Chapter 1 Notes: Cells - josecolorado.weebly.com

Science 8 Chapter 1 - Cells

Chapter 1 Notes: Cells

Name: ____________________ Block: _____


The Compound Light Microscope Compound light microscopes are the type of microscopes commonly used to enlarge _______________. Label the compound light microscope:

The Parts of a Compound Light Microscope

Part Function

a) Eyepiece Has a magnification power of _____X

b) Arm Supports the _______________

c) Coarse Focus Brings an object into focus at low or _______________ power

d) Fine Focus Brings an object into focus at _______________ power

e) Base Supports the entire _______________

f) Nosepiece Holds the three objective _______________

g) Objective lenses Have magnification powers of _____X, _____X, and _____X

h) Stage Supports the _______________

i) Light source Supplies the _______________ needed to see the slide

a)_______________

b)_______________ f)_______________

g)_______________

h)_______________

i)_______________

c)_______________

d)_______________

e)_______________


Characteristics of Living Things All living things have the following characteristics:

1) Living things are composed of _______________.

2) Living things respond to their _______________.

3) Living things need ______________.

4) Living things _______________.

5) Living things _______________.

6) Living things must get rid of _______________.

The Cell Theory Cell Theory: 1) The cell is the basic unit of _______________. 2) All organisms are _______________ of one or more cells. 3) All cells come from other _______________ cells. Do you know what type off cell it is? (yeast, onion, amoeba, E. coli, red blood cell, or nerve cell)

1) _______________

2) _______________

3) ______________

4) _______________

5) _______________

6) _______________


Cell Structure All cells have the following basic parts: 1) Cytoplasm – a jelly-like _______________ within a cell containing organelles, water, and other life-supporting materials. 2) Cell membrane – a thin, protective _______________ that controls the movement of particles into an out of the cell. (Plant cells also have a rigid outer layer called the cell wall which protects and ____________ the cell) 3) Organelles – cell _______________ which carry out certain functions.

Organelles

Nucleus – _______________ all the activities within the cell and contains deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Mitochondria – the energy _______________ in a cell that carry out cellular respiration: (glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + ________)

Ribosomes – assembles _______________

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) – a network of channels that _______________ materials

Golgi Body (with vesicles) – sorts proteins and _______________ them into vesicles. Vesicles – small sacks that _______________ substances around the cell

Vacuole – temporary storage compartments used to _______________ wastes

Lysosome – contains digestive chemicals used to _______________ down food particles, cell wastes, and worn out-out cell parts

Chloroplast – carries out _______________ in plant cells: (light + carbon dioxide + water → glucose + __________)


Who am I?

1) ________________

2) ________________

3) ________________

4) ________________

5) ________________

6) ________________

7) ________________

8) ________________

9) ________________

10) ________________

11) ________________

12) ________________

I am a jelly-like substance!

I store wastes!

I carry out photo-synthesis!

I sort and package proteins!

I cover and protect the cell!

I carry substances around the cell!

I am a network of channels!

I assemble proteins!

I control the cell!

I break down things!

I produce energy!

I protect and support plant cells!


Animal and Plant Cells

Label the animal cell:

Label the plant cell:

*What two cell structures are found in plants but not in animals? 1) ____________________ 2) ____________________

f)_______________

e)_______________

d)_______________

g)_______________

h)_______________

i)_______________

c)_______________

b)_______________

a)_________________

j)_______________

k)_______________

l)_______________

m)_______________

n)_______________

o)_______________

q)_______________

p)_______________

r)_______________

s)_______________


Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Cells can be divided into two groups:

Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells

-cells whose organelles are not surrounded by a _______________ -generally _______________ (1/1000 mm to 1/100 mm)

Example:

Label the prokaryotic cell (bacteria):

-cells whose organelles are surrounded by a _______________ -generally _______________ (1/100 mm to 1/10 mm)

Example:

Label the eukaryotic cell (animal):

b)______________

a)______________

c)_____________

d)____________

e)_______________

g)_______________

f)_______________


Bacteria Bacteria are single-celled, _______________ organisms. There are three basic shapes:

Cocci (spheres)

Bacilli (rods)

Spirilla (spiral)

Identify each type of bacteria below as either cocci, bacilli, or spirilla:

1) _______________

2) _______________

3) _______________

4) _______________

5) _______________

6) _______________

7) _______________

8) _______________

9) _______________

10) _______________

11) _______________

12) _______________


Bacteria are found almost everywhere on Earth:

In _______________

In _______________

In _______________

In tissues of _______________

On all continents, including _______________

In tissues of _______________

Bacteria can be harmful and helpful to humans! Indicate whether the examples below are helpful or harmful to humans.

1) Bacteria used to make yoghurt and cheese

2) Strep throat causing bacteria (streptococcus)

3) Bacteria used to produce insulin

harmful / helpful

harmful / helpful harmful / helpful

4) Naturally occurring bacteria in our digestive system

5) Antibiotic resistant bacteria

6) Bacteria in contaminated meat

harmful / helpful

harmful / helpful harmful / helpful


Viruses Viruses are tiny, non-living _______________ that reproduce only when they are inside a _______________ cell. Virus Structure:

Virus Life Cycle:

a) The virus ____________ to a specific host cell. b) The viruses DNA ____________ the host cell. c) The virus’s DNA ____________ the cell to make new viral DNA and protein. d) New viruses __________ inside of the host cell. e) The host cell bursts open and the new viruses are ____________.

There are many different types of viruses:

The Ebola virus that is ______________ to human.

The virus HIV that attacks the human _______________ system.

The bacteriophage virus that infects _______________.

The tobacco mosaic virus that damages tobacco __________.

b)_______________ a)_______________

c)_______________


Diffusion and Osmosis Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of _______________ concentration to an area of _______________ concentration. Concentration is the amount of a _______________ in a given space.

Concentration

Which beaker has the higher concentration, beaker A or B?

Diffusion of dye

When the dye is added it _________ until it reaches equilibrium (i.e. is evenly dispersed among the water particles).

Osmosis is the diffusion of ______________ particles through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of _____________ water concentration to an area of ______________ water concentration. Selectively permeable membranes allow some particles to _______________ through it but keeps other particles out.

Osmosis across a selectively permeable membrane

Water moves by osmosis across a selectively permeable membrane from the _______________ side (area of high water concentration) to the _______________ side (area of low water concentration).

Three examples of osmosis:

Beaker A: equal concentrations of water inside and outside the cell. (The cells remain _______________.) Beaker B: higher concentration of water inside the cell than outside. (The cells _______________.) Beaker C: higher concentration of water outside the cell than inside. (The cells _______________.)


Flashcards

1)

What is a Compound Light Microscope?

2)

What is the Cell Theory? (3 points)

3)

What is Cytoplasm?

4)

What is a Cell Membrane?

5)

What are Organelles?

6)

What is a Nucleus?

7)

What are Mitochondia?

8)

What are Ribosomes?


9)

What is Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)?

10)

What are Golgi Bodies and Vesicles?

11)

What are Vacuoles?

12)

What are Lysosomes?

13)

What are Chloroplasts?

14)

What is a cell wall?

15)

What are Prokaryotic Cells?

16)

What are Eukaryotic Cells?


17)

What are Bacteria?

18)

What are the three basic shapes of bacteria?

19)

What are Viruses?

20)

What are the three basic parts of a virus?

21)

What is Concentration?

22)

What is Diffusion?

23)

What is a Selectively Permeable

Membrane?

24)

What is Osmosis?

Chapter 1 Notes: Cells - josecolorado.weebly.com

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