Chapter 1 Respiration

Chapter 1 – Respiration1. The human respiratory system consists of:

a. _______________________________b. _______________________________c. _______________________________d. _______________________________e. _______________________________f. _______________________________g. _______________________________h. _______________________________i. _______________________________j. _______________________________

2. The function of different parts of the respiratory system:a. Nasal cavity

Warms and moisten air. Filters dusts particles in air.

b. Trachea Consists of cilia and mucus. Trap dust particles and microorganisms in air.

c. Bronchus Direct air to the left and right lungs.

d. Lung Consists of alveoli.

e. Diaphragm

Separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity.

3. ________________ = Process of breathing in air.4. ________________ = Process of breathing out air.

5. Lungs – main respiratory organ. Located in the _________________________ and protected

by the _______________.

6. Pathway:_______________________ ___________________ _____________________ _______________________ ______________________

7. Differences between inhalation and exhalation mechanisms:

Aspects Inhalation ExhalationDiaphragm muscle

External intercostal muscle

Internal intercostal muscle

Movement of ribs

Volume of the thoracic cavity

Air pressure in thoracic cavity

Movement of air

1. The exchange of respiratory gases occurs in the _____________ by ___________________.

2. Alveolus:a. ___________ surface area and _________ walls.b. ______________.c. Surrounded by a network of ___________________________

3. In the blood, oxygen will combine with haemoglobin to form _____________________________.

4. When oxyhaemoglobin reaches the body tissue, it breaks down to release oxygen.

5. Oxygen then diffuses into the cells and is used in respiration.6. The components of inhaled and exhaled air:

1. Harmful substances and their effects to human respiratory system.

Sources Substances Effects

Factory smoke

Sulphur dioxide Corrodes the tissues of the alveolus and trachea walls.

Oxygen cannot be transported to the blood capillaries.

Asbestos dust Lung cancerDust and soot Breathing

difficulties. Lung cancer

Vehicles exhause

Carbon monoxide Reduce the capacity of blood to carry oxygen.

Hydrocarbons CancerOxides of nitrogen Damage lung

tissues. Smog.

Cigarette smoke

Tar Cancer Blackens the

lungsNicotine Affect blood flow.

Heart attack. Trigger the

growth of cancerous cells.

Addiction.Carbon monoxide Reduce the

capacity of blood to carry oxygen.

2. Respiratory diseases:

Diseases Factors SymptomsAsthma Genetic factors

Food allergy Pollutants and

dust Inflammation of

the breathing channel.

Breathing difficulty

Coughing Tightness in chest

Lung cancer Smoking Carcinogen

(asbestos dust, hydrocarbons and nicotine)

Loss of appetite Heavy coughing Weight loss Chest pain Breathing

difficultyEmphysema Smoking

Dust Coughing

continuously Breathing

difficulty Tiredness

Influenza Virus Blocked or runny nose

Teary eyes Giddiness Aches in the

limbs Fever Cough

Pneumonia Bacteria Viruses

Lungs filled with pus and fluids

Breathing difficulty

Chest pain Fever Cough