SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURES 1 Chapter 1 – HTML5 Anh Au Summary In this chapter, we cover HTML5 and the specifications of HTML5. HTML takes a major part in defining the Web platform. We will cover high level concepts, the history of HTML, and famous HTML implementations. This chapter also covers how this system fits into a larger application architecture. Lastly, we will go over the high level architecture of HTML5 and cover HTML5 structures and technologies. Introduction High level concepts – what is the basic functionality of this system HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is the markup language used by to create, interpret, and annotate hypertext documents on any platform. HTML5 is the fifth and latest standard for HTML. It is enhanced to provide multimedia and interactive content without needing additional plug-ins.1 The current version more easily and effectively supports the creation of web applications that are able to work with the user, the user’s local data, and server. Glossary CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research CSS Cascading Style Sheets A style sheet language used for describing the look and formatting of a document written in a markup language DOM Document Object Model A cross-platform and language-independent convention for representing and interacting with objects in HTML, XHTML, and XML documents DTD Document Type Definition A set of markup declarations that define a document type for an SGML-family markup language GPU Graphics Processing Unit HyperText Text displayed on a computer display with hyperlinks to other text which the reader can immediately access IETF Internet Engineering Task Force Develops and promotes Internet standards Internet A global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite to link several billion devices worldwide JS JavaScript The scripting language of the Web Markup language Modern system for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text PHP PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor
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SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURES
1
Chapter 1 – HTML5
Anh Au
Summary
In this chapter, we cover HTML5 and the specifications of HTML5. HTML takes a major part
in defining the Web platform. We will cover high level concepts, the history of HTML, and
famous HTML implementations. This chapter also covers how this system fits into a larger
application architecture. Lastly, we will go over the high level architecture of HTML5 and cover
HTML5 structures and technologies.
Introduction
High level concepts – what is the basic functionality of this system
HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is the markup language used by to create, interpret, and
annotate hypertext documents on any platform. HTML5 is the fifth and latest standard for
HTML. It is enhanced to provide multimedia and interactive content without needing additional
plug-ins.1 The current version more easily and effectively supports the creation of web
applications that are able to work with the user, the user’s local data, and server.
Glossary
CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research
CSS Cascading Style Sheets
A style sheet language used for describing the look and formatting of
a document written in a markup language
DOM Document Object Model
A cross-platform and language-independent convention for
representing and interacting with objects in HTML, XHTML, and
XML documents
DTD Document Type Definition
A set of markup declarations that define a document type for an
SGML-family markup language
GPU Graphics Processing Unit
HyperText Text displayed on a computer display with hyperlinks to other text
which the reader can immediately access
IETF Internet Engineering Task Force
Develops and promotes Internet standards
Internet A global system of interconnected computer networks that use the
standard Internet protocol suite to link several billion devices
worldwide
JS JavaScript
The scripting language of the Web
Markup
language
Modern system for annotating a document in a way that is
syntactically distinguishable from the text
PHP PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor
SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURES
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A server-side scripting language designed for web development
RTC Real-Time Communication
SGML Standard Generalized Markup Language
Used for defining generalized markup languages for documents
W3C World Wide Web Consortium
The main international standards organization for the World Wide
Web
WHATWG Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group
A community of people interested in evolving HTML
XHTM L Extensible HyperText Markup Language
A family of XML markup languages that extends versions of HTML
XML Extensible Markup Language
A markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents
in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable
SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURES
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History
Although the origin of the Internet began around the 1960s, the field of academia began to utilize
the Internet in the 1980s. Progressing into the 1990s, the increasing popularity of the Internet
had created an impact on cultures and businesses everywhere.
CERN researchers were
looking for a system that would
the central location where
documents could be created
and shared. The idea came to
be ENQUIRE in 1980. In
1989, physicist and CERN
contractor Tim Berners-Lee
incorporated the ever-growing
Internet into the ENQUIRE
system. He suggested a
hypertext system that would
use hyperlinks connecting to
the Internet. By late 1990,
Berners-Lee created HTML
and the browser and server
software. 2
Figure 1. ENQUIRE Proposal9
In late 1991, Berners-Lee first publicly defined HTML on the Internet. At the time, HTML
contained only 18 elements. He stated that HTML was an application of the Standard
Generalized Markup Language (SGML). Several concepts were borrowed from SGML such as
element types formatting with a start tag, content, and an end tag, element attributes, character