IST 228\Ch1\Internetworking 1 Collision/Broadcast Domain • The term collision domain defines the set of devices for which their frames could collide •A broadcast domain is a set of NICs for which a broadcast frame sent by one NIC will be received by all other NICs in the broadcast domain. • Hub? • Bridge? • Switches? • Routers?
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IST 228\Ch1\Internetworking 1
Collision/Broadcast Domain
• The term collision domain defines the set of devices for which their frames could collide
• A broadcast domain is a set of NICs for which a broadcast frame sent by one NIC will be received by all other NICs in the broadcast domain.
• Hub?• Bridge?• Switches?• Routers?
IST 228\Ch1\Internetworking 2
Identify collision and broadcast domains for each case
IST 228\Ch1\Internetworking 3
10-Mbps Ethernet • No hub, switch, or wiring panel. The series of
cables creates an electrical bus• the carrier sense multiple access collision detect
(CSMA/CD)
• 10Base2: 10Mbps, baseband technology, almost 200 meters
• 10Base5: 10Mbps, baseband technology, almost 5 00 meters
IST 228\Ch1\Internetworking 4
Ethernet Networking with a HubHalf-Duplex 10BaseT
1. The network interface card (NIC) sends a frame.
2. The NIC loops the sent frame onto its receive pair.
3. The hub receives the frame.
4. The hub sends the frame across an internal bus so that all other NICs can receive the electrical signal.
5. The hub repeats the signal to each receive pair to all other devices.
IST 228\Ch1\Internetworking 5
Ethernet Networking with a SwitchFull Duplex Ethernet• Full-duplex means that
an Ethernet card can send and receive concurrently.
• Use a switch or direct connection from host to using a crossover cable.
• The switch interprets the electrical signal as an Ethernet frame and processes the frame to make a decision.
• Hub – Layer 1• Switch – Layer 2
IST 228\Ch1\Internetworking 6
Basic Ethernet Features 10Base2, 10Base5 Single bus cabled serially between devices using
coaxial cable.
10BaseT with a Hub One electrical bus shared among all devices creating a single collision domain, cabled in a star topology using twisted-pair cabling
10BaseT with a Switch
One electrical bus per switch port creating multiple collision domains, cabled in a star topology using twisted-pair cabling
Half Duplex Logic that requires a card to only send or receive at a single point in time. Used to avoid collisions
Full Duplex Logic that enables concurrent sending and receiving, allowed when one device is attached to a switch port, ensuring that no collisions can occur.
IST 228\Ch1\Internetworking 7
Ethernet Addressing
• Ethernet uses MAC address burned into each NIC.
• 48 bits (6 bytes)• First 3 bytes assigned by IEEE• Unicast MAC Address• Broadcast MAC Address
(FFFF.FFFF.FFFF)• Multicast Address
IST 228\Ch1\Internetworking 8
Ethernet Frames
• Framing defines how a string of binary numbers is interpreted
• Preamble• SD: Start frame eliminator• Destination MAC address