Chapter 1: The New World to 1607

Chapter 1: The New World to 1607

Key Points about Pre-Columbian Native Americans

Pre-Columbian Native Americans Domesticated crops Created a mathematically

based calendar Constructed irrigation

systems Built cities inhabited by

100,000 or more people Practiced a division of

labor based upon gender

Key Points about Pre-Columbian Native Americans What did Pre-Columbian Native

Americans lack? Did NOT develop wheeled vehicles Did NOT have a tradition of private

property rights

Key Points about Pre-Columbian Native Americans Native Americans in North America

Eastern Woodland tribes ▪ lived in village communities▪ had agricultural economies

based upon the domestication of corn

Key Points about Pre-Columbian Native Americans

Native Americans in North America The Iroquois Confederacy ▪ Decentralized political and

diplomatic group▪ Emerged in response to

European colonization▪ Most important and

powerful North American political alliance▪ Ended generations of tribal

warfare

Key Points about Pre-Columbian Native Americans

Native Americans in North America Anasazi ▪ Sedentary group

(living in one area, not migratory)▪ Agricultural▪ Built elaborate

pueblos

Key Points about Pre-Columbian Native Americans Native Americans in North America

Tribes in the Pacific Northwest relied on hunting and fishing for food.

Chinook SalmonNamed for the Chinook tribe that hunted it. Generally weighs between 30 and 40 pounds and can measure up to five feet long at maturity.

The Spanish Conquest

Christopher Columbus Set pattern for future

Spanish explorers and conquistadores

Very ethnocentric Saw no reason to respect or

learn about the cultures Instead, wanted to

Christianize them, exploit their labor, and teach them to speak Spanish

Spanish Conquest Hernán Cortés Francisco Pizarro European diseases

made conquest easier Smallpox Influenza Measles

Following the collapse of the Aztec Empire, the Spanish renamed the region New Spain

Key Facts about New Spain Spanish discovered

and mined rich deposits of gold and silver Between 1500 and

1650, 16,000 tons of silver were mined

Key Facts about New Spain

Columbian Exchange Plants and animals

between Europe and the New World

Examples▪ Spanish first introduced

horses and gunpowder to the New World

▪ New World crops (corn, potatoes, and tomatoes) enriched the European diet and lengthened average lifespans

Key Facts about New Spain

Key Facts about New Spain Encomienda System

Spanish rulers reward local officials by granting them villages and control over native labor

This practice cruelly exploited Indian laborers

Key Facts about New Spain Catholic Church

Sent missionaries to convert the native populations

Church and government approved of intermarriage (colonists and native peoples)

Because of intermarriage, the people of New Spain were more tolerant of racial differences than the English

Mission Delores1776

Mission San Francisco Solano de Sonoma

1823

The Spanish Southwest Spanish established permanent

settlements in what is now New Mexico

By 1630, 3,000 Spaniards lived in New Mexico

Spanish exploited Indians in New Mexico Pueblo Revolt▪ 1680▪ Led by a charismatic Indian leader

named Popé▪ Pueblos briefly drove the Spaniards out

of New Mexico▪ Spaniards finally reestablished their

control over the area in the early 1700s