Chapter 1 Subject Astronomy Basics - Socorro …€¦ · · 2012-08-22Chapter 1 Subject: Astronomy Basics 1. ... Thought the earth was the center of the universe. 5. ... Beyond

Introduction to Astronomy

Teacher Initials: _____________ Date: _________

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Chapter 1

Subject: Astronomy Basics

1. SETI stands for____________________________________________.

2. A new field of space science looking for life is called

_________________________.

3. A planet outside our solar system is called an ____________________.

4. People studying the stars as a religion are called_____________________.

5. Astronomy/astrology became important in developing ___________________.

6. ___________________ first figured out how far was the Moon from the Earth.

7. When the Sun is at the center it is a___________ _____________________.

8. _____________ thought the universe orbited Earth.

9. _____________ used __________ to figure our heliocentricity.

10. His friend added the word ___________, to Copernicus’ book title.

Grade:

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Why would it be important to some in religion to have the Earth as the center of the

Solar System and Universe? Does it make a difference to you?



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Across

1. National Aeronautic Space Administration.

4. Thought the earth was the center of the universe.

5. Search For Extra Terrestrial Intelligence

8. Pointed his telescope to the stars.

9. Father of physics.

11. Discovered that there were many galaxies.

12. Greek who figured out how far it is to the Moon.

Down

2. Users of the stars for fortune telling.

3. Declared that we live in a heliocentric

solar system.

6. Planets outside our solar system.

7. Chinese astronauts.

10. credited with the idea of space/time.



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Chapter 2

Subject: Time

1. Another word for spinning is________________.

2. The Earth annually __________the Sun once, which is called a year.

3. When measuring around the latitude at the middle of the Earth it is

approximately ______________ miles.

4. The planet spins at a thousand miles an hour which gives us a _____hour

day.

5. The imaginary line around the middle of the planet is called the

_____________.

6. The northern, southern, or eastern, and western halves of spheres are

called ____________________.

7. When the amount of daylight and night are balanced it is called the

____________________________.

8. The tracking the phases caused by the orbit of the __________ gives us

the months.

9. Einstein created the______________________________.

10. Every four years we add an extra day to the month of

_______________. That year is called ____________________.

10. Math proves that time can only move forward but

__________________ prove it can also move _____________________.

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Grade:



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New Word Search

Find the hidden words within the grid of letters.

clocks Mayans moonday rotate

Equator months orbit vernal equinox hours moon relativity years



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Chapter 3 Solar System Overview

Subject: The Inner Solar Regions

1. The mass of the solar systems mainly lay on the plane of the _____________.

2. The Sun makes up _____________ of the mass of the Solar System.

3. The Sun is traveling at nearly __________________miles an hour around the

galaxy.

4. The atmosphere of the Solar System is called the ____________________.

5. The inner planets are also called the ____________________planets.

6. The Asteroid Belt separates the terrestrial planets from the

________________________________.

7. Beyond the planets is a region called the _____________ Belt.

8. The Sun’s influence reaches as far out as _________________ AU.

9. 1 ______is equal to the__________________________ miles between the Sun

and the Earth.

10. The area dominated by the Sun and planets is called the

______________________medium.

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Grade:



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New Fallen Phrase

Find the hidden phrase by using the letters directly below each of the blank squares.

Each letter is used once.

Below, draw your artistic version of the inner region of the solar system.

Label objects and zones.



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Chapter: 3 Solar System Overview

Subject: The Outer Region

1. The outer most region of the solar system is called the ___________Cloud.

2. This area contains comets and __________________.

3. The outer borders may extend as far as_______________ year.

4. A light year is the amount of time it takes light to travel one year at a speed of

__________________miles per second.

5. The outer edge of the Solar System is called the ________________________.

6. Where the edge of the Solar System meets interstellar space, there is a bow

shock that can extend out as far as________________.

7. We have spacecraft called ________________and _____ out near, or in the

heliopause.

8. They are travelling at a speed of ____________a year.

9. Beyond the heliopause is a region called the ________________ space.

10. There are accumulations of __________ and _________ found in that area

and they are called ____________________ clouds.

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Grade:

What are some comparisons you can between a Solar System and a body? Give a minimum of three

examples.



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New Double Puzzle

Unscramble each word. Then use the marked letters to solve the second puzzle.



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Chapter: 4 - 1 The Sun

1. Most of the Sun’s energy it sends out is in the form of _________________and

_______________rays.

2. These ________________have already travelled as far as 5 billion light years.

3. At the equator it takes the Sun ______days to complete ____spin.

4. The amount of ____________ the Earth receives from the Sun is equal to

________watts per square foot.

5. It takes about ______ minutes for sunlight to reach the Earth.

6. The diameter of the sun is ___________ miles.

7. The Sun’s surface gravity is _____ times of the Earth.

8. More than _____ elements are found in the sun.

9. The two main elements found in the Sun are ______________ and

________________.

Grade:

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________



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New Word Search


P E Y W M T E H E J W T S U N

H R H T R A E L O K H H I E Y

O E K U P T D E E T R G V C E

T H P Q K M H B W M Z I D T E

O P D R V Q D Q S G E L P Q I

N S C P E J G U F V F N D M K

S O P Z A W O D I A M E T E R

W M H Z I R O L E R O Z N S G

Q T Z M E Q Y P A U G E G X T

X A U G Y B B L J D R Q Y D W

V P N V H H O B Y G O D E Y S

H A F W K S D Z Y W N L H N B

D M J X L K U B U Z N Z W G F

M X Z W K U T O G M X Q Z X C

W W R U G X K H Q F G R Y Y K

atmosphere dangerous

diameter

Earth elements

energy

hot light

photons

power solar

Sun



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Chapter: 4 - 2 The Sun

1. The Sun orbits the center of the galaxy every __________ million years.

2. Our Sun is known as a “____________________ one star”.

3. The “population one stars” contains the ___________ amounts of helium and

________________ elements.

4. A gas that is sensitive to _____________________ is called plasma.

5. The ___________________ is the highest layer of the Sun’s atmosphere.

6. Below it is the________________ region.

7. The Chromosphere is about _____________ miles deep.

8. The photosphere can only be seen when there is a ______________ eclipse.

9. The photosphere is the __________________ level of the atmosphere.

10. The bright areas are called ________________ and super _______________

can be as wide as ____________ miles.

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Grade:

What if our Sun dimmed and cooled tomorrow or it got much hotter? What do

you think the effects on Earth would be? Give at least two examples.



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Complete the puzzle using the clues shown below.

Across 4. 200 earth atmospheres

1. the highest layer of the atmosphere. 5. can be 19,000 miles wide. 3. gas sensitive to magnetism 7. population one star 6. 300 miles thick

Down 1. can only be seen during an eclipse 2. bright areas



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Chapter 4 - 3 The Sun

1. The photosphere is in the __________________of the Sun.

2. Pressures can reach as high as __________ billion earth atmospheres.

3. Nuclear reactions change ___________________ to helium.

4. The _________________ zone makes up nearly 48% of the Sun’s

_____________.

5. It can take up to a __________________years for a photon to pass through the

radiation zone.

6. Spiricules are jets of __________that can be as long as ______________ miles

and 600 miles wide.

7. According to many scientists, The Sun is a little more than _________way

through its l____________ cycle.

8. Sunspots are ____________________ areas on the Sun’ surface.

9. The first sunspots were recorded in _________ around ________BC.

10. ___________________was the first westerner to observe the sunspots.

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Grade:



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List six ways the Sun affects your life in a positive way. The list

four dangers from the Sun. Be prepared to share your ideas.

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

1)

2)

3)

4)



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Chapter 4 – 4 The Sun

1. Sunspots can be as big as ___________ earths combined.

2. There is a pattern of sunspot activity known as the sunspot ______________.

3. The Sun has a __________________ field.

4. Sunspots act like super ________________.

5. About every ______ years the poles on the Sun _________________.

6. Solar flares can reach out as far as _____________________ miles.

7. Prominences are arched _______________ that happen out at the limbs of the

Sun.

8. The solar ___________ take ___days to reach the earth.

9. Someday, the Sun will burn mainly helium and become a red ______________.

10. Before burning out it will become a _________________________.

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Grade:

If the magnetic poles switched tonight, what do you think would happen to the

world and its economy tomorrow? Give at least three examples.



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Draw a four panel cartoon showing four of the Sun’s affects on the Solar System. Try to use terms you learned in the chapter.



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Chapter 5 - 1 Planet Introduction

and the Terrestrial Planets

Subject: Mercury

1. Mercury is within the ______________ atmosphere.

2. The surface can reach temperatures as high as _______ degrees and as low as -

______________ degrees, Fahrenheit.

3. Like the Moon, it has a ______________________ rotation.

4. It has _________ sheets located at the poles of the planet.

5. Mercury is the fastest orbiting _______________ moving at______ miles per

second around the Sun.

6. Mercury has an ______________ orbit around the ______________.

7. It is covered in a thin layer of ___________________.

8. The _____________ rays are ____ times more powerful on Mercury than what

reaches us on Earth.

9. It is not very reflective. Only ______of the light shone on the planet reflects

from it.

10. It has gravity that is only ________ of ours.

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Grade:



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New Word Merge Puzzle

Words in each line are merged together. Find the original words. Hint: The letters that

make up each word are still in their original order.

Why wouldn’t we want to send astronauts to Mercury? Give at least two reasons.



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Chapter 5 -2 Planet Introduction


Subject: Venus

1. Venus is shrouded in a thick ___________ cover.

2. Venus is the ______________brightest object in our sky.

3. Venus revolves completely every ________earth days, meaning it turns

very____________.

4. Venus is a twin in the size of ______________.

5. Its daytime temperatures hover around __________ degrees.

6. The atmospheric pressure is ______ times that of earth.

7. Its rain consists of _________________ acid.

8. Venus is _____________ to the Sun than the Earth. It is

___________________miles closer.

9. Venus is actually within the Sun’s ________________atmosphere.

10. Carbon__________________ is the dominant _________ of the atmosphere.

11. Granite is one of the types of _____________ found on the planet.

Grade:

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

What comparisons can you draw between Venus and Earth. Give at least four.



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New Double Puzzle


What would happen if you could go for a walk on Venus? Give at least three

examples.



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Subject: Earth

1. Our crust has a scientific name which is the __________________________.

2. Volcanic rock is found in many areas of the earth. We call this type of rock

__________________________.

3. ______________________________ rock is made by pressure.

4. A rock with orderly – ________________________ structure is called a mineral.

5. Some minerals are made from excretions of _________________ organisms.

One of them is called to _____________________ carbonate.

6. Most minerals are composed of more than one element, but ___________ and

___________________only contain one element.

7. Rocks take the shape of ______________ animals and can even contain

_________________and oil.

8. The area below the crust is called the ____________________ or the

athenosphere.

9. The core is made of _____________________ iron.

10. The surface is very hot, about _____________________ degrees.

Grade:

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Why are the understanding of the natures and uses of ores and minerals

important to our world? Give at least one example to support your claim.



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New Criss Cross


Across 3. also called the crust 2. type of rocks from volcanism 4. rocks formed by pressure

5. the center 6. is molten rock 7. has a crystalline structure 8. is also called the mantle

Down



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1. can be from organisms

Chapter 5- 4 Planet Introduction

and the Terrestrial Planet

Subject: Water and Tidal Forces

1. Nearly _______________quarters of the Earth’s crust is covered in water.

2. _______________ are a movement of air _____________________ and

transfers energy.

3. Water can cause wearing away or __________________.

4. The sea’s mineral content is called its __________________.

5. The ____________________ force is created by solar heating, salinity, and

gravity.

6. When ________________ blows the surface off an area, lower waters arise, it’s

called _________________________.

7. The climatic warming of areas such as ________________and Ireland are

caused by the _____________Stream.

8. Deep and long currents in the oceans are called

________________________circulation.

9. The ______________and the ______________ gravity pulls on our oceans, we

call these tidal forces.

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Grade:



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Write: Eight examples of ways water supports life. Share one idea with the class.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.



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Subjects: Earth, Fire, The Land

1. The Earth’s crust moves about, this process is called

plate____________________.

2. ____________________, are where the old land sinks back into the

___________________under the oceans and areas of volcanic activity are where

new land arises.

3. There are cracks in the earth, called __________________, where magma

comes up and is called ______________when it reaches the surface.

4. Volcanic openings called _____________________ are found shaped like holes.

5. Lava is _________________ rock that turns from a water fluid to a thickening

liquid. The _____________________ is a description of how fluid the lava is.

6. There are large fissures in the crust called _______________, where portions of

crust bump and grind. When the opposing land masses lock, energy builds. When

the locking structure breaks, shifts happen and the shaking is called an

_____________________________.

Grade:

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

What if a major earthquake happened in your area? Give four examples of

disruption it could cause.



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How can earthquakes effect life here on Earth? Include: city and

road planning, emergency and communications planning and an experience you

or someone you know has had being in an earthquake. Minimum 50 words.



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Subject: Earth, The Weather,

The Atmosphere

1. There can be large and violent storms that are born over warm tropical water.

When the winds are high but below ______miles a hour, they are called

___________________depressions. Above _____ miles an hour, they are called

_______________________.

2. Another powerful storm can occur when warm wet air meets a front of cool dry

air. Clouds begin to circulate and can form __________________clouds. If they

touch land become _________________________.

3. Both of these types of storms are characterized by: high winds, ________ walls,

eyes in the center, and _________________ on the outer edges of the eye.

4. Cold storms in the winter that have powerful winds are called

____________________.

5. Earth’s atmospheric events, such as _________________, can have affects on

the land, from erosion to flooding.

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Grade:

How does weather affect the following: Your emotional state and your lifestyle

during the four seasons?



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CONCEPT: The Power of Heat. Earth has hurricanes. It

is the only planet that we know that is capable of having a large, powerful storm

based on warm waters. Heat can be translated into power that can be used by

humankind. List and draw symbols of four items that are powered by heat. Then

answer as to how heat that is increased or decreased can have an effect on the

functions of those objects.



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Subject: Earth, the Atmosphere,

The Air and Space

Around the Earth.

1. We inspire (inhale) and use the oxygen part of the air. Much of the oxygen was

expired by______________. They breathe in _________________ dioxide that is

__________________or expired by animals.

2. Almost all organisms live in the area called the atmospheric area called the

_____________________________.

3. Above this layer of air is the ________________________ which starts at

25,000 feet.

4. A layer called the _______________ layer has particles that protect us from the

deadly ________________ from the Sun.

5. Above it is the ionosphere which provides additional protection from the Sun’s

___________ and allows ___________ signals to bounce off and return to earth.

6. The iron ______________spins and produces a ____________ field around the

earth. The process is called the _________________ effect.

7. According to many scientists, _______times in the last ______ million years our

planet has reversed its polarization. Within the next _____________ years the

compasses will start pointing south instead of north.

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Grade:



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New Double Puzzle




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Subject: Mars

1. Mars is a rocky planet that has other things in common with Earth, including

that both have______________, although Earth’s _____________ is mostly in the

liquid form.

2. Like Earth, Mars experienced Volcanism and has the volcanic

________________ to prove it.

3. Most of Mars’ atmosphere and water is gone due to its loss of a

______________ field and loss of gravity and probably a big

__________________.

4. There used to be _____________________ water lying on the surface.

5. The highest mountain in the Solar System is on Mars. It is called

____________________ Mons and is and extinct _________________.

6. The study of the land surface of Mars is called ____________________.

7. The land and _________ of Mars has a red tinge to it, from all the _________

oxide lying about and in the air.

8. Rocks from Mars have been found on ____________. One of them may

contain _________________ of microbes.

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Grade:



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New Cryptogram

Decode the message by finding each substitute letter or symbol. Help: K = A , Volcanic Activity.

Concept: What if?

So, here it is; a “real” Martian life form. It was found 14 inches below the

surface in a patch of warmer ground. Now what? As director of the program,

what would you do with it? Would there be any safe guards put in place for the

life form or ourselves? 50 words minimum.



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Subject: Mars

1. Mars has about ________of Earth’s gravity.

2. Not only did the planet used to have floods, streams and seas, the __________

also probably produced rain there.

3. Now liquid water cannot survive on Mars due to its lack of _________ and

_________pressure.

4. In 2003 a certain unexpected gas was detected in certain areas of Mars. It

was_________________.

5. There are concentrations of the gas during the ______________ season and in

areas where there is thought to be _____________________ water.

6. There could be ___________________ life on Mars.

7. The ____________________ and soils could protect this life.

8. Mars size is small compared to the _________________.

9. Its surface area equals our ___________________ continents.

10. Mars is _______________ as big as our Moon and has _______________ the

gravity.

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Grade:

What if we stop exploring Mars? How would that affect you? Why?



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Cold dry and dusty, Mars has a thin atmosphere and little protection from the Sun’s harmful rays. So why go there? Act as if you were in charge of the budget for space exploration and make an argument as to why or why not we should send humans to explore Mars. Include dangers and advantages. Weigh both and argue either yes or no for exploration. Be sure to include some facts you have learned so far from this chapter. You might be sharing your views with the class. Minimum 50 words.



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Subject: Mars

1. The crust is up to_____ miles deep.

2. Mars does not have _____________tectonics because the planet has cooled

and dried, probably because it is much smaller than _______________.

3. The closest Mars is to Earth is ______ million miles. When it is farthest it is

_______ million miles away.

4. There is ice found on the___________ and _____________ polar caps.

5. The atmosphere of Mars contains ________carbon dioxide.

6.____________ are found on Mars. They are wispy at high altitudes.

7. Thanks to the rovers Spirit and__________________, many new discoveries

have been made.

8. High amounts of _________ and eroded rocks are additional pieces of evidence

that _____________ used to be abundant on the surface of _______________.

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Grade:

Why would you think there is such strong interest in sending humans to

Mars? What purpose could it serve beyond looking for life?



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Review the chapter. Title one column with the word: Mars and the other

Earth. List the commonalities and differences between Earth and Mars.



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Chapter 6 - 1 Gas and Extrasolar Planets

Subject: Jupiter

1. You could put ______________ earths inside Jupiter.

2. Jupiter is ________________ the size of the Sun.

3. The planet’s atmosphere consists of 86% _______________ and 14% is

______________.

4. Jupiter has layers of clouds that float over the tops of other gas

_______________.

5. Although the outer atmosphere’s temperature is _______ degrees. The inner

core can reach a temperature of ____________________ degrees, Fahrenheit.

6. Jupiter’s bow shock extends out ______________________ miles.

7. Jupiter is one of _______ ringed planets.

8. The ________________ is storm that has been around at least hundreds of

years.

9. One Jovian day is equal to ___ hours and _____ minutes.

10. Astronomers watched pieces of a_____________ hit the planet and one piece

of the _____________left a bruise the size of _______________.

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Grade:



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New Criss Cross


Across

3. Another name for Jovian planet 7. More than any other object in the Solar System, except the Sun 9. Resembles liquid metal, near the core

10. The size of 20 to 30 earths. 11. Planet from the Sun Down

1. They are found around Jupiter and the other gas planets 2. Famous storm on Jupiter 4. Extends over 4,600,000 miles out

5. Color of the rings 6. Flew by it. 8. Volcano moon around Jupiter

In what way can this planet protect Earth? With what power can it do that? Minimum 30 words.



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Subject: Saturn

1. Saturn is mainly composed of__________________, helium, methane

and___________________.

2. It has a total of 3,000 ringlets and is ______________miles wide, yet only about

__________ feet thick.

3. It is _________ times bigger than earth, yet it only takes _____ hours and 14

minutes to complete _______ rotation.

4. The distance from the Sun to _______________ is about the same as Jupiter to

Saturn.

5. Saturn emits more ___________ than it receives.

6. The rings are made up of objects that include ice particles up to ice chunks that

are the size of _________________________.

7. There is a ___________ between the rings, which is known as the

_____________Division.

8. Wind speeds range up to ______________ miles an hour around the equator.

But ______________ speeds are nearly _______________in the higher latitudes.

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Grade:



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New Criss Cross


Across 2. Saturn has many of these

6. 30,000 miles 9. the ice contains dirt ___________ 11. up to a 1,100 miles an hour

12. 3,000 of them Down 1. 10 Earth hours 14 minutes

3. the space between rings 4. only 500 feet 5. throws off Saturn's orbit

7. Saturn only receives 1% of its light compared to Earth. 8. The greater the distance the ______ moons 10. caught by Saturn’s gravity



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Subject: Uranus and Neptune

1. Uranus is invisible to us with the ____________________eye.

2. Uranus is spinning in its side, as if it is _____________________.

3. Uranus has a total of _______________ rings.

4. Uranus is about _______ billion miles from the Sun and takes _____ years to

complete ________ orbit.

5. So far, _____moons have been found orbiting Uranus.

6. Neptune is ______ times farther away from the Sun than we are.

7. 1 Neptunian year equals ________ earth years.

8. ______________ percent of the light shone on Neptune is _______________.

9. The magnetic __________ are tilted___________ degrees from the rotational

axis.

10 Neptune is a __________ planet.

11. There are ________ rings around the Neptune.

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Grade:



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New Double Puzzle




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Chapter 6 - 4 Gas and Exoplanets

Subject: The Dwarf Planets - Pluto

1. Five objects meet the description of planetoid or dwarf planet.

2. A plutoid has the same definition as a _____________planet but is found

beyond _______________, or is Trans – Neptunian.

3. Pluto was found in the year ________ and was defined as a planet until ______.

4. Pluto orbits the sun at a______ degree inclined plane to the ecliptic.

5. Pluto has a moon called_________, which is orbiting only ____________ miles

from Pluto.

6. Some believe that Pluto was once a __________ of Neptune and that its moon

is made up of the ____________ from the collision.

7. Pluto is located in the _________________Belt.

8. A spacecraft named New ______________, was launched in _______, taking a

seven year voyage to explore _______________.

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Grade:

Why could it matter whether Pluto is a planet or plutoid? Elaborate with at

least 25 words.



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Write a poem about Lonely objects such as Pluto. Include some facts you

have just learned in this section. Two stanzas minimum. You may be the lucky one

to share it with the class! You don’t have to rhyme.

Label the diagram.



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Subject: Dwarf Planets - Planetoids

1. ____________is the largest Solar System object discovered since Neptune was

found.

2. It is _____ UA from the Sun and takes ________ years to orbit the Sun.

3. Eris has an atmosphere of _____________when it is closest to the Sun.

4. Makemake is about ____ the size of Pluto and is partly ______ in color.

5. Haumea has an ________ shape probably resultant from a _____________.

6. Hamea has _________ moons. __________ of them is 190 miles in diameter.

7. Sedna has an _________________ orbit and is found in the ___________

Cloud.

8. Ceres is located in the _________________ Belt and is also classified as an

_____________________.

9. Ceres has a diameter of ______miles and probably only has _____ identifiable

features on the surface.

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Grade:

Which would you rather visit planets or dwarf planets? Why? Minimum 25

words.



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Write five facts about each Planetoid. Stay on the blocks!

Pluto Ceres

Sedna

Write down five commonalities between the three dwarf planets.



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Subject: Exoplanets

1. Over half the stars in our galaxy belong to a 2 - star, or___________, systems.

2. ______________________ are usually detected through indirect means.

3. The common usage of _____________ velocity, that detects stars wobbling, is

the way most exoplanets are found.

4. Most exoplanets that have been are around the size of ______________.

5. The first planet spotted but not confirmed for ______years, was circling the

star called _______________ Cephie.

6. The most successful way to find a exoplanet is by using the ___________ effect.

The passing planet causes a change in the speed of the parent star and that

change is detected by an observed shift in ______________ colors.

7. As of January 2010, there ____________ known planets outside our solar

system.

8. Astronomers are looking for a “__________ earth planet” that is also a

“goldilocks ____________”, that could be able to harbor _________.

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Grade:

What if all that can be done is to spot planets? What if we cannot discover

more about them? Is that a waste of time, or not? Why?



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Fill in a telescope view of a planet which would be ideal to find life. Label

the aspects. Also label the type of star that would be the best for your planet. Be

sure to name it!



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Chapter 7 - 1: Moons

Subject: Moons, General

Information, Earth’s Moon

1. The moon count in our Solar System was _______ as of 2010.

2. When a moon is _______________ it orbits the planet in the same direction as

the planet orbits the ________.

3. Irregular moons have ____________________ orbits.

4. Saturn has 61 moons and________ moonlets.

5. The Moon is about _____________ miles in diameter and averages

____________ miles from Earth.

6. The Moon is travelling at a rate of ______ miles per second.

7. The Moon has virtually _____ atmosphere, but is does have_________ ice.

8. The Moon only reflects _______ of the light shone on it.

9. The layer called ___________regolith covers the Moon, it consists of silicon

_____________, magnesium, calcium, _______ and dust.

10. The Moon is the second least _________ moon in the Solar

_______________.

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Grade:

Do you wish we had more moons, no moons, or a different moon? What would

you want and why?



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New Word Search


E L L I P T I C A L P H R N H G V Y X G Y L P G A M Q J O I S P S C R E R A X P N E L I G

W I C E Z O W K O F D U O T H K J Q B G X E H V A N S U A L W H W R W I W R R A Z Z Q N A

I I A B C C R G R V Q L Y I N Q D E Z I N O R H C N Y S L D E N F D D R E M E Q E G Y C S

G O P Q T G F S Q G H F U N E Y O J E O V O M N F U E L I N G M R L R A L U G E R L X I C

E O I Q U L Y F G A D Z A X V A T W S A S E V M V H Y S R Z H N J G H C L A I K R B F A C

dense ice lunar regolith prograde synchronized elliptical Inclination mare regular highlands irregular moon retrograde

What would it be like without the Moon? If you could change the Moon, what would

you do? 30 words minimum.



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Subjects: The Moon

1. Small craters are called ____________________.

2. The largest craters are also called _____________ plains.

3. Micometeorites can hit the Moon at speeds up to _____________ miles an

hour.

4. ______________ caused by micrometeorite hits on the Moon is

_______________ times less effective than what air and water does on

______________.

5. The very thin moon __________________is most likely the results of decay and

out ______________.

6. The ____________ eclipse is the result of the of the Earth passing between the

_____________ and Sun.

7. The Moon’s gravitational pull on __________ causes ocean ____________.

8. The Giant ______________Hypothesis states that a _________________ hit

the Earth and the ______________ from that impact created the Moon.

9. The Moon is ________________ away at a rate of 1 ½ inches a year.

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Grade:



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New Double Puzzle


What advantages would there be in having water on the Moon?



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Subjects: Titan, Iapetus,

Ariel, Triton

1. ___________is the largest moon in our solar system.

2, Titan is one of the _____ moons of Saturn.

3. Its atmospheric pressure is _______ of Earth’s.

4. Titan has liquid lakes filled with __________________________.

5. Iapetus is the third largest _________ in the Saturn system.

6. One side is ___________and the other is dark.

7. Ariel is about ______ the size of our __________ and was partially melted at

one time.

8. Triton may have _____________nitrogen pools below its _______________.

9. It has _____________ that shoot out the nitrogen and some______________

which leaves purple ___________on the surface.

10. Neptune may have __________________ Triton.

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Grade:

Gravity Why could this be a good symbol for gravity?



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New Criss Cross


Across

2. found in liquid pools below the surface of Triton. 4. color of one side of Iapetus, surface 5. color of Titan's sky

7. larger than Pluto 10. third largest moon in Saturn system 11. defined by a mountain line on Iapetus

Down 1. has strange canyons 3. amount of nitrogen in Titan's atmosphere 6. falling on Triton

8. discovered Titan 9. found on Titan is gas, solid and liquid states



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Subjects: Io, Europa, Ganymede,

Callisto, Pheobe,

Encleladus

1. Io is th______ largest object in the Solar System.

2. it has many active ______________ that spew out lava that is 1,400 degrees to

____________ degrees Fahrenheit.

3. It is the _____________ hottest place in the Solar System.

4. The whole surface of ______changes over 5 to 7 years.

5. Europa is covered in ______.

6. It has a warm ____________ below it that is heated by a molten __________.

7. Europa has all of what it takes to have __________ in its oceans.

8. Ganymede it the _____________ of Jupiter’s ___________.

9. It has scars called _____________________.

10. Callisto is the ________________ of Jupiter’s moons.

11. It is ice covered and the ________ is thicker than on Europa.

12. Phoebe is the ________ largest moon in Saturn’s system and is a

___________asteroid.

13. ________ of light shone on Enceladus is ___________________.

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Grade:



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It is time to compare and contrast. Chart the moons in this chapter.

Name of Moon - Anchor Planet - Ice? - Atmosphere - Volcanoes- Liquid Water

Which moons have the potential for life? _______________, ________________

Which moon is an asteroid? ______________________

Which moon has volcanoes? _________________

Chapter 8 - 1: Rocks and Ice Grade:



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Subject: Asteroids

1. Shapes and sizes vary with________________.

2. Asteroids can also contain ___________ores. Much __________ has been

detected in some of them.

3. Most asteroids are found in the __________________Belt.

4. Asteroids can have ________________________.

5. The asteroid Itokawa, which was visited by a______________ spacecraft, was

found to be a ____________ rock, or chondrite, that is _________ feet long and

_______ feet at its widest point.

6. An asteroid named __________ has a small chance in hitting us in the year

________.

7. It is __________ feet in diameter.

8. It will pass near us and that will change its path. This is called the

________effect. ___________ years later, this effect may change the asteroid

trajectory enough to make it more likely to hit ___________.

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

What kind of asteroid would be interesting, or even fun to explore? Give two

examples why.



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New Word Search


apophis compostion japanese micro gravity rocks Asteroid Belt hayabusa keyhole effect minerals shooting stars chondrite iron light silicates pha

Make two sentences, that makes sense, using ten of the words above.



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Chapter 8: - 2 Rocks and Ice

Subject: Comets

1. Comets that wander in our Solar system have _________________ orbits.

2. The most famous comet is called ________________ Comet which comes by

every 70 years.

3. The head of the comet is called the ________________.

4. When it gets ____________ to the sun, the comet develops a __________ of

particles called a coma.

5. Fred Whipple described ____________ as dirty __________________.

6. Gases coming off the comets contain, hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen,

____________ dioxide and silicates, all in the _______________ blocks of

____________.

7. The particles blown off the comet have interacted with solar winds and

become known as _______.

8. Most comets originate from the__________________. There are an estimated

one ____________ comets there.

9. The comet Shoemaker – Levy 9 was broken into ______ pieces and then

slammed into _____________________.

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Grade:



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Draw what you think a diagram of a comet should look like. Label and

describe the nucleus, coma, shock wave, and the tail.



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Chapter 8 - 3 Rocks and Ice

Subject: Meteors and Meteorites

1. A _______________ is a natural object that is falling through the sky that came

from space. It can also be called a _______________.

2. Meteorites, or _______________, are what you call the objects when they hit

the surface, of which _______ of them are made of silicates.

3. They contain elements that can be traced back to the _____________ of the

Solar System.

4. When the meteorites are recovered they are called ___________.

5. About _____________ meteorites have been recovered in Antarctica.

6. NEOs stand for _____________ Earth Objects.

7. PHA stands for Potentially _________________ Asteroids.

8. ___________PHAs have been found as of January 1, 2010.

9. Most of the most dangerous objects are called long terms or

_______________________. They dangerous because they have not been

detected before or they drop by with _____________ warning. These are mostly

________________.

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Grade:



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Write down a summary of NEO’s and then why “long terms” are very dangerous.



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Chapter 8 - 4 Rocks and Ice

Subjects: Meteors, Past Impacts

1. On average, every _________ years a random iron asteroid at least _____ yards

wide hits earth.

2. Every few hundred thousand years and object may hit earth that causes radical

________________________ changes.

3. A large object, probably a comet, exploded over the Tunguska region, in

_____________, Russia in __________. It knocked down thousands of square

miles of _____________.

4. The largest crater in the United States is called the ____________________

Crater and is located in ________________.

5. The site for the supposed meteorite impact that caused the mass extinction of

the dinosaurs is located off the Yucatan peninsula. It is called the

_______________ Crater.

6. The most famous meteorite was found in _______________. It is from the

planet___________. It may hold fossils of ________________life.

7. Comets probably contributed large amounts of __________to our oceans and

oxygen to our ________.

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Grade:

Which do you think is more dangerous, an iron asteroid that is 500 feet wide

or a comet that is the same dimension? Why?



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Imagination creates ideas

Write the answers on a lined piece of paper.

1. Why is it important to search the skies of comets

and asteroids?

4. What if you found out an iron asteroid the

600 yards wide was coming to a neighborhood

near you, the next day?

2. The impact will devastate an area the size of

Arizona. What are your priorities?

3. How can we prepare for a hit of that size?



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Chapter 9 - 1 Stars

Subjects: Distance, Light

Measurement, Types of Stars

1. The _____________technique allows us to measure the distances to many

stars.

2. About _______________ stars have had distances accurately measured and

about ________________ stars have had their distances estimated.

3. __________________________ is one of our closest stars and is part of a

___________ star system.

4. The study of light is called _______________________.

5. When an atom is in a _____________ state it gives off the _____________

amount of energy.

6. Bright colors are formed when atoms _____________photons.

7. Each type of atom has different _____________levels and its own ___________

signature.

8. __________ are divided into __ classes.

9. The bigger the stars, the _____________ they get.

10. The hotter the stars the more ______________can be produced.

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Grade:

Think of a bright and dark colors that people wear. Now, think of sunlight in the

winter and summer. Why do people tend to wear certain colors during certain

seasons?



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New Criss Cross


Across 1. photographed star spectrum

3. the bigger 6. no charge 7. amount of miles the nearest star is from the Sun

8. study of light 9. piece of light 10. stars come in different

11. negatively charged particles Down 2. measurement of distance from the Sun to the nearest star.

4. used to find distances 5. when an atom has lost 2 or more electrons



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Chapter 9 -2 Stars

Subjects: Movement, Brightness

Classification

1. Radial ______________can be used to measure how fast the star is moving

away from us.

2. Proper ______________ indicates side to side movement.

3. The Doppler ____________also tells us how far and fast the star is moving

away from us but it takes measurements _____ to 30 years apart to find out the

information.

4. Measuring ________________ can tell the speed of rotation and the power of

the star’s _____________________ field.

5. An astronomic term for brightness is ____________________.

6. Absolute magnitude tells the true ___________________ of the _________.

7. The brighter the star the ________________ it is.

8. Normal stars (90% of stars), are found in the _______________________ of the

Hertzprung – Russel Diagram.

9. The brightest star in our sky, other than the Sun, is ______________.

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Grade:



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True / False

1. T/F Radial velocity measures the intensity of a star.

2. T/F In order to use the Doppler shift, you to need to measure daily.

3. T/F The Sun’s luminosity is equal to 3,850 billion, trillion 100 watt light bulbs

shining at one time.

4. T/F Absolute magnitude is a tricky thing.

5. T/F The majority of stars is within the main sequence.

6. T/F Absolute magnitude shows how bright a star is.

How does light affect Earth? Give minimum 3 examples.



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Chapter 9 - 3 Stars

Subjects: Double Stars, Birth To

Death, Why Light

1. When there are two stars in a star system, the stars are

called_______________.

2. So far, over _____________ visual binaries have been logged.

3. A spectroscopic ______________ can be detected with light but not visually.

4. In __________, a planet in a ______________ system was discovered.

5. A star must be at least _____ times the size of _________________ to form.

6. An interstellar _____________ of gas is called a_______________.

7. To get a cloud of___________ and gas there must have been a star that

____________________.

8. The __________ wave of the exploded star stirs the nebula and

_________________occur. Some of the dust sticks and this starts to develop

enough gravity to attract more collisions.

9. A ____________________ is not using nuclear energy.

10. A flattened ______________ develops that will someday be ______________.

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Grade:

What if we suddenly had two more stars in our system? How do you think that

would affect the world?



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What do you think are the advantages and disadvantages for life in a binary star

system? Write down 3 ideas.

1

2

3

What would the original Solar System Nebula say about Earth? Draw the nebula

and fill in the caption.



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Chapter 9 - 4 Stars

Subjects: Phases of a Star, Light

1. After being a protostar, the next process is called

________________________________.

2. The T Tauri Stage is marked by large amounts of __ray emissions, many sun

spots and powerful ______________winds.

3. When the core reaches _____ million degrees Kelvin. Nuclear

______________begin.

4. When the gravity______________ with the energy pushing outwards the star

has reached _______________________ equilibrium.

5. Larger _____________ last a shorter amount of time and die violent

_____________.

6. When a ____________________ atom is heated enough it will combine with

___________ other hydrogen atoms and become a helium atom. The energy

released from this process is called ____________.

7. The energy released is in a particle called a _______________.

8. Photons are the fastest moving objects at__________________ miles per

second.

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Grade:



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Cartoon Time: Use each square to draw out your impression of a phase of a star in which

you have read about. Be sure to label areas.



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Chapter 9 - 5 Stars

Subjects: Fuel, Red Giants and

Dwarfs

1. A star needs to convert at least ______________tons of hydrogen to helium,

per second, to_________________.

2. An average size star will take about ___________________years to burn up all

its fuel.

3. Stars can be up to ________________the size of the Sun.

4. Red dwarf stars are the ______________ and ________________ stars.

5. These stars could keep _______________for up to ______trillion years.

6. When a star changes from burning _______________ to helium, it expands and

becomes a red giant. The moment the fuel switch takes place is called an

__________________ climax.

7 Our Sun will become a red giant, them a ______________ dwarf and finally a

black ______________ ball.

Grade:

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Write out a short story about the last days of the Sun.



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Describe what you think will happen to Earth when the Sun into a red giant.

Minimum 50 words.



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Chapter 9 - 6 Stars

Subjects: Variable Stars, End of Stars

1. Stars can vary between main sequence and red giantism. This is called a

_____________________ period.

2. Some ___________________ stars vary in brightness with a rhythm. They are

called variable ______________________.

3. Blue white giant stars that vary in intensity are called RR variables. So far

___________ of these have been found.

4. A long period ___________ can vary in brightness every 80 to 1,000 days.

5. The way a star dies depends on its ________.

6. Some stars end up with a ______________ core and their outside layers fly

away. They are called planetary nebulae of which ____________ of these have

been found.

7. A white dwarf ends up the size of our ______________.

8. But its gravity can be up to_________________ times as strong as ours.

Grade:

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Why would it be difficult to find life in a system that has a variable star?



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Concept: You are a star and you are shrinking and as

you shrink you weigh more. Everything is heavier and denser. How would this

effect you and your surroundings?

The pressure! Minimum 50 words.



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Chapter 9 - 7 Stars

Subjects: Dwarfs, Supernovas,

1. During the ____________stage, a nova may occur, which is a flaring of a star.

2. When all the __________ is spent, then the star will become a black

______________.

3. But, if the star is big it may end its life as a _____________________.

4. During that final phase, the temperatures could reach _______million

_____________Kelvin.

5. Carbon turns to _____________________, then nitrogen and silicon.

_________ begins to form.

6. The core turns into an ___________ ball and the balance is gone and a collapse

produces a gigantic __________________ called a ____________________.

7. The energy is so much that it can out produce all the light produced in all the

____________________ during the first moments.

8. The first astronomically understood supernova was recorded in ____________.

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Grade:

If you had the following in our cosmic neighborhood: a red dwarf, a white dwarf, a pulsar, a

red giant and a blue white straggler, which ones would you keep and which would you wish

not to be around? Why?



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What happens when a star goes supernova what happens to what is left? Write a

summary in the open areas. Use a diagram to support your writing.

Diagram



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Chapter 9 - 8 Stars

Subjects: Byproducts of Supernovas,

Neutron Stars, Pulsars, Black Holes

1. Supernovas produce the heaviest elements in the _________________such as:

nitrogen, _______________and carbon.

2. Virtually all of the elements within you can be traced back to a

________________________.

3. The core that is left has been stripped of __________________ and protons.

4. We call these stars: ______________ stars and they can be as small as

_________________in diameter

5. They retain tremendous gravity and spin rapidly, producing radio

______________ and gamma _______pulses. These stars can also be called

______________.

6. Eventually these star’s ___________slows down.

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Grade:

From what you have learned, why is it a good thing that there are supernovas?

Name four byproducts from such an event.



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A giant nebula, several light years across, left over from a supernova. Inside

several giant blue stars are forming.

Quick write: Why we call the length of existence of stars life spans, incorporate

terminology from this chapter. Miniumum 50 words.



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Chapter 9 – 9 Stars

Subject: Black Holes

1. If the star is bigger than _____times the size of the Sun they may become

pulsars. But if they are _____________they become black holes.

2. A huge star after a supernova, will become a_____________________.

3. The core of the ______________________star cannot stop shrinking.

4. There is a point where the mass is so compact that there is no

___________between the atoms, or even the_______________. This is

called____________________.

5. The gravity becomes so powerful that passing __________________will be

captured and put into ______________________ orbit around the black hole.

They are located at the ____________horizon.

6. The black hole resembles a CD floating space with jets of ________________

shooting out of the middle.

7. Some black holes have swallowed up ____________________of star systems.

8. Some black holes have been spotted ________________ their fellow

______________ stars.

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Grade:

What if there are wandering black holes? Would they be dangerous? Why?



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Write the answers below the picture.

1. What type of system is this?

2. What would the disk represent?

3. What happens when a black hole gets close to another star?

4. What will eventually happen to the star on the right?



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Chapter 10 -1 Galaxies

Subject: Descriptions

1. We live in a galaxy called the __________________.

2. A galaxy is a very large grouping of stars mixed with dust, gas and

________________________.

3. The thin clouds seen around distant galaxies are actually ______________.

4. The middle of a spiral galaxy is called the _____________________ and

contains the ________________ bulge.

5. Edwin ________________ recognized the first ______________ beyond the

Milky Way.

6. NASA estimates there are between 100 and 200 _____________galaxies in

the_______________________.

7. The estimates have risen lately because we can now peer through the center of

our ________________ to see what is beyond. That area was known as the

__________ of avoidance.

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Grade:

Galaxies are somewhat like... What? Try to compare galaxies with manmade

structures. Give at least two examples and explain why for each.



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You see below photos three galaxies. From your observations, explain their

differences and commonalities in the open areas:

Observations:

1.

2.

3.

Grade:

NGC 1510 and 1512 1

Galaxy M100 1

NGC 1300 1



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Chapter 10 - 2 Galaxies

1. We live in a______________ spiral galaxy. There are ______________globular

clusters of stars in the Milky Way’s nuclear bulge.

2. Our galaxy is about ______________light years in diameter.

3. Our arm of the galaxy is called the ___________ Arm.

4. The Globular_____________ contain anywhere from ______________to

1,000,000 stars. In them are found big and powerful stars called

blue____________________.

5. Most astronomers estimate that our galaxy is __________billion years old,

based on the Big Bang Theory.

6. There is a massive ___________ hole at the _____________of our galaxy.

7. Some galaxies form stars at a greater rate than others. They are called

__________________galaxies

8. According to the Big Bang Theory , most galaxies were formed in the early

history of the __________________ and are in the phase of accelerated star

production of___________________ years.

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________



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Below is an X ray image of the center of the Milky Way galaxy taken by the

Chandra Observatory. (Credit NASA) In the bright area is a massive black hole.

(See the same image in color in your homework DVD, in the Galaxy chapter.) List

three reasons why you think it would be difficult to have life in the center of a

spiral galaxy.



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Chapter 10 – 3 Galaxies

Subjects: Where are we?

Galactic Formations

1. Our galaxy is part of a ______________structure containing other galaxies. This

is called the ______________Group.

2. Our closest large galactic neighbor is called ___________________ and will

someday _________________ with our galaxy.

3. Andromeda is estimated to be ______ million light years away from us.

4. The closest galactic neighbor is called _______________________Dwarf.

5. It is only______________ light years away.

6. At the moment out galaxy is consuming _______________ Major Dwarf and

Sagittarius __________________________galaxies.

7. Some galaxies have been influenced into their shape by other galaxies. These

are called ____________________ galaxies.

8. _________________________galaxies have many old stars.

9. Spiral galaxies have a nuclear bulge and arms and may have _______________

wave of matter between the ___________.

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Grade:

Draw a spiral galaxy and label it.



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New Double Puzzle


Take six words from above and use them in a two sentence paragraph that makes sense.



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Chapter 10 - 4 Galaxies

Subjects: Galactic Formations

1. Dwarf galaxies can also be called ________________clouds and dwarf

________________ galaxies.

2. Most galaxies are in clusters, but _____of them are not in clusters.

3. There are __________clusters that can range in area as much as 1

____________light years across.

4. Many of the active galaxies may have _____________________in the middle.

5. Most galaxies are _____________ parsecs away from each other.

6. Quasars are moving away from us at a rate of ________of light speed.

7. According to the Big Bang Theory the first 300,000 years of the Universe is

called the ______________________ Ages.

8. We now live in the _______________ age.

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Grade:

Draw out a field of various galaxies. Make at least 6. Put them at different angles and sizes..



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This was a picture taken by the Hubble Telescope. Imagine holding a dime

out at arm’s length and looking at the eye of Roosevelt on the dime. That is the

size of the image area of space taken in this picture! Count the Galaxies and see if

you can get them all. # of galaxies_________ Hint… there is more than 20.



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Chapter 11 - 1 The Universe

Subject: The Nature of the Universe

1. A major question that remains unanswered: How something can be made

from nothing?

2. Many people believe in intelligent design while many others prefer believe that

theory of evolution is correct.

3. The Big Bang theory states that all matter was in a tiny space and there was no

space between even particles. That is known as singularity.

4. This time of “singularity” is called the Planck Epoch.

5. According to the Big Bang” theory, when the explosion happened dark matter

moved out faster than the speed of light.

6. The first particles formed are called quarks and leptons.

7. The Universe is made up of 73% of dark energy, 23% dark matter and 4%

detectable matter.

8. Dark matter may be made up of heavy metals and brown dwarfs or axions

known as WIMPS.

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Grade:



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Draw out the first four stages of the Universe according to the Big Bang Theory.

Label each stage and describe them.

1 2

3 4



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Chapter 11 - 2 The Universe

Subject: What is in the Universe

1. Space/time contains all ______________, their location, the vacuum of space

and all _________________.

2. WMAP stands for

___________________________________________________.

3. Light can travel _____________miles a year.

4. There is a background temperature of ______degrees, Kelvin.

5. The Universe spread out fairly evenly, also called:

____________________________.

6. Far away objects that are closer to the edge of the Universe are moving away at

_______________miles per second.

7. The _________________is expanding.

8. The one constant natural force to keep things constant and structured

is______________.

9. Some believe that there is more than _______Universe, in fact many of them.

They call them____________________.

Grade:

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________



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You know as much as a cosmologist (studier of the Universe), when it

comes to predicting parallel universes, multiversus and the very beginning. Now

it is time for you to describe the Universe in your own terms. Try to answer the

following:

1) Is the Universe controlled or is it ruled by purely random events?

2) Where did matter come from in the first place?

Give reasons behind your beliefs, not just your opinions.



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Chapter 12 - 1 History of Rocketry

Subject: Early History

1. The history of rocketry extends back over ____________ years.

2. The first rockets were made in _______________.

3. By ______________ the Chinese were using rockets on the battlefield.

4. The __________________also used rockets in conquering

__________________ in 1258.

5. The first E_________________ to see and make records of Chinese rockets

was_______________________.

6. The Chinese first used rockets for_______________; the_________________

were the first Europeans to do so.

7. British used rockets fired from planes to shoot down zeppelins during

_____________.

8. Germans developed the _____buzz bomb to attack the______________ during

World War II.

9. Werner ____________________headed the team to develop the rocket.

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Grade:

Why are rockets important? Give at least two examples.



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Draw: Religious Use, Fire Works, Weapons and Space Rockets in

the squares.

1 Religion / Magic 3 Weapons

2 Fireworks 4 Space Rockets



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Chapter 12 - 2 History of Rocketry

Subject: V2

1. The V2 rocket could fly as high as _________________feet.

2. When ________________lost the war, the Americans and Russians wanted

their rocket__________________.

3. In 1950, the Americans moved their rocket site to ________________________

in Florida.

4. The first U.S. Army rocket was called the____________________.

5. The Jupiter rocket launched our first satellite,_________________________.

6. In 1962 ____________________________announced that we were going to

send men to the______________.

7. ________________rockets launched our men to the Moon.

8. The during ___________________flight of the Space Shuttle_______________,

the ship blew up shortly after______________________.

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Grade:

Rockets are dangerous. Why? Give two examples.



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New Double Puzzle




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Chapter 13- 1 Space Exploration

Subject: Intro,

the Russians 1957 -1976

1. As of the year ____________half the world still had not used a_____________.

2. The first space satellite, ______________was launched in 1957, by the

________________________.

3. The Soviets launched a dog into space named ______________.

4. In 1959, The Soviets sent ____________ to the Moon.

5. _______________ took the first pictures of the other side of the____________.

6. The _____________program was used to explore and _________the Moon in

preparation for a manned Moon_____________.

7. Venera 7 was sent to explore ______________and found out it is very hot

there.

8. The Russians tried to send probes to __________in 1971, but had little success.

9. By __________the Soviets emphasized ___________stations and espionage.

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Grade:

What can a spy satellite spy on? (One example.) Also, how could a nuclear

nation launching a satellite threaten another country?



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Design a space station. Include living quarters, 3 labs, energy system,

toilet, docking area, “kitchen”, storage, water storage, sleeping area,

communications and systems engineering section. In a weightless environment

you can use all the walls in the station. Be sure to label.



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Chapter 13- 2 Space Exploration

Subject: The American Satellite

and Space Probe Programs

1957-1973

1. The first satellite the U.S. launched was on a _____________rocket and it

___________________ shortly after takeoff.

2. In 1958, ________________was to end up at the Moon but only went

_______________miles into space.

3. In 1962, ______________changed emphasis to a manned space program.

3. The Pioneer, Ranger, __________________and Lunar Orbiter programs were

to explore the ____________and prepare NASA for a ______________mission

there.

4. In 1960 NASA sent up _______________which was our first

_____________satellite.

5. The _________________program purpose was to explore Venus, _______and

Jupiter. Pioneer 10 passed______________ in 1983.

6. The _________________program was intended to land crafts on Mars.

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Grade:

Why are weather satellites important to: the military, our economy, and our

daily life?



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Design your own space probe to explore the moon. Include: feet and

rocket thrusters to land, probe tools and communications device. Label all parts.

Make sure to write what the tools are doing and looking for.



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Chapter 14- 1 Manned Space Exploration

1959 -1976, Russians in Space

Subject: Russian Space Exploration

1. At first the United States and the Soviet Union would not risk human life, rather

they sent ______________into space.

2. In 1961, the Soviets sent the first man, _____________________, into space.

The flight lasted a total of _______ minutes.

3. _________________________________was the first woman in space in 1963.

4. In 1964, the Soviets launched a _______________spacecraft that

had_____________ cosmonauts inside.

5. In March, 1965 __________________________was the first man to leave a

spacecraft for a “spacewalk”.

6. The Soyuz program was intended to get cosmonauts to the___________.

7. The head of the Russian space program died in ____________and caused the

loss of initiative for the Russians to get to the ____________first. They gave up

after the test firing of their moon _______________failed.

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Grade:

Why would the Soviets and the United States care who is on the Moon first?



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This monkey and dog were sent into space. The dog was sent by the

Russians and the monkey by Americas. Dead monkey, dog, or man? What would

have you sent into space and why or why not? Write minimum 50 words.



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Chapter 14- 2 Manned Space Exploration

1959 -1976, Russians in Space

Subject: Russian Space Exploration

1. Much of the_______________ space program was very secretive.

2. When the _______________________made it to the Moon, the Russian

leadership said their space program never intended to go there.

3. The Russians had to find a new emphasis for space exploration and came up

with the__________________ program.

4. This program created the first________________________.

5. Its purpose was to conduct _________________________and to spy.

6. A record of _____ days in space for three cosmonauts was set in 1971, but

unfortunately they __________ returning to earth.

7. The place where the Russians construct their launch vehicles and launch their

________________is called__________________________.

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Grade:

The Soviets chose to be secretive and announce what happens only after the

events. The U.S. chose to show it all on live television. What does this say about

the two country’s governments?



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Soviet Lunar Lander 1

What if the Russians made it to the

Moon first? Should we have gone anyway?

Would the world have changed?

Write a quick write of a minimum 50

words and then share your ideas with the

class.



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Chapter 15 - 1 Manned Space Exploration

1959 -1979, Americans in Space

Subject: Early Exploration

1. For most of the beginning of the space age the United States was in

____________place.

2. School needed more emphasis on ______________and math while the

government gave large contracts to aviation and

electronic___________________.

3. The first manned space program was called_______________________.

4. ___________________________ was the first astronaut in space.

5. The flight was only _______________ minutes long.

6. ________________________had a successful flight but his capsule sank and

was lost.

7. ________________________was the first astronaut to orbit the earth. He was

in space for _____________hours.

8. ________________________stayed in space for _____hours, which was an

American record. The Russians had already had a cosmonaut stay in space for

___days.

Grade:

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________



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Looking at the drawing and the capsule itself, what conclusions can you

draw? Minimum 35 words. (Write below the picture.)

Credit NASA



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Chapter 15 - 2 Manned Space Exploration

1959 -1979, Americans in Space

Subject: 1964 – 1979

1. ______________________made the commitment that Americans would have a

man on the __________before ____________.

2. The next step to going to the_________ was the ____________ program.

3. The Gemini 7 flight stayed in space for _____ days.

4. Gemini 11, flew ________ miles above the Earth.

5. The______________ program was for the purpose of landing men on the

Moon. The _____________crew died in a fire while preparing for flight.

6. The ______________rocket was_________ feet tall and produced 7.5

_____________pounds of thrust.

7. The Apollo ___crew circled the _________and returned to Earth.

8. The ______________crew went to the Moon. They were Mike Collins, Buzz

Aldrin and______________________. Neil Armstrong was the first man to step

on the Moon, on July 20,_________.

9. The astronauts brought back Moon rocks.

10. After the Apollo missions, NASA started the _____________program.

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Grade:



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You get to go to the Moon! Describe your feelings when: You take

off. You are weightless. You land on the Moon. You take your first step on it.

You leave it and you come home. (100 words minimum)



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Chapter 16 - 1 History of Space Exploration

1973 – 2008

Subject: The Russians

1. The Russians sent six ________space stations into __________.

2. ___________________________established records for endurance in space.

3. In 1986, the Russians started the _________Program.

4. The Russians installed a power ____________________and lab in the space

station.

5. In 1995, the Americans sent __________________to Mir as part of a

preparation for the _______________________Space Station program.

6. During 1995, ___________________________finished a record _____ months

aboard the __________space station.

7. _________________________set an American record of ________ days in

space.

8. Space shuttles docked with Mir ___ times.

9. By _____________, the Mir had problems with its ___________ support.

10. In the year___________, the ______________station was allowed to fall to

Earth.

Grade:

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Why do you think the Soviets/Russians and the United States started

cooperating after competing all those years?



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2

You are in charge of the new space station program.

What would its purpose be? What military value could it have? What civilian and

scientific activities would you apply? Minimum 50 words.



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1973 – 2008

Subject: The Americans

1. The initial cost of each space shuttle was __________________dollars.

2. It was capable of carrying a crew of_______________.

3. It was thought that the program would ______for itself

with_______________________________, repair missions, private industry

contracts and fees.

4. The space shuttles are _____feet long and have _____foot long cargo bays.

5. They have a foam exterior that can withstand __________degrees, Fahrenheit.

6. Shortly after launch, the shuttle _____________________blew up

in_________.

7. Another shuttle, the_________________, disintegrated coming home

in____________.

8. _______________________ road went on a shuttle mission and became the

_____________person to travel in space at the age of _____.

Grade:

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Imagine a spaceship with a million parts that could launch you into space, reaching a velocity of over

17,000 miles an hour. Would you go? Why or why not?



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“Space, the final frontier…”, It’s time for you to list and defend what

you think are good and not good, reasons for humans to risk life and

fortune on space exploration and utilization. Give reasons for and against

humans and human made machines, in space. 30 word minimum each.



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1973 – 2008

Subject: The Chinese,

New Era, Space Probes

1. The title used for Chinese space travelers are____________________.

2. The Chinese sent their first____________________ to space in_______.

3. Voyager 1 arrived at _______________in ________.

4. It discovered _____________________on the moon Io.

5. Voyager 2 flew by _______________in ________.

6. _______________is the farthest travelled __________________space object.

7. The space probe _______________entered Jupiter’s __________________and

survived for _____ minutes.

8. Sojourner was a 20 pound ____________that traversed the surface

of__________.

9. Mars probes __________ and _____________________were supposed to

function on Mars for ______ days and instead lasted for over ___ years.

10. ______________________was launched in 2006, to travel to_________. It is

powered by _________________.

Grade:

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________



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Imagine what feelings can be felt when your nation now can put persons in

space for the first time? Why would a government think that this is important?

What statement does it make about the nation and its science, economy and

industry to the rest of the world? (50 words minimum) In the box draw a logo and

below it write a slogan for your nation’s new space program.



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1973 – 2008

Subject: The Hubble Telescope,

The Privatization of Space

1. A famous astronomer, Edwin ______________ had a

_________________named after him.

2. It was put into space in ________ aboard the shuttle __________________.

3. In ________, a crew on the shuttle __________________ was sent up to

capture the Hubble _________________ and repair it.

4. Every day the Hubble ________________ delivers between ______________

gigabytes of information.

5. It has observed more than _______________ targets.

6. Space ___ is a privately owned _____________company.

7. ____________________was the first ______________ in space. He flew to the

International Space Station.

8. ________________________has a waiting list for people wanting to take a sub

orbital flight into space.

Grade:

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________



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You have been seeing many Hubble images while doing your homework.

What impressions do the images you have been seeing leave on you? What is the

difference between just looking up and seeing what you can see with telescopes?

50 words minimum.



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Chapter 17 – 1 SETI

Subjects: Rare Earth, Astrobioligists

UFOs

1. People who study the possibility that aliens are visiting us are

called_______________________.

2. The book _______________________ describes what it would take to have

intelligent life to exist on another planet.

3. ______________________ work with the theory of life on other planets.

4. The star must be in the ________________________category to support life.

5. You must have heavier elements than helium and _________________ in the

star system.

6. You must have _____________calm and also an ___________________around

the planet.

7. You would probably need to have some sort of______________.

8. The _________________________calls flying objects they cannot explain,

unidentified flying objects or UFOs.

Grade:

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Ever seen a UFO? Who would you call if you saw aliens walking around? Why

would they believe you?



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Do you think there are intelligent alien life forms?

Why or why not? What, in society, has had an influence on you to form this

opinion? Minimum 50 words.

Draw your E.T. here.



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Subjects: Types of Galaxies,

Two Supernovas, Planetoids.

1. No _________________or blue – white spiral galaxies could harbor

_____________________life.

2. Spiral galaxies are very______________ and contain more_______________.

3. The _______________________has a wide variety of stars.

4. A giant _____________must go through a life ____________to create the

elements for life.

5. There must be another supernova nearby to stir up the

remaining_______________.

6. Some planetoids will be smashed by _________________collisions.

7. The distance near the star is important. Heavy element planetoids may get

destroyed or _________________into the star.

8. A white _____________has too little gravity and ____________to support life

9. ______________________are very rare events.

Grade:

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Its a rare event to win a lottery. Yet someone wins eventually. Is that the same

philosophy SETI should take when looking for aliens? Why or why not?



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2

Draw and label: the types of galaxy more likely to harbor life,

the type of star which is best to support life, the steps and pitfalls in developing a

star system capable of supporting life.

Galaxy Drawing Type of Star Drawing

Steps and Pitfalls:



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Subjects: What more would it take

to have a planet than can support

Life?

1. A red_________ has a very short and heated __________span.

2. A white ______________also has too little gravity.

3. Meteoric ________________such as the one theorized that killed the dinosaurs

could stop life form progressing. A collision with a hundred mile wide rock would

________________Earth.

4. Gravitational effects from __________planets could prevent the planet to even

form.

5. Some stars are not bright enough for their first_____________ years to support

life.

6. How many ___________systems have a _______ brother planet to protect a

life - capable planet?

7. The ______________must be at just the right distance from the parent star.

8. You need a ______________with the essential ingredients for_________.

Grade:

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Give two examples of what can go wrong that could threaten your life. Does that make you rare? Why

or why not? If dangers are common, does that make the chance of alien life rare?



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4

New Criss Cross


Across

2. star that gives the correct amount of energy 3. a fiery hell 7. thinks there is no other intelligent life

9. protection planet 10. twice as big as Mars 11. triple star systems

12. what happened to this planet? Down 1. rolling sideways

3. a land builder 4. produces a shock wave 5. too little gravity

6. short heated life span 8. a word describing defense from cataclysm



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Subjects: Fermi Paradox, Drake

Equation, SETI Searching

1. ____________________ asked important questions: “ Where is everybody?”

2. Reason number 3 is that we are not looking for the right

___________________.

3. Drake made an __________________that can come up with vastly different

answers.

4. SETI Institute listens to narrow-band extra solar________________________.

5. The___________ signal lasted for 72 seconds.

6. Sixty three search projects have taken place since the____________.

7. So far, nearly ___________ local star systems can tune in to some of our early

television.

8. The _______________Telescope transmitted a signal to space in 1974.

9. Paul Allen is sponsoring the __________Telescope ____________.

10. Interstellar gas and______________ will diffuse or block laser

_________________________.

Grade:

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

What would be two things you would like to know from an alien?



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New Double Puzzle


Over

here!



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Chapter 18 - 1 Night Sky

Subjects:

1. It is difficult to separate illusion from reality when one observes

the__________________.

2. The Earth is a sphere that __________________around its own axis.

3. Our _______________is also slightly titled on its side.

4. Many ancient cultures mapped the night sky so as to give

it______________________.

5. Mapped groupings of stars are known as_____________________.

6. Circumpolar ____________________are seen north of the_____degrees

north________________.

7. The terms, hours, _______________and second are used when measuring

longitude and _____________for latitude.

8. One can see about ____________stars in a clear sky,

without_________________.

Grade:

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Draw an imaginary constellation!



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New Word Search


L S R H S H N M K H C H G C C S A K O T D I V O W O C O R E A W N U M N N U X R S N M A L C Q O E U A R O I D S H Y L E R S I T D S N Z C T T T T O S I P E C E U O F E E N R H P T F S X N D N T L C B S O O M I I J Z S L Q L I I A G N L U A C N O I T A R U G I F N O C L I M N A T D I C A N C T G R S A E F I G R E E K W O C Y I P L L O S E E R G E D G L N C H A N D E C L I N A T I O N J E S L A N I D U T I T A L T M R A S C E N S I O N E D G C I E

ascension constellations horizon line minutes sacrificial celestial sphere declination hours mythology seconds

circumpolar degrees latitudinal north south configuration Greek longitudinal Roman



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Chapter 18 – 2 Night Sky

1. The point directly over the head of the observer is called the_____________.

2. The star only one degree off from the celestial ___________pole is

called_________________.

3. The Big _______________is made up of circumpolar______________.

4. The apparent nightly motion of the stars is called the ______________cycle.

5. The strip that borders both sides of the ______________is called

the________________.

6.The path that the __________follow is called the ecliptic.

7.The ecliptic map will become radically different in a few ____________ years.

Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

Period: _________

Grade:

If you could go into space, would you want to go to a moon, planet, another solar

system or another galaxy? Give two reasons why.



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Fill in the blanks then draw and label where the star Polaris

would be located.

Earth

Congratulations on completing the workbook! Please write a short summary on what

you found most interesting about astronomy:

Chapter 1 Subject Astronomy Basics - Socorro …€¦ · · 2012-08-22Chapter 1 Subject: Astronomy Basics 1. ... Thought the earth was the center of the universe. 5. ... Beyond

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