8/28/20031 Page 1 Soft Computing 1 Neuro-Fu zzy a nd Soft Computing chapter 1 J.-S.R. Jang Neuro-Fuzzy and Soft Compu ting chapter 1 J.-S.R. Jang Bill Cheetham Bill Cheetham Kai Goebel Kai Goebel Soft Computing 2 What is covered in this class? What is covered in this class? We will teach techniques useful in creating intelligent software systems that can deal with the uncertainty and imprecision of real world problems Some components of Intelligent systems are • human-like - they possess human-li ke expertise within a specific domain, • adaptable - they adap t themselves and learn to do better in a changing environment, and • explanations - they exp lain h ow they make decisions or take actions
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Soft Computing
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Neuro-Fuzzy and Soft Computing
chapter 1
J.-S.R. Jang
Neuro-Fuzzy and Soft Computing
chapter 1
J.-S.R. Jang
Bill CheethamBill Cheetham
Kai GoebelKai Goebel
Soft Computing
2
What is covered in this class?What is covered in this class?
We will teach techniques useful in creatingintelligent software systems that can deal withthe uncertainty and imprecision of real worldproblems
Some components of Intelligent systems are
• human-like - they possess human-likeexpertise within a specific domain,
• adaptable - they adapt themselves and learn todo better in a changing environment, and
• explanations - they explain how they makedecisions or take actions
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How will we teach the techniques?How will we teach the techniques?
We will present
• multiple techniques from Soft Computing +,
• when each technique is applicable
• examples of industrial applications
“If the only tool you have is a hammer, thenevery problem looks like a nail”
- anonymous
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Soft ComputingSoft Computing
“Soft computing is an emergingapproach to computing whichparallels the remarkable ability ofthe human mind to reason andlearn in an environment ofuncertainty and imprecision”
The information revolutiongoing on is allowing us toautomate informationprocessing tasks which requireintelligence much like theindustrial revolution automatedmanufacturing tasks
“Soft Computing” techniqueshave already been appliedsuccessfully.
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What is Soft Computing?What is Soft Computing?
Soft Computing is a field that currently includes
Fuzzy Logic
Neural Networks
Probabilistic Reasoning(Genetic Algorithms, BBN), and
Other related methodologies
• Case-Based Reasoning
Soft Computing combines knowledge,techniques, and methodologies from the sourcesabove to create intelligent systems
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Fuzzy Logic - KaiFuzzy Logic - KaiSets with fuzzy boundaries
A = Set of tall people
Heights(cm)
170
1.0
Crisp set A
Membershipfunction
Heights(cm)
170 180
.5
.9
Fuzzy set A
1.0
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Fuzzy Set Theory - KaiFuzzy Set Theory - Kai
Fuzzy set theory provides a systematic calculusto deal with imprecise or incomplete information
Fuzzy if-then rules are used in fuzzy inferencesystems
If <1> is tall and <1> is athletic then <1> is goodbasketball player.
A B T-norm
X Y
w
A’ B’ C
Z
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Neural Networks - KaiNeural Networks - KaiPattern matching technique where inputs arematched with a specific output pattern.
Network architecture
Modeled after the neurons in the brain.
Weights on the links
Learns by modifying the weights
x1
x2
y1
y2
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Genetic Algorithms - BillGenetic Algorithms - Bill