CHAPTER 1 SECTION 2: THE EUROPEAN WORLD. DRIVEN BY A DESIRE FOR WEALTH & A SENSE OF DUTY TO SPREAD THEIR RELIGION.

CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1

SECTION 2: SECTION 2:

THE EUROPEAN WORLDTHE EUROPEAN WORLD

• DRIVEN BY A DESIRE FOR WEALTH & A SENSE OF DUTY TO SPREAD THEIR RELIGION

THE EARLY THE EARLY MIDDLE AGESMIDDLE AGES

• AD 500- 1300 MEDIEVAL PERIOD• EUROPEAN INVASIONS

–GERMAN FRANKS SETTLED ACROSS EUROPE

–VIKINGS LOOTED & BURNED VILLAGES

–MUSLIMS SOUGHT TO SPREAD THEIR RELIGION

FEUDALISMFEUDALISM

• POWERFUL NOBLE OR LORD DIVIDED HIS LARGE LANDHOLDINGS AMONG LESS LORDS, WHO IN RETURN OWED HIM MILITARY SERVICE & OTHER SERVICES

• BASIS WAS THE MANOR (LARGE ESTATE OF THE LORD)

• PEASANTS (SERFS) FARMED THE LAND & GAVE THEIR LORD A PORTION OF THE HARVEST IN EXCHANGE FOR SHELTER & PROTECTION

–FORBIDDEN TO LEAVE

• EUROPEAN FOREIGN TRADE DIED OUT

MEDIEVAL RELIGIONMEDIEVAL RELIGION

• ROMAN CATHOLIC

• POPE HAD AUTHORITY OVER EMPERORS & KINGS

• CLERGY PERFORMED RELIGIOUS CEREMONIES, OWNED LARGE PLOTS OF LAND & WERE LORDS OF MANORS

• ONLY EDUCATED PEOPLE IN EUR.

• EVERY CHRISTIAN WAS EXPECTED TO SHOW UNQUESTIONING OBEDIENCE TO CHURCH AUTHORITY

THE LATE MIDDLE AGESTHE LATE MIDDLE AGES

• NEW FARMING METHODS LED TO MORE POPULATION & COMPETITION FOR LAND

• NEW TRADE ROUTES TO ASIA

THE THE CRUSADESCRUSADES

• 1077- MUSLIMS SEIZED JERUSALEM (PREVIOUSLY SHARED)

• 1096-1291 CHURCH ORGANIZED A SERIES OF MILITARY CAMPAIGNS TO TAKE JERUSALEM BACK (FAILED)

• IMPACT- INCREASED EUROPEAN AWARENESS OF THE WORLD BEYOND THEIR BORDERS & ACCELERATED ECONOMIC CHANGE

• CRUSADERS BROUGHT BACK SPICES, PERFUMES, FABRICS FROM ASIA

• 1271- MARCO POLO WENT TO CHINA

THE GROWTH OF CITIESTHE GROWTH OF CITIES

• MERCHANTS SOLD THEIR FOREIGN GOODS AT FARES SET UP ALONG WATER & TRADE ROUTES

• GREW INTO CITIES & TOWNS IN NORTHERN ITALY & FRANCE

• THREE EFFECTS–CREATED A MIDDLE CLASS–REVIVED A MONEY

ECONOMY–CONTRIBUTED TO THE

EVENTUAL BREAKDOWN OF THE FEUDAL SYSTEM

THE RISE OF THE RISE OF MONARCHSMONARCHS

• ATTRACTED THE LOYALTY OF THE MIDDLE CLASS BY PROTECTING TRADE ROUTES & KEEPING THE PEACE

• OFTEN LED TO CLASHES BETWEEN KINGS OR NOBLES

• KING JOHN OF ENGLAND WAS FORCED TO SIGN THE MAGNA CARTA IN 1215 “GREAT CHARTER”

THE RISE OF UNIVERSITIESTHE RISE OF UNIVERSITIES

• NEEDED PEOPLE TO RUN GOVERNMENTS OR IN CHURCH

• ANCIENT WRITINGS WERE TRANSLATED INTO LATIN

THE “BLACK DEATH”THE “BLACK DEATH”

• 1300’S “THE PLAGUE”• KILLED 1/3 OF EUROPE’S

POPULATION• CARRIED BY FLEAS ON RATS• CAUSED STARVATION, RIOTS, &

ECONOMIC COLLAPSE• CAME A LOSS OF RELIGIOUS

FAITH, PEOPLE BEGAN DOUBTING CHURCH TEACHINGS

THE RENAISSANCETHE RENAISSANCE

• “REBIRTH”

• ENORMOUS CREATIVITY & RAPID CHANGE

• THE PURSUIT OF LEARNING

–QUEST FOR KNOWLEDGE (ART, LITERATURE, SCIENCE, PHILOSOPHY, ECONOMICS, & POLITICAL THOUGHT)

• MICHELANGELO, DA VINCI, & SHAKESPEARE

• BROUGHT ORDER & UNITY TO EUROPE

• BEGAN USING REASON & EXPERIMENTATION TO UNDERSTAND THE PHYSICAL WORLD

CULTURAL CHANGES IN ITALYCULTURAL CHANGES IN ITALY

• STUDIED THE ARTS BECAME GENEROUS SUPPORTERS OF THEM

A GOLDEN AGEA GOLDEN AGE

• EXPLORED THE PHYSICAL WORLD & THE INDIVIDUAL ROLE IN IT

–HUMANISM

THE PRINTING PRESSTHE PRINTING PRESS

• JOHANN GUTENBERG

–FIRST BOOK WAS THE BIBLE

–COMMUNICATION REVOLUTION

THE REFORMATIONTHE REFORMATION

• 1517- MARTIN LUTHER LED THE REFORMATION

–DECLARED THE BIBLE WAS THE TRUE AUTHORITY

• PROTESTANTS- PROTESTED CATHOLIC AUTHORITY

THE RISE OF NATIONSTHE RISE OF NATIONS

• GOVERNMENT BY LOCAL NOBLES & THE CHURCH DECLINED

• EUROPE THOUGHT OF THEMSELVES AS MEMBERS OF NATIONS

SEAFARING TECHNOLOGYSEAFARING TECHNOLOGY

• COMPETITION FOR ASIAN TRADE

• 1400- REACH BY LAND

• NEW TECHNOLOGY- COMPASS, ASTROLABE, & QUADRANT

PORTUGAL TAKES TO THE SEASPORTUGAL TAKES TO THE SEAS

• 1418- PRINCE HENRY “THE NAVIGATOR” ESTABLISHED A MARINERS SCHOOLS

• DEVELOPED THE CARAVEL

• 1488- BARTHOLOMEU DIAS SAILED AROUND THE SOUTHERN TIP OF AFRICA “CAPE OF GOOD HOPE”

• 1497- VASCO DA GAMA SAILED TO INDIA

COMPETITION TO THE SEASCOMPETITION TO THE SEAS

• FERDINAND & ISABELLA OF SPAIN

–LAUNCHED THE INQUISITION

•GOAL WAS TO DISCOVER & PUNISH JEWS & MUSLIMS WHO WERE POSING AS CHRISTIANS

•1492- ALL JEWS REFUSING TO BE BAPTIZED WERE EXPELLED FROM SPAIN

• GOALS

–SURPASS PORTGUAL IN THE SEA RACE

–BRING CHRISTIANITY TO NEW LANDS