Chapter 1 The Beginnings of Human Society. Geography and History I. Understanding History I. Understanding History A. We want to know how our ancestors.

Chapter 1Chapter 1

The Beginnings The Beginnings of Human of Human SocietySociety

Geography and HistoryGeography and History

I. Understanding HistoryI. Understanding History•A. We want to know A. We want to know how our ancestors lived.how our ancestors lived.

•B. Systems of writing B. Systems of writing developed 5,000 years developed 5,000 years ago.ago.


•C. History – the C. History – the recorded events recorded events of people.of people.


•D. Prehistory – before D. Prehistory – before history: the events history: the events that occurred in the that occurred in the time period before time period before writing was inventedwriting was invented


•E. Archaeologist – E. Archaeologist – Scientist who Scientist who examines objects to examines objects to learn about past learn about past peoples and cultures.peoples and cultures.


•F. Historians can F. Historians can rely on writings to rely on writings to understand a society understand a society or culture but do not or culture but do not need objectsneed objects


•G. Oral Traditions – G. Oral Traditions – stories passed down by stories passed down by word of mouthword of mouth1. Can tell family 1. Can tell family history, or stories about history, or stories about heroes or past eventsheroes or past events


2. Not all oral stories 2. Not all oral stories are historically are historically accurate.accurate.•a Mix facts with a Mix facts with beliefs and beliefs and exaggerations.exaggerations.


II. Connecting II. Connecting Geography and Geography and HistoryHistory


•A. Understanding A. Understanding Geography can explain Geography can explain why historic events why historic events took placetook place1. Egypt on Nile River1. Egypt on Nile River

PrehistoryPrehistory

I. The Stone AgeI. The Stone Age•A. First use of A. First use of stone for stone for tools/weaponstools/weapons


•B. Simple to B. Simple to complex complex tools/weaponstools/weapons


•C. Continued for C. Continued for hundreds of hundreds of thousands of years thousands of years – until use of – until use of metalmetal


•D. Divided into D. Divided into two periods – Old two periods – Old Stone Age and Stone Age and New Stone AgeNew Stone Age


II. Old Stone ageII. Old Stone age•A. Did not know A. Did not know how to farmhow to farm


•B. Hunters and B. Hunters and gatherersgatherers

•C. Learned to hunt C. Learned to hunt in small groupsin small groups


•D. Discovery of D. Discovery of fire – movement to fire – movement to colder climatescolder climates


•E. People lived as E. People lived as nomadsnomads1. No one home1. No one home


2. Moved in 2. Moved in search of foodsearch of food

3. Spread out 3. Spread out over much of the over much of the EarthEarth


III. New Stone AgeIII. New Stone Age•A. Marked by the A. Marked by the development of development of farmingfarming


•B. 11,000 years B. 11,000 years ago in Southwest ago in Southwest AsiaAsia

•C. Importance of C. Importance of womenwomen


•D. Selection of D. Selection of best locations/best best locations/best seeds and rootsseeds and roots

•E. Domestication E. Domestication of animalsof animals


IV. Important termsIV. Important terms•A. Nomad – person A. Nomad – person with no single, with no single, settled homesettled home


•B. Fertile – land or B. Fertile – land or soil that contains soil that contains substances that substances that plants need in plants need in order to grow wellorder to grow well


•C. Domesticate – C. Domesticate – tame animals and tame animals and raise them to be raise them to be used by humansused by humans

Beginnings of CivilizationBeginnings of Civilization

I. Important termsI. Important terms•A. Irrigation – A. Irrigation – supplying land with supplying land with water through a water through a network of canalsnetwork of canals


•B. Surplus – more B. Surplus – more of a thing or of a thing or product than is product than is neededneeded


•C. Artisan – a worker C. Artisan – a worker who is especially skilled who is especially skilled in making something, in making something, such as baskets, such as baskets, leather goods, jewelry, leather goods, jewelry, pottery, or clothespottery, or clothes


•D. Social class – a D. Social class – a group or class that is group or class that is made up of people made up of people with similar with similar backgrounds, wealth, backgrounds, wealth, and ways of livingand ways of living


•E. Civilization – a society E. Civilization – a society with cities, a central with cities, a central government run by official government run by official leaders, and workers who leaders, and workers who specialize in certain jobs, specialize in certain jobs, leading to social classesleading to social classes


II. Advantages of II. Advantages of settled lifesettled life•A. Farming led to A. Farming led to steady supply of steady supply of foodfood


•B. People could B. People could stay in one placestay in one place

Beginnings of Civilization Beginnings of Civilization

•C. Population C. Population growthgrowth

•D. Development D. Development of artisansof artisans

Beginnings of Civilization Beginnings of Civilization

III. Growth of citiesIII. Growth of cities•A. Needed A. Needed location with rich location with rich soil for large soil for large surpluses of foodsurpluses of food


•B. Needed B. Needed dependable source dependable source of drinking waterof drinking water


•C. Needed C. Needed materials to build materials to build sheltersshelters

•D. Importance of D. Importance of riversrivers


IV. Development of IV. Development of citiescities•A. Larger than A. Larger than villagesvillages


•B. Buildings to B. Buildings to store grainstore grain

•C. Buildings to C. Buildings to worship godsworship gods


•D. Buildings to buy and D. Buildings to buy and sell goodssell goods

•E. Wide variety of E. Wide variety of occupationsoccupations

•F. Development of F. Development of governmentgovernment


V. First CivilizationsV. First Civilizations•A. Bronze Age – 3000 A. Bronze Age – 3000 B.C. – development of B.C. – development of bronze – harder bronze – harder substancesubstance


•B. Trading by B. Trading by land and water – land and water – wheel and axlewheel and axle


•C. Spread of tools, C. Spread of tools, goods, and ideasgoods, and ideas

•D. Development D. Development of social classes - of social classes - chartchart

Chapter 1 The Beginnings of Human Society. Geography and History I. Understanding History I. Understanding History A. We want to know how our ancestors.

Documents

use of stone

old stone agea

new stone agea

new stone ageprehistoryii

recorded events of people

periods old stone age

oral stories

historic events