cell Theory Robert Hooke in the ______ observed cork under a microscope and named the structures he saw ________ Many scientists then studied cells. Their work is summarized in the ____ ____________: o All organisms are made up of one or more cells o The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization of organisms o All cells come from preexisting cells Types of microscopes ________ light microscopes: use lenses to magnify objects up to 1500 times ____________ microscope: uses a beam of electrons to magnify objects up to 500,000 times Two basic cell types All cells have ___________: __________ structures in a cell with a specific function 1. ___________ cells: have no _________-bound organelles example: bacteria 2. ___________ cells: have_____________-bound organelles
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Chapter 1€¦ · Web view1 Chromosome (Inside the virus) Virus. Chromosome. Host cell. 2. Virus _____ its chromosome into the host cell. 1. Virus attaches to a host cell using
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Science 8 Name: ____________
The Discovery of Cells
Cells The basic unit of living organisms
The Cell Theory Robert Hooke in the ______ observed cork under a microscope and
named the structures he saw ________ Many scientists then studied cells. Their work is summarized in
the ____ ____________:o All organisms are made up of one or more cellso The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization of
organismso All cells come from preexisting cells
Types of microscopes ________ light microscopes: use lenses to magnify objects up to
1500 times ____________ microscope: uses a beam of electrons to magnify
objects up to 500,000 times
Two basic cell types All cells have ___________: __________ structures in a cell with a
specific function1. ___________ cells: have no _________-bound organelles
Types of Eukaryotic Cells Plant cellso Tend to be ___________or rectangularo Examples: Trees, flowers, vegetables
Animal cellso Tend to be ___________o Examples: Animals, insects, humans
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Organelles in eukaryotic cellsOrganelle
NameFunction Found in…
Plasma (Cell) membrane
Allows ________ to move in and out of cell
Plant & animal cells
Cytoplasm clear _______ inside a cell Plant & animal cells
Ribosome Makes ___________ Plant & animal cells
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Chemical ___________ Plant & animal cells
Golgi apparatus
Sorts and transports proteins Plant & animal cells
Mitochondrion Makes usable energy for the cell Plant & animal cells
Nucleus Cell ________ center that contains the DNA [chromosomes]
Plant & animal cells
Nucleolus Inside the nucleus; Makes ribosomes
Plant & animal cells
Vacuole Stores _______, water, and waste Plant & animal cells
Cytoskeleton network of rods that _______ the cell’s shape
Plant & animal cells
Cell wall _________ and __________ the cell Plant cells only
Chloroplast Contains green chlorophyll pigment which captures sunlight to produce food
Plant cells only
Lysosome ___________ food particles, old organelles, bacteria, and viruses
Animal cells only
Centrioles Help in cell division Animal cells only
Cilia Short ________ on the outside of the cell for movement
Animal cells only
Flagella Long _______ on the outside of a cell for movement
Animal cells only
Prokaryotic cells Bacterial cells Much _________ and ____________ than eukaryotic cells Organelles include only
o a plasma membrane
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o cell wallo capsule: extra protective layer outside the cell wallo ribosomeso single loop of DNA free in the cytoplasmo sometimes has pili: small hairs on the outside of the cell
used for movemento sometimes has ____________
The Plasma Membrane _____________what enters and leaves the cell maintains homeostasis (balancen in the cell)o Allows water, oxygen, and glucose to enter when there’s not
enougho Allows water, carbon dioxide, and waste to leave when there’s
too much selective ____________: the membrane allows some molecules, but
not all, to pass through
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DNA
Made up of a molecule called a phospholipid o lipid with a phosphate group
Plasma _______________ is a phospholipid bilayero 2 layers of phospholipids back-to-backo Polar heads face the water inside and outside the cello Nonpolar tails hide from water inside the membrane
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Charged and likes to be near water
Uncharged and does not like to be near water
Viruses
Virus
____ __________ organism with a _______ structure that ______ reproduce on its own
Some people think its __________, others think its _______ because it cannot reproduce on its own
It must _________ another cell to __________
Structure
Very simple and ______ – much smaller than a ________, animal, or plant cell
Different __________ can have ___________ shapes but always have the same parts
How viruses reproduce
Viruses don’t have all the ________ needed to ________ on their own
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_______: Help the virus to attach to
host cells
Capsid:_______ coat to protect
the chromosome 1 Chromosome
(Inside the virus)
Animal Virus – the type of virus that makes people sicak
So they have to _______ other cells and use the ______ in the other cells to __________
Host cell: An ________, plant, or bacterial cell that is _______ by a virus
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2. Virus _______ its chromosome into the host cell
3. The virus chromosome uses tools in the host cell to make more _________
4. New viruses bust out of the host cell, _______ the host cell
Chromosome
Host cell
Virus
1. Virus attaches to a host cell using its _________